Continuous wave (CW)—fixed multiple frequency triggered, radio frequency identification (RFID) tag and system and method employing same

• US 7,023,342 B2
• Filed: 09/17/2003
• Issued: 04/04/2006
• Est. Priority Date: 09/17/2003
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: the united states of america as represented by the secretary of the navy
• Original Assignee: the united states of america as represented by the secretary of the navy
• Inventors: Corbett, Blaise L., Workman, Michael L.
• Primary Examiner(s): Nguyen, Tai T.
• Application Number:
  US10/666,823
• Publication Number:
  US 20050057368A1
• Time in Patent Office: 930 Days
• Field of Search: 340/572.1, 340/572.4, 340/10.1, 340/10.3, 340/5.8, 340/825.49, 340/10.41, 340/10.2, 340/541, 340/42, 340/44, 340/51
• US Class Current: 340/572.1
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/067 Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/0723 the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/0008 General problems related to the reading of electronic memory record carriers, independent of its reading method, e.g. power transfer
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 7/10069 the collision being resolved in the frequency domain, e.g. by hopping from one frequency to the other frequency hopping or spread spectrum techniques H04B7/00

Abstract

A far field radio frequency identification (RFID) tagging and tracking system employing a plurality of continuous wave (CW), unmodulated signals selected from frequencies including a predetermined frequency band, includes a RFID interrogator generating a group of CW unmodulated signals corresponding to a RFID tag and receiving a tag identification (ID) signal sequence uniquely identifying the RFID tag, while the RFID tag includes a power source supplying power to the RFID tag but not including a microprocessor. A corresponding RFID tag and method for operating both the tag and the system are also described.

Claims

1. A far field radio frequency identification (RFID) tag having an associated tag identification (ID) responsive to a group of a plurality of continuous wave (CW), unmodulated signals selected from frequencies comprising a predetermined frequency band, that correspond to the tag ID of the RFID tag.

2. The RFID tag of claim 1 wherein each frequency corresponds to a bit of the RFID tag ID.

3. A far field radio frequency identification (RFID tag responsive to a plurality of continuous wave (CW), unmodulated signals selected from frequencies including a predetermined frequency band, the RFID tag comprising:

an antenna generating received CW signals responsive to the CW unmodulated signals;

a filter bank generating noise-free CW signals responsive to the received CW signals;

a rectifier bank generating a binary word responsive to the noise-reduced CW signals;

a logic circuit generating a command signal when the received binary word corresponds to a tag identifier code programmed into the logic circuit; and

a state machine coupled to the antenna and responsive to the command signal generating information identifying the RFID tag for transmission via the antenna.

4. The RFID tag as recited in claim 3, further comprising a timer generating a clock signal applied to the state machine.

5. The RFID tag as recited in claim 3, further comprising a counter generating a count signal applied to the state machine in response to a supplied one of the CW unmodulated frequency signals.

6. The RFID tag as recited in claim 3, wherein the logic circuit comprises a field programmable gate array (FPGA).

7. The RFID tag as recited in claim 6, wherein the FPGA includes the state machine.

8. The RFID tag as recited in claim 3, further comprising a first switch electrically connected between the logic circuit and the state machine for selectively applying power to the state machine responsive to the command signal.

9. A method of operating a far field radio frequency identification (RFID) tag responsive to a plurality of continuous wave (CW), unmodulated signals selected from frequencies comprising a predetermined frequency band, comprising:

receiving the plurality of CW unmodulated signals;

determining whether a binary word indicated by the received plurality of CW unmodulated signals taken together as a group of frequency matches;

a tag identifier for the RFID tag programmed into a logic circuit; and

outputting information distinguishing the RFID tag from similar RFID tags when the binary word matches the tag identifier.

10. The method as recited in claim 9, wherein:

the binary word corresponds to M of N possible frequencies in the predetermined frequency band;

M and N are positive integers; and

N≧

M.

11. The method of claim 9 wherein each frequency corresponds to a bit of the tag identifier.

12. A far field radio frequency identification (RFID) tagging and tracking system employing a plurality of continuous wave (CW), unmodulated signals selected from frequencies comprising a predetermined frequency band, the system including a RFID interrogator generating a group of CW unmodulated signals, the group of frequencies as a whole corresponding to a RFID tag and receiving a tag identification (ID) signal sequence uniquely identifying the RFID tag.

13. The RFID tagging and tracking system of claim 12 wherein each frequency corresponds to a bit of the tag ID.

14. A far field radio frequency identification (RFID) tagging and tracking system employing a plurality of continuous wave (CW), unmodulated signals selected from frequencies comprising a predetermined frequency band, the system including an RFID interrogator generating a group of CW unmodulated signals corresponding to an RFID tag and receiving a tag identification (ID) signal sequence uniquely identifying the RFID tag, wherein:

the RFID interrogator comprises;

first and second antennas;

a front end coupled to the first antenna that extracts the tag ID signal sequence from a received signal;

a controller receiving the tag ID signal sequence and generating control signals;

a multiple frequency generator generating a plurality of CW unmodulated frequency signals;

a switch array responsive to the control signals that route selected ones of the CW unmodulated frequency signals to a frequency summer; and

the frequency summer, which applies the selected ones of the CW unmodulated frequency signals to the second antenna; and

the RFID tag comprises;

a third antenna generating received CW signals responsive to the selected ones of the CW unmodulated frequency signals output by the second antenna;

a filter bank generating noise-free CW signals responsive to the received CW signals;

a rectifier bank generating a binary word responsive to the noise-reduced CW signals;

a logic circuit generating a command signal when the received binary word corresponds to a tag identifier code programmed into the logic circuit; and

a state machine coupled to the third antenna and responsive to the command signal generating the tag ID signal sequence for transmission via the third antenna to the RFID interrogator.

15. The RFID tagging and tracking system as recited in claim 14, further comprising a timer generating a clock signal applied to the state machine.

16. The RFID tagging and tracking system as recited in claim 14, further comprising a counter generating a count signal applied to the state machine in response to a supplied one of the CW unmodulated frequency signals.

17. The RFID tagging and tracking system as recited in claim 14, wherein the logic circuit comprises a field programmable gate array (FPGA).

18. The RFID tagging and tracking system as recited in claim 17, wherein the FPGA includes the state machine.

19. The RFID tagging and tracking system as recited in claim 14, further comprising a first switch electrically connected between the logic circuit and the state machine for selectively applying power to the state machine responsive to the command signal.

20. The RFID tagging and tracking system as recited in claim 14, wherein the CW unmodulated frequency signals and the tag ID signal sequence occupy first and second frequency bands.

21. The RFID tagging and tracking system as recited in claim 14, wherein:

the first antenna comprises a directional antenna; and

the controller determines a bearing line to the RFID tag.

22. The RFID tagging and tracking system as recited in claim 14, wherein the controller provides a data storage function and a display function.

23. A method for operating a far field radio frequency identification (RFID) tagging and tracking system responsive to a plurality of continuous wave (CW), unmodulated frequency signals selected from frequencies comprising a predetermined frequency band, wherein a RFID interrogator includes a multiple frequency generator producing the frequencies included in the predetermined frequency band, a controller, a switch array operated by the controller, and a frequency summer for combining the CW unmodulated frequency signals output by the switch array, while a RFID tag includes an antenna, a filter bank, a rectifier bank, a logic circuit, and a state machine, electrically coupled to one another in the recited order, the state machine being coupled to a RFID tag antenna, a power source supplying power to the RFID tag, comprising:

transmitting CW unmodulated frequency signals corresponding to a binary word;

extracting the binary word from the CW unmodulated frequency signals;

comparing the binary word to a tag identifier for the RFID tag programmed into the logic circuit; and

when the binary word matches the tag identifier, controlling the state machine to output a tag identification (ID) signal sequence distinguishing the RFID tag from similar RFID tags.

24. The method as recited in claim 23, wherein:

the binary word corresponds to M of N possible frequencies in the predetermined frequency band;

M and N are positive integers; and

N≧

M.

25. A far field radio frequency identification (RFID) tag having a binary identification, the tag comprising:

an antenna to receive a plurality of different, unmodulated, continuous wave (CW) electromagnetic frequencies from an interrogator;

a first circuit to provide an indication that the plurality of received CW frequencies together as a group of frequencies correspond to the binary identification; and

a second circuit to send a message to the interrogator in response to the indication.

26. The RFID tag of claim 25 wherein the frequencies are selected to from a predetermined frequency band and the binary identification corresponds to M of N possible frequencies in the predetermined frequency band where M and N are positive integers and N≧

M.

27. The RFID tag of claim 26 wherein the frequencies are selected by dividing the frequency band into a number of discreet frequency sub-bands.

28. The RFID tag of claim 25 wherein each frequency corresponds to a bit of the binary identification ID.

29. A far field radio frequency identification (RFID) system comprising:

an interrogator to transmit a plurality of different, unmodulated, continuous wave (CW) electromagnetic frequencies wherein the plurality of unmodulated CW frequencies as a group of signals correspond to a binary identification; and

an RFID tag corresponding to the binary identification to receive the plurality of different unmodulated, continuous wave (CW) electromagnetic frequencies and to transmit a message to the interrogator in response to the received frequencies.

30. The RFID system of claim 29 wherein the frequencies are selected to from a predetermined frequency band and the binary identification corresponds to M of N possible frequencies in the predetermined frequency band where M and N are positive integers and N≧

M.

31. The RFID system of claim 30 wherein the frequencies are selected by dividing the frequency band into a number of discreet frequency sub-bands.

32. The RFID system of claim 29 wherein each frequency corresponds to a bit of the binary identification ID.