Acoustic detection of machinery malfunction

• US 7,091,832 B1
• Filed: 06/06/2003
• Issued: 08/15/2006
• Est. Priority Date: 06/14/2002
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Fonar Corporation
• Original Assignee: Fonar Corporation
• Inventors: Kelly, James J., Butterman, Jay A.
• Primary Examiner(s): GOINS, DAVETTA WOODS
• Application Number:
  US10/456,167
• Time in Patent Office: 1,166 Days
• Field of Search: 340/384.72, 340/384.1, 340/384.6, 340/505, 340/540, 340/541, 340/692, 340/384.5, 340/384.7, 381/94.5, 381/58, 381/59, 381/104, 700/94, 324/225
• US Class Current: 340/384.72
• CPC Class Codes: G08B 13/1672 using sonic detecting means, e.g. a microphone operating in the audio frequency range

Abstract

A sound variation indication apparatus includes a comparison element, an interval checker, and an indication generator. The comparison element receives an audio signal and compares it to a check value to provide a status signal indicating a presence and absence of an expected sound input. The interval checker detects the status signal at predetermined intervals, to provide an interval output. The indication generator generates an indication if the interval output is an absence representation. A process of generating an indication on absence of a sound input includes providing an audio signal based on a sound input and comparing the audio signal to a check value, providing a status signal indicating a presence and absence of the sound input. A status signal value is determined at predetermined intervals, to provide an interval output. An indication is generated if the interval output is an absence representation.

Claims

1. Sound variation indication apparatus, comprising:

a comparison element that receives an audio signal, compares the audio signal to a check value, and provides a status signal based on an outcome of the comparison, wherein the status signal indicates a presence and absence of the sound input as corresponding to the check value, respectively indicating a presence value and an absence value;

an interval checker that receives the status signal and determines a value of the status signal at predetermined intervals, to provide an interval output that is a presence representation if a presence value is determined during an interval and an absence representation if no presence value is determined during an interval; and

an indication generator that receives the interval output and generates an indication if the interval output is an absence representation.

2. The sound variation indication apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a sound transducer that provides the audio signal to the comparison element, based on a received sound input.

3. The sound variation indication apparatus of claim 2, wherein the sound transducer includes a microphone that receives the sound input and provides the audio signal.

4. The sound variation indication apparatus of claim 2, wherein the sound transducer includes

a microphone that receives the sound input and provides a corresponding electrical signal;

and

a conditioning element that receives the electrical signal and provides the audio signal.

5. The sound variation indication apparatus of claim 4, wherein the conditioning element is an amplifier that amplifies the electrical signal to provide the audio signal.

6. The sound variation indication apparatus of claim 4, wherein the conditioning element is a buffer that buffers the electrical signal to provide the audio signal.

7. The sound variation indication apparatus of claim 4, wherein the conditioning element is a filter that filters the electrical signal to provide the audio signal.

8. The sound variation indication apparatus of claim 1, wherein the comparison element is a comparator circuit and the check value is a voltage level corresponding to a level of the audio signal for an expected received sound input.

9. The sound variation indication apparatus of claim 8, wherein the status signal is a binary signal indicating the presence and absence of the expected received sound input.

10. The sound variation indication apparatus of claim 9, wherein the interval checker provides an interval output that is an absence representation if the status signal does not indicate the presence of the expected received sound input during the predetermined interval.

11. The sound variation indication apparatus of claim 10, wherein the interval checker is a retriggerable monostable multivibrator.

12. The sound variation indication apparatus of claim 10, wherein the voltage level of the check value corresponds to an amplitude of the expected received sound input.

13. The sound variation indication apparatus of claim 12, wherein the status signal is a pulse corresponding to occurrence of the received sound input.

14. The sound variation indication apparatus of claim 13, wherein the predetermined interval is based on a rate of recurrence of the expected received sound input.

15. The sound variation indication apparatus of claim 12, wherein the status signal is a periodic pulse corresponding to the expected received sound input.

16. The sound variation indication apparatus of claim 15, wherein the expected received sound input is an expected periodic sound input.

17. The sound variation indication apparatus of claim 15, wherein the predetermined interval is based on a frequency of the expected periodic sound input.

18. The sound variation indication apparatus of claim 1, wherein the indication generator generates the indication in the form of a state change.

19. The sound variation indication apparatus of claim 18, wherein the state change is a hardware state change.

20. The sound variation indication apparatus of claim 18, wherein the state change is a software state change.

21. The sound variation indication apparatus of claim 18, further including an alarm device that is actuated by the state change.

22. The sound variation indication apparatus of claim 21, wherein the alarm device is a sensory device.

23. The sound variation indication apparatus of claim 21, wherein the alarm device is a non-sensory hardware device.

24. The sound variation indication apparatus of claim 21, wherein the alarm device is a software device.

25. The sound variation indication apparatus of claim 1, wherein the indication generator is an alarm device.

26. The sound variation indication apparatus of claim 25, wherein the alarm device is a sensory device.

27. The sound variation indication apparatus of claim 25, wherein the alarm device is a non-sensory hardware device.

28. The sound variation indication apparatus of claim 25, wherein the alarm device is a software device.

29. The sound variation indication apparatus of claim 2, wherein the sound transducer is disposed proximate to a machine component that makes a repeated sound at regular intervals when functioning normally, and the sound transducer receives the repeated sound as the received sound input.

30. The sound variation indication apparatus of claim 29, wherein the machine component is a cryocooler.

31. The sound variation indication apparatus of claim 29, further including a machine component disposed proximate to the sound transducer, wherein the machine component makes a repeated sound at regular intervals when functioning normally, and the sound transducer receives the repeated sound as the received sound input.

32. The sound variation indication apparatus of claim 31, wherein the machine component is a cryocooler.

33. The sound variation indication apparatus of claim 2, further including acoustic insulation material disposed to at least partially isolate the sound transducer from ambient sound inputs to distinguish the received sound input.

34. The sound variation indication apparatus of claim 2, further including an acoustic insulation structure disposed to at least partially isolate the sound transducer from ambient sound inputs to distinguish the received sound input.

73. The sound variation indication apparatus of claim 1, wherein the status signal is binary.

74. The sound variation indication apparatus of claim 1, wherein the indication generator provides the indication to a user.

75. The sound variation indication apparatus of claim 1, wherein the indication generator generates an indication only if the interval output is an absence representation.

76. The sound variation indication apparatus of claim 1, wherein the comparison element compares an analog audio signal to a fixed check value, and provides a digital status signal.

77. The sound variation indication apparatus of claim 76, wherein the fixed check value is adjustable.

35. Sound variation indication apparatus, comprising:

a plurality of comparison elements that each receives one of a plurality of audio signals from a respective one of the plurality of sound transducers, wherein each of the plurality of comparison elements compares the received audio signal to a corresponding check value, and provides a respective status signal based on an outcome of the comparison, wherein each said status signal indicates a presence and absence of the respective sound input as corresponding to the check value, respectively indicating a presence value and an absence value;

a plurality of interval checkers that each receives the respective status signal and determines a value of the status signal at predetermined intervals, to provide a respective interval output that is a presence representation if a presence value is determined during an interval and an absence representation if no presence value is determined during an interval;

a summary status checker that receives the interval outputs and provides a summary status that has a first value if a number of interval outputs that are presence representations is at least a predetermined number, and that has a second value if the number of interval outputs that are presence representations is less than the predetermined number; and

an indication generator that receives the summary status and generates an indication if the summary status is the second value.

36. The sound variation indication apparatus of claim 35, further comprising a plurality of sound transducers that provide the respective audio signals to the plurality of comparison elements, based on respective received sound inputs.

37. The sound variation indication apparatus of claim 35, wherein the predetermined number is the same as the total number of interval outputs.

38. The sound variation indication apparatus of claim 37, wherein the summary status checker is a logic circuit that performs an AND operation on the interval outputs.

39. The sound variation indication apparatus of claim 37, wherein the summary status checker includes

a logic circuit that performs an AND operation on the interval outputs to provide a summary representation, and

a re-settable register that receives the summary representation and provides the corresponding summary status.

40. The sound variation indication apparatus of claim 39, wherein the re-settable register is a flip-flop circuit.

41. The sound variation indication apparatus of claim 39, wherein the summary status checker further includes a relay that actuates the indication generator if the summary status is the second value.

42. The sound variation indication apparatus of claim 37, wherein the summary status checker includes

a logic circuit that performs an AND operation on the interval outputs to provide a summary representation, and

a flip-flop circuit that receives the summary representation and processes the summary representation to provide the summary status.

43. The sound variation indication apparatus of claim 42, wherein the flip-flop circuit is re-settable.

44. The sound variation indication apparatus of claim 42, wherein the summary status checker further includes a relay that actuates the indication generator if the summary status is the second value.

45. A process of generating an indication on variation of a sound input, comprising:

providing an audio signal based on a received sound input;

comparing the audio signal to a check value;

providing a status signal based on an outcome of the comparison, wherein the status signal indicates a presence and absence of the sound input as corresponding to the check value, respectively indicating a presence value and an absence value;

determining a value of the status signal at predetermined intervals, to provide an interval output that is a presence representation if a presence value is determined during an interval and an absence representation if no presence value is determined during an interval; and

generating an indication if the interval output is an absence representation.

46. The process of claim 45, wherein the sound input is received by and the audio signal is provided by a microphone.

47. The process of claim 46, further including at least partially isolating the microphone from ambient sound inputs to distinguish the received sound input.

48. The sound variation indication apparatus of claim 47, wherein at least partially isolating the sound transducer includes disposing an acoustic insulation material around at least a portion of the microphone.

49. The sound variation indication apparatus of claim 47, wherein at least partially isolating the sound transducer includes disposing an acoustic insulation structure around at least a portion of the microphone.

50. The process of claim 46, further including disposing the microphone proximate to a machine component to receive the sound input, wherein the machine component makes a repeated sound at regular intervals when functioning normally, and the microphone receives the repeated sound as the received sound input.

51. The process of claim 50, wherein the machine component is a cryocooler.

52. The process of claim 45, wherein providing an audio signal based on a received sound input includes

receiving the sound input,

providing a corresponding electrical signal, and

conditioning the electrical signal to provide the audio signal.

53. The process of claim 52, wherein conditioning the electrical signal includes amplifying the electrical signal to provide the audio signal.

54. The process of claim 52, wherein conditioning the electrical signal includes buffering the electrical signal to provide the audio signal.

55. The process of claim 52, wherein conditioning the electrical signal includes filtering the electrical signal to provide the audio signal.

56. The process of claim 45, wherein comparing the audio signal to a check value includes providing the audio signal to a comparator circuit, which compares the audio signal to a voltage level corresponding to a level of the audio signal for an expected received sound input.

57. The process of claim 56, wherein the status signal is a binary signal indicating the presence and absence of the expected received sound input.

58. The process of claim 57, wherein determining a value of the status signal at predetermined intervals includes providing an interval output that is an absence representation if the status signal does not indicate the presence of the expected received sound input during the predetermined interval.

59. The process of claim 58, wherein determining a value of the status signal at predetermined intervals is performed by a retriggerable monostable multivibrator.

60. The process of claim 58, wherein the voltage level corresponds to an amplitude of the expected received sound input, the status signal is a pulse corresponding to occurrence of the received sound input, and the predetermined interval is based on a rate of recurrence of the expected received sound input.

61. The process of claim 58, wherein the voltage level corresponds to an amplitude of the expected received sound input, the status signal is a periodic pulse corresponding to the expected received sound input, which is an expected periodic sound input, and the predetermined interval is based on a frequency of the expected periodic sound input.

62. The process of claim 46, wherein generating an indication includes initiating a state change.

63. The process of claim 62, wherein the state change is a hardware state change.

64. The process of claim 62, wherein the state change is a software state change.

65. The process of claim 62, wherein initiating the state change includes generating an alarm.

66. The process of claim 65, wherein generating the alarm includes generating a sensory alarm.

67. The process of claim 65, wherein generating the alarm includes generating a non-sensory alarm.

68. The process of claim 67, wherein the non-sensory alarm is a software alarm.

69. The process of claim 45, wherein generating an indication includes generating an alarm.

70. The process of claim 69, wherein generating an alarm includes generating a sensory alarm.

71. The process of claim 69, wherein generating the alarm includes generating a non-sensory alarm.

72. The process of claim 71, wherein the non-sensory alarm is a software alarm.

78. The sound variation indication apparatus of claim 45, wherein the status signal is binary.

79. The sound variation indication apparatus of claim 45, wherein generating an indication includes providing the indication to a user.

80. The sound variation indication apparatus of claim 45, wherein the generating an indication if the interval output is an absence representation consists of generating an indication only if the interval output is an absence representation.

81. The sound variation indication apparatus of claim 45, wherein comparing an audio signal to a check value includes comparing an analog audio signal to a fixed check value, and providing a status signal includes providing a digital status signal.

82. The sound variation indication apparatus of claim 81, wherein the fixed check value is adjustable.