Method and apparatus for starting power converters

• US 7,078,883 B2
• Filed: 04/07/2004
• Issued: 07/18/2006
• Est. Priority Date: 04/07/2004
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Board of Trustees of The University of Illinois
• Original Assignee: Board of Trustees of The University of Illinois
• Inventors: Chapman, Patrick, Kimball, Jonathan, Flowers, Theresa L., Krein, Philip T.
• Primary Examiner(s): HAN, YOUNGHUIE JESSICA
• Application Number:
  US10/819,709
• Publication Number:
  US 20050226011A1
• Time in Patent Office: 832 Days
• Field of Search: 323/222, 323/232, 323/282, 323/284, 323/290, 323/363, 323/901, 363/16, 363/21.01, 363/97, 363/98, 363/131, 363/132, 363/49
• US Class Current: 323/232
• CPC Class Codes: F02N 2011/0888 DC/DC converters
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 1/36 Means for starting or stopping converters
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 323/901 Starting circuits

Abstract

A startup circuit for starting a power converter for converting an input voltage to an output voltage includes a switch connected in series with a resistive element. The startup circuit is connected in parallel with a trigger switch in the power converter for enabling the power converter to generate the output voltage. When closed or activated, the switch in the startup circuit charges an energy storing device in the power converter. The energy storing device activates the trigger switch as the charge is released.

Claims

1. An apparatus for starting a power converter for converting an input voltage to an output voltage, the power converter having at least an energy storing device and a trigger switch for enabling the power converter to generate the output voltage, said apparatus comprising:

a first switch; and

a resistive element connected in series with said first switch;

wherein said first switch and said resistive element are connected in parallel with the trigger switch, the first switch charges the energy storing device when the first switch is closed, and the energy storing device activates the trigger switch as the charge on the energy storing device is released.

2. The apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein said first switch comprises a momentary switch.

3. The apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein said resistive element comprises a resistor.

4. The apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein said resistive element comprises a wire.

5. The apparatus as defined in claim 1, wherein the energy storing device discharges when the first switch is opened.

6. The apparatus as defined in claim 5, wherein said first switch and said resistive element are connected in series with the energy storing device.

7. A power converter for converting an input voltage to an output voltage, comprising:

an energy storing device arranged to be electrically connected to an input voltage source;

a first switch for activating the power converter to generate the output voltage;

a second switch electrically connected to said input voltage source; and

a first resistive element connected in series with said second switch;

wherein said second switch and said first resistive element are connected in parallel with the first switch, said second switch charges the energy storing device with the input voltage source when said second switch is closed, and said energy storing device activates said first switch as the charge is released.

8. The power converter as defined in claim 7, wherein said energy storing device comprises an inductor.

9. The power converter as defined in claim 7, wherein said first switch comprises a semiconductor switch.

10. The power converter as defined in claim 7, wherein said second switch comprises a momentary switch.

11. The power converter as defined in claim 7, wherein said first resistive element comprises a resistor having a resistive value which enables said energy storing device to be charged at least to a voltage level necessary to activate said first switch.

12. The power converter as defined in claim 11, further including a capacitor electrically connected to said first switch for generating the output voltage, and wherein an approximate value of said resistor is determined from equation,

$R=\sqrt{\frac{L}{C}}$

⁢

V i V o

where V_o is the desired output voltage, V_i is the input voltage, L is the inductance of the energy storing device and C is the capacitance of said capacitor.

13. The power converter as defined in claim 7, wherein said second switch and said first resistive element are connected in series with said energy storing device, and the charge on said energy storing device is released when said second switch is opened.

14. The power converter as defined in claim 7, wherein power converter converts a low input voltage to a higher output voltage.

15. The power converter as defined in claim 7, wherein said power converter comprises a boost converter.

16. The power converter as defined in claim 15, wherein said second switch and said first resistive element are connected in series with said energy storing device, and said second switch and said first resistive element are downstream of said energy storing device from the input voltage.

17. The power converter as defined in claim 7, wherein said power converter comprises a buck-boost converter.

18. The power converter as defined in claim 17, wherein said second switch and said first resistive element are connected in series with said energy storing device, and said energy storing device is downstream of said second switch and said first resistive element from the input voltage.

19. The power converter as defined in claim 7, wherein said power converter comprises a flyback converter.

20. The power converter as defined in claim 19, wherein said second switch and said first resistive element are connected in series with said energy storing device on a primary side of a power transformer of the flyback converter, and said energy storing device is downstream of said second switch and said first resistive element from the input voltage.

21. The power converter as defined in claim 7, wherein said power converter comprises a forward converter.

22. The power converter as defined in claim 21, wherein said second switch and said first resistive element are connected in series with said energy storing device on a primary side of a power transformer of the forward converter, and said second switch and said first resistive element are downstream of said energy storing device from the input voltage.

23. The power converter as defined in claim 7, further including,

a third switch, cooperatively with said first switch, for activating the power converter to generate the output voltage, and

a second resistive element electrically connected in series with a fourth switch,

wherein said second resistive element and said fourth switch are connected in parallel to said third switch.

24. The power converter as defined in claim 23, wherein said third switch comprises a semiconductor switch and said second resistive element comprises a resistor.

25. The power converter as defined in claim 23, wherein said second switch and said fourth switch electrically connect and disconnect said first and second resistive elements simultaneously to the input voltage source.

26. The power converter as defined in claim 23, wherein said power converter comprises a full-bridge forward converter.

27. The power converter as defined in claim 26, wherein said energy storing device is connected in series with said second switch and said first resistive element downstream thereof, and connected in series with said fourth switch and said second resistive element upstream thereof.

28. A method for starting a power converter for converting an input voltage to an output voltage, the power converter having at least an energy storing device and a trigger switch for activating the power converter to generate the output voltage, said method comprising:

connecting a startup circuit in parallel with the trigger switch and in electrical connection with the energy storing device;

activating said start circuit to charge the energy storing device to a predetermined voltage; and

deactivating said startup circuit to discharge the energy storing device;

wherein the discharge of the energy storing device activates the trigger switch.

29. The method as defined in claim 28 wherein said startup circuit includes a resistor connected in series with a momentary switch.

30. The method as defined in claim 29 wherein said resistor is selected to be a value which enables the energy storing device to be charged at least to a voltage level necessary to activate the trigger switch.

31. The method as defined in claim 30 wherein an approximate value of said resistor is determined from equation,

$R=\sqrt{\frac{L}{C}}$

⁢

V i V o

where V_o is the desired output voltage, V_i is the input voltage, L is the inductance of the energy storing device and C is the capacitance of a capacitor for generating the output voltage.