Interferometers for optical communications utilizing photo-sensitive materials

• US 7,046,374 B1
• Filed: 03/13/2003
• Issued: 05/16/2006
• Est. Priority Date: 03/14/2002
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: II-VI Delaware, Inc. (Coherent Corp.)
• Original Assignee: Avanex Corporation (Oclaro (North America), Inc.)
• Inventors: Barbarossa, Giovanni
• Primary Examiner(s): LEE, HWA S
• Application Number:
  US10/388,580
• Time in Patent Office: 1,160 Days
• Field of Search: 356/506, 356/480, 356/454, 356/519, 356/521
• US Class Current: 356/519
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 3/26 using multiple reflection, e.g. Fabry-Perot interferometer, variable interference filters
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/29358 Multiple beam interferometer external to a light guide, e.g. Fabry-Pérot, etalon, VIPA plate, OTDL plate, continuous interferometer, parallel plate resonator G02B6/29347, G02B6/29349, G02B6/2935, G02B6/29361 take precedence; resonator evanescently coupled to light guide G02B6/29335
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/29395 configurable, e.g. tunable or reconfigurable switching G02B6/35

Abstract

An interferometer includes: a first glass plate optically coupled to a second glass plate, forming an optical interferometric cavity therebetween; a first reflective coating coupled to the first glass plate within the optical interferometric cavity, where the first reflective coating is partially reflective; a second reflective coating coupled to the second glass plate within the optical interferometric cavity, where the second reflective coating is at least partially reflective; and a tuning plate residing within the interferometric cavity and optically coupled to the first and second reflective coatings, where the tuning plate comprises a photosensitive material, where a refractive index of the photosensitive material may be modified by exposure to light. The interferometer is adjusted through exposure of the tuning plate to light so that its pass, transmission, or reflection bands align to standard channel positions, or the pass bands of an apparatus incorporating the interferometer align to standard channel positions.

Claims

1. An interferometer, comprising:

a first glass plate optically coupled to a second glass plate, forming an optical interferometric cavity therebetween;

a spacer coupled on a first end to the first glass plate and on a second end to the second glass plate such that the optical interferometric cavity maintains a substantially constant width;

a first reflective coating coupled to the first glass plate within the optical interferometric cavity, wherein the first reflective coating is partially reflective;

a second reflective coating coupled to the second glass plate within the optical interferometric cavity, wherein the second reflective coating is at least partially reflective;

a tuning plate residing within the interferometric cavity and optically coupled to the first and second reflective coatings, wherein the tuning plate comprises a photosensitive material, wherein a refractive index of the photosensitive material may be modified by exposure to light;

a first birefringent wave late residing within the optical interferometric cavity and optically coupled to the tuning plate; and

a second birefringent wave plate residing outside the optical interferometric cavity and optically coupled to the first glass plate.

2. The interferometer of claim 1, wherein the tuning plate is coupled to a substrate.

3. The interferometer of claim 1, wherein the tuning plate is coupled to the first reflective coating.

4. The interferometer of claim 1, wherein the tuning plate is coupled to the second reflective coating.

5. The interferometer of claim 1, wherein the second reflective coating is approximately 100% reflective.

6. The interferometer of claim 5, wherein the tuning plate is coupled to a substrate.

7. The interferometer of claim 5, wherein the tuning plate is coupled to the first reflective coating.

8. The interferometer of claim 5, wherein the tuning plate is coupled to the second reflective coating.

9. The interferometer of claim 1, wherein the first birefringent waveplate is optically coupled between the tuning plate and the second reflective coating.

10. The interferometer of claim 1 wherein the tuning plate is coupled to a substrate.

11. The interferometer of claim 1, wherein the tuning plate is coupled to the first reflective coating.

12. The interferometer of claim 9, wherein the tuning plate is coupled to the second reflective coating.

13. The interferometer of claim 1, wherein the refractive index of the photosensitive material may be modified by exposure to actinic ultraviolet radiation.

14. The interferometer of claim 1, wherein the modification of the refractive index of the photosensitive material modifies an optical path between the first and second reflective coatings.

22. The interferometer of claim 1, wherein the spacer comprises a low-thermal-expansion material.

23. The interferometer of claim 1, wherein the spacer comprises a zero-thermal-expansion material.

15. An interferometer, comprising:

a first glass plate optically coupled to a second glass plate, forming an optical interferometric cavity therebetween;

a spacer coupled on a first end to the first glass plate and on a second end to the second glass plate such that the optical interferometric cavity maintains a substantially constant width;

a first reflective coating coupled to the first glass plate within the optical interferometric cavity, wherein the first reflective coating is partially reflective;

a second reflective coating coupled to the second glass plate within the optical interferometric cavity, wherein the second reflective coating is at least partially reflective;

a tuning plate residing within the interferometric cavity and optically coupled to the first and second reflective coatings, wherein the tuning plate comprises a photosensitive material, wherein a refractive index of the photosensitive material may be modified by exposure to light;

an input composite optical signal entering the optical interferometric cavity through the first glass plate;

a reflective light comprising a first periodic pattern of wavelengths exiting the optical interferometric cavity through the first glass plate; and

a transmitted light comprising a second periodic pattern of wavelengths exiting the optical interferometric cavity through the second glass plate,

wherein the modification of the refractive index of the photosensitive material modifies positions of the first and second periodic patterns of wavelengths.

16. The interferometer of claim 15, further comprising:

an output composite optical signal exiting the optical interferometric cavity through the first glass plate, wherein a periodic phase of the output composite optical signal is shifted from a periodic phase of the input composite optical signal.

17. A method for adjusting an interferometer, comprising the steps of:

(a) providing an interferometer, comprising;

a first glass plate optically coupled to a second glass plate, forming an optical interferometric cavity therebetween,

a spacer coupled on a first end to the first glass plate and on a second end to the second glass plate such that the optical interferometric cavity maintains a substantially constant width,

a first reflective coating coupled to the first glass plate within the optical interferometric cavity, wherein the first reflective coating is partially reflective,

a second reflective coating coupled to the second glass plate within the optical interferometric cavity, wherein the second reflective coating is at least partially reflective, and

a tuning plate residing within the interferometric cavity and optically coupled to the first and second reflective coatings, wherein the tuning plate comprises a photosensitive material, wherein a refractive index of the photosensitive material may be modified by exposure to a light beam;

(b) providing the light beam to the tuning plate;

(c) providing an input light beam into an optical path between the first and second reflective coatings, wherein the input light beam is separate and distinct from the light beam provided to the tuning plate;

(d) monitoring an output light beam to determine positions of spectral bands of the output light beam, wherein the monitoring step (d) is performed between separate applications of the light beam to the tuning plate; and

(e) ceasing the light beam to the tuning plate once the positions coincide with pre-determined positions.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein the light beam provided to the tuning plate is provided through an opening in the interferometer.

19. The method of claim 17, wherein the light beam provided to the tuning plate is provided through the second reflective coating.

20. The method of claim 17, wherein the light beam provided to the tuning plate is provided by an ultraviolet radiation laser or lamp of appropriate wavelength.

21. The method of claim 17, wherein the monitoring step (d) is performed simultaneously with providing the light beam to the tuning plate.