Drive circuit having improved energy efficiency for implantable beneficial agent infusion or delivery device

• US 7,070,577 B1
• Filed: 03/06/2000
• Issued: 07/04/2006
• Est. Priority Date: 02/02/1998
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Medtronic Incorporated (Medtronic Plc)
• Original Assignee: Medtronic Incorporated (Medtronic Plc)
• Inventors: Weijand, Koen J., Haller, Markus
• Primary Examiner(s): THOMPSON, MICHAEL M
• Application Number:
  US09/519,563
• Time in Patent Office: 2,311 Days
• Field of Search: 604/31, 604 65- 67, 604/93.01, 604/890.1, 604/891.1, 604131-133, 604/151, 604/153, 604/154, 604/246, 604/247, 604/249, 604/236, 604/237, 128/DIG.12, 128/13, 600/9, 251/129.04, 251/129.06, 251/129.09, 251/129.15
• US Class Current: 604/131
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2005/14513 with secondary fluid driving or regulating the infusion
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/0244 Micromachined materials, e.g. made from silicon wafers, microelectromechanical systems [MEMS] or comprising nanotechnology
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/0294 Piezoelectric materials
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/3523 using telemetric means
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/8212 with means or measures taken for minimising energy consumption
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 31/002 Devices for releasing a drug at a continuous and controlled rate for a prolonged period of time artificial gland structures or devices A61F2/022; intra-uterine contraceptive devices A61F6/14; tampons for introducing into the vagina A61F13/20, A61L15/00; suppositories or bougies for intra-vaginal or intra-uterine application A61K9/02; physical forms of medicinal preparations for sustained or differential drug release A61K9/20, A61K9/50
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 39/22 Valves or arrangement of valves A61M39/02, A61M39/0247, A61M39/16 take precedence; regulating valves in infusion systems A61M5/16881; in devices worn by the patient for the reception of urine, faeces, catamenial or other discharge, or in colostomy devices A61F5/4405
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/14276 specially adapted for implantation
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/16831 Monitoring, detecting, signalling or eliminating infusion flow anomalies low-level float-valves causing cut-off A61M5/40; indicating or recording presence, absence or direction of flow in general G01P13/0066
• CPC Class Codes: F15C 5/00 Manufacture of fluid circuit elements; Manufacture of assemblages of such elements integrated circuits
• CPC Class Codes: F16K 2099/0088 Implanted devices
• CPC Class Codes: F16K 99/0001 Microvalves microdevices B81B1/00; manufacture or treatment of devices or systems in or on a substrate B81C1/00; microfluidic structures B01L3/5027; micropumps F04B19/006
• CPC Class Codes: F16K 99/0015 Diaphragm or membrane valves
• CPC Class Codes: F16K 99/0048 using piezoelectric means
• CPC Class Codes: H02N 2/067 generating drive pulses

Abstract

An implantable beneficial agent infusion device featuring a unique energy recovery circuit and a deflectable energy storing member such as a piezo-electric membrane is disclosed. The circuit and deflectable energy storing member cooperate to permit electrical energy employed to activate the member to be at least partially recovered. In a preferred embodiment, the deflectable energy storing member is connected to a seal which is opened to permit the delivery or infusion of a pre-determined amount of a beneficial agent to a patient when the member is deflected or actuated through the application of a sufficiently high voltage thereacross. Charge stored on or in the deflectable energy storing member as a result of the voltage being applied thereacross is recovered by a novel circuit when the deflectable energy storing membrane is permitted to return to its non-actuated state or position.

Claims

1. An implantable beneficial agent infusion device, comprising:

an hermetically sealed enclosure;

a fluid reservoir positioned at least partially within the hermetic enclosure, the fluid reservoir being adapted to contain a fluid containing a beneficial agent therewithin;

a catheter for delivering the fluid into a patient'"'"'s body;

a controllable pump, the pump communicating with the resevoir and the catheter and causing the fluid to move from the reservoir into the catheter upon receiving a command actuating same;

a valve assembly comprising a deflectable energy storing member; and

an electrical circuit configured to controllably energize and deflect the energy storing member by providing an output voltage and electric charge thereacross or therein, and configured to recover at least a portion of the electric charge from the deflectable energy storing member when the output voltage provided thereto is switched off.

2. The implantable medical device of claim 1, wherein the electrical circuit operably coupled to upper and lower surfaces of the deflectable energy storing member.

3. The implantable medical device of claim 1, wherein the energy storing member is deflectable or moveable between a first non-energized position in which movement of the fluid from the reservoir into the means for delivering the fluid into the patient'"'"'s body is blocked, and a second energized position in which the movement of the fluid from the reservoir into the means for delivering the fluid into the patient'"'"'s body is permitted.

4. The implantable medical device claim 1, wherein the energy storing member pushes or pulls a seal between a first sealed position in which movement of the fluid from the reservoir into the means for delivering the fluid into the patient'"'"'s body is blocked, and a second unsealed position in which the movement of the fluid from the reservoir into the means for delivering the fluid into the patient'"'"'s body is permitted, when the member is de-actuated and actuated, respectively.

5. The implantable medical device of claim 1, wherein the deflectable energy storing member comprises a piezo-electic material.

6. The implantable medical device of claim 1, wherein the deflectable energy storing member comprises a electro capacitive material.

7. The implantable medical device of claim 1, wherein the deflectable energy storing member comprises a electrostatic material.

8. The implantable medical device of claim 1, wherein the deflectable energy storing member comprises a solenoid.

9. The implantable medical device of claim 1, wherein the fluid reservoir further comprises means for maintaining the fluid containing a beneficial agent between a first pressure and second pressure.

10. The implantable medical device of claim 1, wherein the circuit comprises an integrated circuit comprising a driving circuit that receives electrical current from a power source and transforms the current into an output signal appropriate to cause the energy storing member to deflect in response to the application of an electrical field thereto such that a sealing means moves into an open position to permit fluid to flow from the fluid reservoir.

11. The implatnable medical device of claim 10, wherein the output signal ranges between about +80 Volts and about +150 Volts.

12. The implantable medical device of claim 1, wherein the means for controllably energizing and deflecting the deflectable energy storing member and the means for recovering electric charge from the energy storing member are coupled to a suitable power source.

13. The implantable medical device of claim 12, wherein the power source is selected from the group consisting of an electrochemical cell, a battery, a plurality of electrochemical cells, a storage capacitor, a super-capacitor and a electrolytic capacitor.

14. A method of causing fluid flow through an implantable beneficial agent infusion device, the device comprising a deflectable energy storing member and a fluid flow path blocked by the deflectable energy storing member in an un-energized position, the method comprising;

(a) energizing the deflectable energy storing member with at least one of electric charge and electric voltage and causing same to deflect from an un-energized position to an energized position;

(b) causing fluid to flow through the path blocked by the deflectable energy storing member in the un-energized position in response to the energy storing member deflecting;

(c) de-energizing the deflectable energy storing member and causing same to move to the un-energized position, and

(d) recovering at least a portion of the electric charge from the deflectable energy storing member when the deflectable energy storing member returns to its un-energized position.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein recovering at least a portion of the electric charge from the deflectable energy storing member comprises discharging a voltage through an inductor.