Method of storing and supplying hydrogen to a pipeline

• US 7,078,011 B2
• Filed: 03/30/2004
• Issued: 07/18/2006
• Est. Priority Date: 03/30/2004
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Praxair Technology Incorporated (Linde Plc)
• Original Assignee: Praxair Technology Incorporated (Linde Plc)
• Inventors: Corrao, Marianne, Morrow, Jeffrey M., Hylkema, Steven
• Primary Examiner(s): LANGEL, WAYNE A
• Application Number:
  US10/812,084
• Publication Number:
  US 20050220704A1
• Time in Patent Office: 840 Days
• Field of Search: 423/220, 423/648.1, 423/652, 423/230, 951/39
• US Class Current: 423/648.1
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2256/16 Hydrogen
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2257/11 Noble gases
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2257/304 Hydrogen sulfide
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2257/502 Carbon monoxide
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2257/504 Carbon dioxide
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2257/7025 Methane
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2257/80 Water
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2259/40007 Controlling pressure or temperature swing adsorption
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2259/40052 Recycled product or process gas
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2259/40081 Counter-current
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2259/4009 using hot gas
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/0462 Temperature swing adsorption
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/261 by adsorption
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/0233 the reforming step being a steam reforming step
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/04 containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/042 Purification by adsorption on solids
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/043 Regenerative adsorption process in two or more beds, one for adsorption, the other for regeneration
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/0475 the impurity being carbon dioxide
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/0485 the impurity being a sulfur compound
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/0495 the impurity being water
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/146 : At least two purification steps in series
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 2203/147 : Three or more purification steps in series
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 3/50 : Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification C01B3/14 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: C01B 3/56 : by contacting with solids; Regeneration of used solids C01B3/508 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y02C 20/20 : of methane
• CPC Class Codes: Y02C 20/40 : of CO2
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 20/151 : Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions, e.g. CO2
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 20/156 : Methane [CH4]
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 30/00 : Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry

Abstract

A method of storing and supplying a gaseous hydrogen product to a pipeline under a product purity specification in which a hydrogen stream made up of gaseous hydrogen is compressed to form a compressed hydrogen stream and introduced into a salt cavern for storage. A crude hydrogen stream, contaminated from storage in the salt cavern is recovered and purified by sufficiently removing at least carbon dioxide and water vapor to produce a hydrogen product stream having an impurity level at or below the product purity specification. The hydrogen product stream is supplied back to the pipeline. Alternatively, during periods of low demand, hydrogen produced by a production facility is both purified and supplied to the pipeline and stored in the salt cavern. During high demand period, both the output of the production facility and hydrogen retrieved from the salt cavern are purified and supplied to the pipeline.

Claims

1. A method of storing and supplying a gaseous hydrogen product to a pipeline under a product purity specification, having a pre-specifed hydrogen purity and an impurity level of impurities comprising carbon dioxide and water vapor, said method comprising:

compressing a hydrogen steam made up of gaseous hydrogen to form a compressed hydrogen stream;

introducing the compressed hydrogen stream into a salt cavern for storage of the gaseous hydrogen;

recovering a crude hydrogen stream from the salt cavern;

purifying the crude hydrogen stream by sufficiently removing at least the carbon dioxide and the water vapor from the crude hydrogen stream to at least in part produce a hydrogen product steam having the impurity level of the carbon dioxide and water vapor at or below the product purity specification; and

supplying the gaseous hydrogen product to the pipeline by introducing said hydrogen product stream into said pipeline.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein:

the gaseous hydrogen is produced by a hydrogen production facility having a hydrogen plant configured to produce the gaseous hydrogen with a higher impurity level of the carbon dioxide and the water vapor than the product purity specification and purification equipment configured to purify the gaseous hydrogen to directly produce the hydrogen product stream and to purify the crude hydrogen stream to produce the hydrogen product stream therefrom; and

when demand for the gaseous hydrogen product is below a production capacity of the hydrogen plant, the hydrogen product steam is formed by directly purifying part of the gaseous hydrogen without recovery of the crude hydrogen stream from the salt cavern and utilizing a remaining part of the gaseous hydrogen as the hydrogen steam for compression and storage in the salt cavern; and

when demand for the gaseous hydrogen product is above the production capacity of the hydrogen plant, the crude hydrogen stream is recovered from the salt cavern and purified to at least in part produce the product stream.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein:

the hydrogen stream is removed from the pipeline and stored within the salt cavern during periods of low demand for the hydrogen product; and

the hydrogen product stream is introduced into the pipeline during periods of high demand for the hydrogen product.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein:

the crude hydrogen stream is purified by also sufficiently removing hydrogen sulfide;

the impurities within the product purity specification comprise the hydrogen sulfide, the water vapor and the carbon dioxide;

water in a liquid state and other contaminants are removed from the crude hydrogen stream within a coalescing filter;

the hydrogen sulfide, the water vapor and the carbon dioxide are removed from the crude hydrogen stream after the coalescing filter by adsorption; and

the hydrogen sulfide is removed before the water vapor and the carbon dioxide.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein:

the hydrogen sulfide is removed within a hydrogen sulfide adsorption bed to form an intermediate product stream; and

the intermediate product stream is introduced into a system of adsorbent beds configured to remove the carbon dioxide and water in an alternating fashion such that one bed is online producing the hydrogen product stream while another bed is an off-line bed being regenerated through desorption.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein:

the system of adsorbent beds are operated in accordance with a temperature swing adsorption cycle;

a subsidiary hydrogen product stream is divided out of the hydrogen product stream and is heated;

the subsidiary hydrogen product stream is introduced into the off-line adsorbent bed, thereby to produce a regeneration stream containing desorbed impurities;

water is separated from the regeneration stream; and

after water separation, the regeneration stream is compressed and recycled back to the coalescing filter

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the hydrogen stream is compressed to about 2200 psig and the hydrogen product stream is reduced in pressure to between about 600 psig and about 800 psig.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the product purity specification of the hydrogen product stream is about 99.99 percent pure hydrogen containing less than about 100 ppmv nitrogen and argon, less than about 1 ppmv or carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, less than about 1 ppmv methane, less than about 1 ppmv water, and less than about 1 ppmv hydrogen sulfide.