Photocurrent estimation from multiple captures for simultaneous SNR and dynamic range improvement in CMOS image sensors
First Claim
1. An estimation method for recursively estimating an optimal illumination on a sensor capable of capturing non-destructively a plurality of image samples during an exposure period, said method comprising:
- measuring an illumination indication from said sensor, said measuring occurs two or more times at intervals during said exposure period, producing a multiplicity of measurements;
determining an estimated illumination on said sensor from all or essentially all of said multiplicity of measurements non-destructively captured before motion/saturation, said determining step occurring recursively over said multiplicity of measurements and including statistical signal processing of said multiplicity of measurements, said signal processing being based on a noise model selected from a fixed pattern noise model, a reset noise model, a shot noise model and a read noise model; and
maintaining a plurality of parameters during said measuring step, said plurality of parameters comprising;
said estimated illumination;
a weighting coefficient of a particular one of said multiplicity of measurements;
a variance between said particular one of said multiplicity of measurements and said multiplicity of measurements; and
an overall variance of said multiplicity of measurements.
1 Assignment
Litigations
0 Petitions
Accused Products
Abstract
The dynamic range and the noise immunity of a digital imaging system are increased by basing an estimate of the illumination on a sensor on a series of measurements of the accumulated illumination at intervals within an exposure period. The measuring may occur destructively, or alternatively the photocurrent of the sensor may continue to accumulate over the exposure period. The estimate may use statistical signal processing of the measurements, based on various noise models and various optimization criteria. The estimate may be computed recursively over the multiplicity of measurements, using a set of recursive values that may include but is not limited to the estimated illumination, a current weighting coefficient, a variance of the current measurement and a variance over the series of measurements.
38 Citations
30 Claims
-
1. An estimation method for recursively estimating an optimal illumination on a sensor capable of capturing non-destructively a plurality of image samples during an exposure period, said method comprising:
-
measuring an illumination indication from said sensor, said measuring occurs two or more times at intervals during said exposure period, producing a multiplicity of measurements; determining an estimated illumination on said sensor from all or essentially all of said multiplicity of measurements non-destructively captured before motion/saturation, said determining step occurring recursively over said multiplicity of measurements and including statistical signal processing of said multiplicity of measurements, said signal processing being based on a noise model selected from a fixed pattern noise model, a reset noise model, a shot noise model and a read noise model; and maintaining a plurality of parameters during said measuring step, said plurality of parameters comprising; said estimated illumination; a weighting coefficient of a particular one of said multiplicity of measurements; a variance between said particular one of said multiplicity of measurements and said multiplicity of measurements; and an overall variance of said multiplicity of measurements. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7)
-
-
8. An estimation method for recursively estimating an optimal illumination on a sensor capable of capturing non-destructively a plurality of image samples during an exposure period, said method comprising:
-
measuring an illumination indication from said sensor, said measuring occurs two or more times at intervals during said exposure period, producing a multiplicity of measurements; determining an estimated illumination on said sensor from all or essentially all of said multiplicity of measurements non-destructively captured before motion/saturation, said determining step occurring recursively over said multiplicity of measurements and including statistical signal processing of said multiplicity of measurements, said signal processing being based on a noise model selected from a fixed pattern noise model, a reset noise model, a shot noise model and a read noise model; and maintaining a plurality of parameters during said measuring step, said plurality of parameters comprising; said estimated illumination; a weighting coefficient applied to a difference between a present one of said multiplicity of measurements and said estimated illumination corresponding to a previous one of said multiplicity of measurements; a mean square error of said estimated illumination; and a covariance of said estimated illumination with said present one of said multiplicity of measurements. - View Dependent Claims (9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14)
-
-
15. An apparatus configured to estimate illumination on a sensor during an exposure period, said apparatus comprising:
-
a sampling means configured to measure, at a multiplicity of time intervals during said exposure period, an illumination indication from said sensor, and configured to produce a multiplicity of measurements; and an estimation means configured to determine an estimated illumination on said sensor from said multiplicity of measurements, said estimation means being configured to compute recursively over said multiplicity of measurements and to maintain recursively a plurality of parameters over said multiplicity of measurements, said plurality of parameters comprising; said estimated illumination; a weighting coefficient of a particular one of said multiplicity of measurements; a variance between said particular one of said multiplicity of measurements and said multiplicity of measurements; and an overall variance of said multiplicity of measurements. - View Dependent Claims (16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22)
-
-
23. An apparatus configured to estimate illumination on a sensor during an exposure period, said apparatus comprising:
-
a sampling means configured to measure, at a multiplicity of time intervals during said exposure period, an illumination indication from said sensor, and configured to produce a multiplicity of measurements; and an estimation means configured to determine an estimated illumination on said sensor from said multiplicity of measurements, wherein said estimation means is configured to perform statistical signal processing of said multiplicity of measurements, said signal processing being based on a noise model selected from a fixed pattern noise model, a reset noise model, a shot noise model and a read noise model, and wherein said estimation means is configured to compute recursively over said multiplicity of measurements and to maintain recursively a plurality of parameters over said multiplicity of measurements, said plurality of parameters comprising; said estimated illumination; a weighting coefficient applied to a difference between a present one of said multiplicity of measurements and said estimated illumination corresponding to a previous one of said multiplicity of measurements; a mean square error of said estimated illumination; and a covariance of said estimated illumination with said present one of said multiplicity of measurements. - View Dependent Claims (24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30)
-
Specification