System for automated determination of retroreflectivity of road signs and other reflective objects

• US 7,043,057 B2
• Filed: 12/15/2003
• Issued: 05/09/2006
• Est. Priority Date: 06/07/2001
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: AMAC NORTH AMERICA, LLC
• Original Assignee: Facet Technology Corp.
• Inventors: Retterath, James E., Laumeyer, Robert A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Choobin, Barry
• Application Number:
  US10/736,454
• Publication Number:
  US 20040156531A1
• Time in Patent Office: 876 Days
• Field of Search: 382/104, 382/105, 382/106, 382/164, 382/165, 382/274, 382/312, 382/162, 382/170, 342/26, 348/113, 250/205, 250/332, 345/20, 345/63, 345/77, 356/4.07, 356/47, 356/218, 359/627, 359/834, 359/533, 362/540, 362/812, 340/907, 340/933, 340/905, 405/41, 405/61, 406/12, 428/221, 701/36, 701/1
• US Class Current: 382/104
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2021/551 Retroreflectance
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/55 Specular reflectivity
• CPC Class Codes: G08G 1/0962 having an indicator mounted inside the vehicle, e.g. giving voice messages
• CPC Class Codes: G08G 1/096716 where the received information does not generate an automatic action on the vehicle control
• CPC Class Codes: G08G 1/096758 where no selection takes place on the transmitted or the received information
• CPC Class Codes: G08G 1/096775 where the origin of the information is a central station
• CPC Class Codes: G08G 1/096783 where the origin of the information is a roadside individual element
• CPC Class Codes: G08G 1/096791 where the origin of the information is another vehicle

Abstract

A system for the automated determination of retroreflectivity values for reflective surfaces disposed along a roadway repeatedly illuminates an area along the roadway that includes at least one reflective surface using a strobing light source. Multiple light intensity values are measured over a field of view which includes at least a portion of the area illuminated by the light source. A computer processing system is used to identifying a portion of the light intensity values associated with a reflective surface and analyze the portion of the light intensity values to determine at least one retroreflectivity value for that reflective surface.

Claims

1. A method of automated determination of retroreflectivity values for reflective surfaces comprising:

strobing a light source to illuminate an area that includes at least one reflective surface without targeting the light source on a particular reflective surface;

collecting a plurality of light intensity measurements with at least one intensity sensor directed to cover a field of view which includes at least a portion of the area illuminated by the light source;

using a computer processing system to;

identify a portion of at least one light intensity measurement associated with one of the at least one reflective surfaces; and

analyze the portion of the at least one light intensity measurement to determine at least one retroreflectivity value for that reflective surface;

creating a characterization profile for the light source, the characterization profile including an array of known luminance values of reflections of the light source; and

utilizing the characterization profile for the light source as part of determining the at least one retroreflectivity value for that reflective surface.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the array of known luminance values of reflection comprises reflected intensity values for the light source over a range of colors and reflected intensity values over a range of relative angles between the light source and the reflective surface.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

collecting a plurality of color images with at least one color camera directed to cover a field of view which includes at least a portion of the area illuminated by the light source; and

,

utilizing the characterization profile for the light source and the plurality of color images as part of determining the at least one retroreflectivity value for that reflective surface.

4. A method of automated determination of retroreflectivity values for reflective surfaces comprising:

strobing a light source to illuminate an area that includes at least one reflective surface withhout targeting the light source on a particular reflective surface;

collecting a plurality of light intensity measurements with at least one intensity sensor directed to cover a field of view which includes at least a portion of the area illuminated by the light source;

using a computer processing system to;

identify a portion of at least one light intensity measurement associated with one of the at least one reflective surfaces; and

analyze the portion of the at least one light intensity measurement to determine at least one retroreflectivity value for that reflective surface;

creating a characterization profile for the intensity sensor, the characterization profile including an array of intensity values of reflections measured for a known light source; and

utilizing the characterization profile for the intensity sensor as part of determining the at least one retroreflectivity value for that reflective surface.

5. A method of automated determination of retroreflectivity values for reflective surfaces comprising:

strobing a light source to illuminate an area that includes at least one reflective surface without targeting the light source on a particular reflective surface;

collecting a plurality of light intensity measurements with at least one intensity sensor directed to cover a field of view which includes at least a portion of the area illuminated by the light source;

using a computer processing system to;

identify a portion of at least one light intensity measurement associated with one of the at least one reflective surfaces; and

analyze the portion of the at least one light intensity measurement to determine at least one retroreflectivity value for that reflective surface;

wherein each light intensity measurement comprises a frame of pixel intensity values and a plurality of reflective surfaces are present in at least one of the light intensity measurements.

6. A method of automated determination of retroreflectivity values for reflective surfaces comprising:

strobing a light source to illuminate an area that includes at least one reflective surface without targeting the light source on a particular reflective surface;

collecting a plurality of light intensity measurements with at least one intensity sensor directed to cover a field of view which includes at least a portion of the area illuminated by the light source;

using a computer processing system to;

identify a portion of at least one light intensity measurement associated with one of the at least one reflective surfaces; and

analyze the portion of the at least one light intensity measurement to determine at least one retroreflectivity value for that reflective surface;

wherein the step of strobing the light source is synchronized to the step of collecting the plurality of light intensity measurements.

7. A method of automated determination of retroreflectivity values for reflective surfaces comprising:

creating a characterization profile for a light source, the characterization profile including an array of known luminance values associated with reflections of the light source;

creating a characterization profile for an intensity sensor, the characterization profile including an array of intensity values measured for reflections of a known light source; and

using the light source to illuminate an area that includes at least one reflective surface;

collecting a plurality of light intensity measurements with at least one intensity sensor without targeting a particular reflective surface;

collecting a plurality of color images with at least one color camera directed to cover a field of view which includes at least a portion of the area illuminated by the light source;

using a computer processing system to determine at least one retroreflectivity value for one of the at least one reflective surfaces that reflective surface, including;

identifying a portion of at least one light intensity measurement associated with one of the at least one reflective surfaces;

utilizing at least one of the plurality of color images to identify at least one color associated with that reflective surface;

utilizing the characterization profile of the light source and the characterization profile for the intensity sensor to determine a luminance value associated with the portion of that light intensity measurement associated with that reflective surface based on the at least one color associated with that reflective surface; and

converting the luminance value to a retroreflectivity value.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein each light intensity measurement comprises a frame of pixel intensity values and wherein the step of identifying the portion of at least one light intensity measurement is accomplished by analyzing at least one of the color images to determine the presence of a reflective surface in a portion of the color image and correlating the portion of the color image to a corresponding light intensity measurement to identify the portion of the frame of pixel intensity values associated with that reflective surface.

9. A system for automated determination of retroreflectivity values for reflective surfaces comprising:

means for repeatedly illuminating an area that includes at least one reflective surface;

means for repeatedly measuring light intensity values over a field of view which includes at least a portion of the area illuminated by the light source; and

at least one computer processing system, including;

means for identifying a portion of the light intensity values associated with one of the at least one reflective surfaces;

means for analyzing the portion of the light intensity values to determine at least one retroreflectivity value for that reflective surface; and

wherein the means for analyzing utilizes the color images as part of determining the at least retroreflectivity value for that reflective surface.

10. The system of claim 9, wherein the means for repeatedly illuminating includes a source of illumination selected from the set consisting of:

an incandescent-based source of illumination, a halogen-based source of illumination, a fluorescent-based source of illumination, high intensity discharge type source of illumination, a xenon gas-based source of illumination, a single filament sealed-beam source of illumination, light emitting diodes or a dual filament source of sealed beam illumination.

11. The system of claim 9, wherein the light intensity values are pixel intensity values and the means for repeatedly measuring light intensity values comprises a black and white camera that generates a frame of pixel intensity values.