Three-dimensional photonic crystal waveguide structure and method
First Claim
1. An apparatus comprising:
- a first 3D photonic crystal region in a first substrate, the first 3D photonic crystal region having a complete photonic bandgap;
a second 3D photonic crystal region in a second substrate, the second 3D photonic crystal region having a complete photonic bandgap, wherein the first 3D photonic crystal region is coupled to the second 3D photonic crystal region to form a single 3D photonic crystal region having a complete photonic bandgap; and
an empty channel formed in the single 3D photonic crystal region.
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Abstract
A waveguide structure formed with a three-dimensional (3D) photonic crystal is disclosed. The 3D photonic crystal comprises a periodic array of voids formed in a solid substrate. The voids are arranged to create a complete photonic bandgap. The voids maybe formed using a technique called “surface transformation,” which involves forming holes in the substrate surface, and annealing the substrate to initiate migration of the substrate near the surface to form voids in the substrate. A channel capable of transmitting radiation corresponding to the complete bandgap is formed in the 3D photonic crystal, thus forming the waveguide. The waveguide may be formed by interfacing two 3D photonic crystal regions, with at least one of the regions having a channel formed therein. The bandgap wavelength can be chosen by arranging the periodic array of voids to have a lattice constant a fraction of the bandgap wavelength.
91 Citations
59 Claims
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1. An apparatus comprising:
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a first 3D photonic crystal region in a first substrate, the first 3D photonic crystal region having a complete photonic bandgap; a second 3D photonic crystal region in a second substrate, the second 3D photonic crystal region having a complete photonic bandgap, wherein the first 3D photonic crystal region is coupled to the second 3D photonic crystal region to form a single 3D photonic crystal region having a complete photonic bandgap; and an empty channel formed in the single 3D photonic crystal region. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
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10. An apparatus comprising:
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a first 3D photonic crystal region in a first substrate, the first 3D photonic crystal region having a complete photonic bandgap; an empty channel formed in the first 3D photonic crystal region for transmitting a radiation; and a second 3D photonic crystal region in a second substrate, the second 3D photonic crystal region having a complete photonic bandgap, at least a portion of the second 3D photonic crystal region covering the empty channel. - View Dependent Claims (11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18)
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19. An apparatus comprising:
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a first 3D photonic crystal region in a first substrate, the first 3D photonic crystal region having a complete photonic bandgap; a gas-filled channel formed in the first 3D photonic crystal region for transmitting a radiation; and a second 3D photonic crystal region in a second substrate, the second 3D photonic crystal region having a complete photonic bandgap, at least a portion of the second 3D photonic crystal region covering the gas-filled channel. - View Dependent Claims (20, 21, 22, 23, 24)
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25. An apparatus comprising:
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a first substrate having an incomplete bandgap; a first 3D photonic crystal region formed in the first substrate, the first 3D photonic crystal region having a complete photonic bandgap; a second substrate having an incomplete bandgap; a second 3D photonic crystal region formed in the second substrate, the second 3D photonic crystal region having a complete photonic bandgap, wherein the first 3D photonic crystal region is coupled to the second 3D photonic crystal region to form a single 3D photonic crystal region having a complete photonic bandgap; and an air-filled channel formed in the single 3D photonic crystal region. - View Dependent Claims (26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31)
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32. An apparatus comprising:
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a first 3D photonic crystal region in a first substrate, the 3D first photonic crystal region having a complete photonic bandgap; an air-filled channel formed in the first 3D photonic crystal region, the air-filled channel including a first end and a second end; a second 3D photonic crystal region in a second substrate, the second 3D photonic crystal region having a complete photonic bandgap, at least a portion of the second 3D photonic crystal region covering the air-filled channel; and a radiation source coupled to the first end of the air-filled channel for providing a radiation. - View Dependent Claims (33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38)
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39. A method comprising:
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generating a radiation; and transmitting the radiation through an empty channel, wherein the empty channel is formed in a first 3D photonic crystal region in a first substrate, wherein the empty channel is covered by at least a portion of a second 3D photonic crystal region in a second substrate, and wherein the first and second 3D photonic crystal regions have a complete photonic bandgap. - View Dependent Claims (40, 41, 42, 43)
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44. A method comprising:
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forming a first 3D photonic crystal region in a first substrate, the first 3D photonic crystal region having a complete photonic bandgap; forming an empty channel in the first 3D photonic crystal region; and covering the empty channel with a second 3D photonic crystal region in a second substrate, the second 3D photonic crystal region having a complete photonic bandgap. - View Dependent Claims (45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51)
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52. A method comprising:
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creating a channel in a first 3D photonic crystal region in a first substrate, the first 3D photonic crystal region having a complete photonic bandgap; and covering the channel with a second 3D photonic crystal region in a second substrate to form an air-filled channel for transmitting a radiation through the air-filled channel, the second 3D photonic crystal region having a complete photonic bandgap. - View Dependent Claims (53, 54, 55)
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56. A method comprising:
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forming a first 3D photonic crystal region in a first substrate, the first 3D photonic crystal region having a complete photonic bandgap; forming a second 3D photonic crystal region in a second substrate, the second 3D photonic crystal region having a complete photonic bandgap; and bonding the first 3D photonic crystal region to the second 3D photonic crystal region to form a single 3D photonic crystal region, the single 3D photonic crystal region having a complete photonic bandgap; and forming an air-filled channel in the single 3D photonic crystal region. - View Dependent Claims (57, 58, 59)
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Specification