Electrokinetic instability micromixer
First Claim
1. An electrokinetic stirring method for rapid mixing of an initially heterogeneous solution whose motion is dominated by viscous forces, said method comprising the acts of:
- providing a fluidic network having a plurality of ports including at least two inlet ports and one outlet port, and a plurality of liquid channels connecting said plurality of ports;
positioning two electrodes into ends of said liquid channels wherein said ends also act as inlet and outlet ports for said fluidic network;
introducing small volume liquid streams into said fluidic network via said inlet ports wherein said liquid streams are characterized as confluent and wherein said confluent liquid streams form said initially heterogeneous solution;
introducing an alternating current (A/C) electric field into said fluidic network via said electrodes; and
inducing an electrokinetic flow instability (EKI) in said initially heterogeneous solution with said A/C electric field, wherein said EKI, generated within a few seconds after application of said A/C electric field, essentially confined to a mixing chamber, and acting as an active stirring means, quickly produces a randomly fluctuating, three-dimensional fluid flow field enabling said rapid mixing thereby generating a homogeneous solution from said initially heterogeneous solution.
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Abstract
A novel electrokinetic instability (EKI) micromixer and method takes advantage of the EKI to effect active rapid stirring of confluent microstreams of biomolecules without moving parts or complex microfabrication processes. The EKI is induced using an alternating current (A/C) electric field. Within seconds, the randomly fluctuating, three-dimensional velocity field created by the EKI rapidly and effectively stirs an initially heterogeneous solution and generates a homogeneous solution that is useful in a variety of biochemical and bioanalytical systems. Microfabricated on a glass substrate, the inventive EKI micromixer can be easily and advantageously integrated in molecular diagnostics apparatuses and systems, such as a chip-based “Lab-on-a-Chip” microfluidic device.
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Citations
26 Claims
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1. An electrokinetic stirring method for rapid mixing of an initially heterogeneous solution whose motion is dominated by viscous forces, said method comprising the acts of:
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providing a fluidic network having a plurality of ports including at least two inlet ports and one outlet port, and a plurality of liquid channels connecting said plurality of ports; positioning two electrodes into ends of said liquid channels wherein said ends also act as inlet and outlet ports for said fluidic network; introducing small volume liquid streams into said fluidic network via said inlet ports wherein said liquid streams are characterized as confluent and wherein said confluent liquid streams form said initially heterogeneous solution; introducing an alternating current (A/C) electric field into said fluidic network via said electrodes; and inducing an electrokinetic flow instability (EKI) in said initially heterogeneous solution with said A/C electric field, wherein said EKI, generated within a few seconds after application of said A/C electric field, essentially confined to a mixing chamber, and acting as an active stirring means, quickly produces a randomly fluctuating, three-dimensional fluid flow field enabling said rapid mixing thereby generating a homogeneous solution from said initially heterogeneous solution. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14)
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15. An electrokinetic instability (EKI) micromixer, comprising:
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a fluidic network having a mixing chamber; a plurality of ports including at least two inlet ports, at least two side channel ports, and an outlet port; a plurality of liquid channels connecting said mixing chamber and said plurality of ports; at least two high flow resistance, porous, dielectric membranes; and an alternating current (A/C) voltage source for applying an A/C electric field via said channel ports, wherein during operation of said EKI micromixer said A/C electric field induces an electrokinetic flow instability (EKI) to effect rapid mixing of an initially heterogeneous solution in said mixing chamber, thereby generating a homogeneous solution from said initially heterogeneous solution. - View Dependent Claims (16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26)
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Specification