Well operations system

• US 7,093,660 B2
• Filed: 02/13/2003
• Issued: 08/22/2006
• Est. Priority Date: 06/01/1992
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Cooper Cameron Corporation (Schlumberger NV)
• Original Assignee: Cooper Cameron Corporation (Schlumberger NV)
• Inventors: Hopper, Hans Paul, Cassity, Thomas G.
• Primary Examiner(s): DANG, HOANG C
• Application Number:
  US10/366,173
• Publication Number:
  US 20030116327A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,286 Days
• Field of Search: 166/348, 166/368, 166/95.1, 166/88.4, 166/379, 166/89.1, 166/88.1
• US Class Current: 166/348
• CPC Class Codes: E21B 33/03 Well heads; Setting-up thereof
• CPC Class Codes: E21B 33/0353 Horizontal or spool trees, i.e. without production valves in the vertical main bore
• CPC Class Codes: E21B 33/043 specially adapted for underwater well heads E21B33/0407, E21B33/047 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: E21B 33/047 for plural tubing strings
• CPC Class Codes: E21B 34/02 in well heads

Abstract

A wellhead has, instead of a conventional Christmas tree, a spool tree in which a tubing hanger is landed at a predetermined angular orientation. As the tubing string can be pulled without disturbing the tree, many advantages follow, including access to the production casing hanger for monitoring production casing annulus pressure, and the introduction of larger tools into the well hole without breaching the integrity of the well.

Claims

1. An assembly for supporting tubing within a well having a wellhead housing and for selective use with a blowout preventer having a BOP bore comprising:

a subsea tree adapted for disposal below the blowout preventer and fixed and sealed to the wellhead housing, said subsea tree having a wall with a central bore therethrough and a first lateral port connected to a valve, said central bore having an internal surface and adapted to form a common passageway with the BOP bore;

a tubing hanger landed and sealed within said subsea tree at a predetermined angular position at which a second lateral port in said tubing hanger is in alignment with said first lateral port in said subsea tree, said tubing hanger supporting the tubing;

at least one vertical bore in said tubing hanger being sealed above said second lateral port by a sealing member, and said internal surface of said central bore through said subsea tree being sealed above said tubing hanger by an internal tree cap, said sealing member and internal tree cap being retrievable through the BOP bore;

a workover port extending through said wall of said subsea tree for selective fluid circulation with that portion of said common passageway below the BOP bore and above said tubing hanger; and

an annulus port extending through said wall of said subsea tree for selective fluid circulation with an annulus around the tubing, said workover and annulus ports being interconnected via a flow passageway having at least one valve.

2. The assembly of claim 1 wherein said internal tree cap includes an opening therethrough.

3. The assembly of claim 2 further includes means for opening and closing said opening.

4. The assembly of claim 3 wherein said means for opening and closing includes a plug.

5. The assembly of claim 3 wherein a circulation flow path is formed through said internal tree cap opening and said workover port for selective fluid circulation during workover.

6. The assembly of claim 1 wherein said internal tree cap is removable.

7. The assembly of claim 1 wherein said internal tree cap is a plug.

8. The assembly of claim 7 wherein said plug is an internal isolation stopper.

9. The assembly of claim 8 wherein said plug includes an opening.

10. The assembly of claim 9 wherein said opening is closed by an in situ wireline activated plug.

11. The assembly of claim 3 wherein said means for opening and closing is not a valve having a flow bore therethrough which is substantially the same size as the central bore through said subsea tree.

12. The assembly of claim 1 further including a production fluid flow passage, said production fluid flow passage extending through the tubing, through that tubing hanger portion of said at least one vertical bore of said tubing hanger below said sealing member, through said second lateral port, and through said first lateral port, said production fluid flow passage not including any internal valves.

13. The wellhead assembly of claim 1 further comprising a bypass flowpath extending from said annulus port, through said flow passageway and said workover port, to said central bore above said tubing hanger.

14. The wellhead assembly of claim 1, further comprising a crossover flowpath interconnecting said first lateral port and said flow passageway, said crossover flowpath having a crossover valve for controlling flow therethrough.

15. The wellhead assembly of claim 14 further comprising a first combined workover flowpath extending from said annulus port, through said flow passageway and said crossover flowpath, to said first lateral port.

16. The wellhead assembly of claim 14 further comprising a second combined workover flowpath extending from said workover port, through said flow passageway and said crossover flowpath, to said first lateral port.

17. The wellhead assembly of claim 1 wherein said central bore has an inside diameter substantially the same as the diameter of the BOP bore.

18. An assembly for supporting tubing within a well from a wellhead housing for selective use with a blowout preventer having a BOP bore comprising:

a subsea tree adapted for disposal below the blowout preventer and fixed and sealed to the wellhead housing, said subsea tree having a wall with a central bore therethrough and a first lateral port connected to a valve, said central bore having an internal surface and adapted to form a common passageway with the BOP bore;

a tubing hanger landed and sealed within said subsea tree at a predetermined angular position at which a second lateral port in said tubing hanger is in alignment with said first lateral port in said subsea tree, said tubing hanger supporting the tubing;

at least one vertical bore in said tubing hanger;

a workover port extending through said wall of said subsea tree for selective fluid circulation with that portion of said common passageway below the BOP bore and above said tubing hanger; and

an annulus port extending through said wall of said subsea tree for selective fluid circulation with an annulus around the tubing, said workover and annulus ports being interconnected via a flow passageway having at least one valve; and

further including a casing annulus passageway having an internal valve.

19. An assembly for supporting tubing within a well from a wellhead housing for selective use with a blowout preventer having a BOP bore comprising:

a subsea tree adapted for disposal below the blowout preventer and fixed and sealed to the wellhead housing said subsea tree having a wall with a central bore therethrough and a first lateral port connected to a valve, said central bore having an internal surface and adapted to form a common passageway with the BOP bore;

a tubing hanger landed and sealed within said subsea tube at a predetermined angular position at which a second lateral port in said tubing hanger is in alignment with said first lateral port in said subsea tree, said tubing hanger supporting the tubing;

at least one vertical bore in said tubing hanger;

a workover plot extending through said wall of said subsea tree for selective fluid circulation with that portion of said common passageway below the BOP bore and above said tubing hanger; and

an annulus port extending through said wall of said subsea tree for selective fluid circulation with an annulus around the tubing, said workover and annulus ports being interconnected via a flow passageway having at least one valve; and

further including a running tool supporting an internal tree cap, said internal tree cap having an opening therethrough and being received by said central bore above said tubing hanger.

20. The assembly of claim 19 wherein a circulation flowpath is formed through said running tool, said opening, said tubing hanger and the tubing for selective circulation downhole.

21. The assembly of claim 19 wherein said opening may opened and closed remotely.

22. The assembly of claim 19 further including a sealing member having seals therearound to sealingly engage said internal surface of said central bore through said subsea tree to seal said central bore above said tubing hanger.

23. The assembly of claim 22 wherein said sealing member has an aperture therethrough.

24. The assembly of claim 22 wherein said sealing member is removable through the BOP bore.

25. An assembly for supporting pipe in a well and for selective use with a blowout preventer having a BOP bore, the assembly for use with a subsea wellhead, the assembly comprising:

a mandrel adapted to be disposed below the blowout preventer and fixed and sealed to the wellhead said mandrel having a mandrel bore therethrough forming a mandrel wall with a mandrel lateral production passageway extending through said wall;

a hanger having a hanger bore and a hanger lateral production passageway, the hanger being landed within said mandrel bore with said hanger lateral production passageway being in flow communication with said mandrel lateral production passageway said hanger supporting the pipe and forming a pipe annulus;

hanger seals sealing between said mandrel wall and said hanger to form an upper mandrel bore portion, said upper mandrel bore portion being adapted to form a common passageway with the BOP bore said hanger seals sealing off said mandrel and hanger lateral production passageways from said common passageway;

a passageway in said mandrel wall extending from the pipe annulus to an opening in said mandrel wall;

an aperture in said mandrel wall to said upper mandrel bore portion; and

a circulation path extending from said opening in said mandrel wall to said aperture in said mandrel wall to said upper mandrel bore portion, said circulation path allowing selective fluid circulation between said pipe annulus and said common passageway;

a first plug removable through the BOP bore and received by said hanger bore to seal said hanger bore above said hanger lateral production passageway; and

further including a second plug removable through the BOP bore and received by said mandrel bore to seal said upper mandrel bore portion above said hanger seals.

26. The assembly of claim 25 wherein said first plug and said second plug are passable through the BOP bore.

27. The assembly of claim 25 said second plug includes external seals that sealingly engage said mandrel wall.

28. An assembly for supporting tubing within a well from a subsea wellhead for selective use with a blowout preventer having a BOP bore, the assembly comprising:

a mandrel adapted to be disposed below the blowout preventer and fixed and sealed to the wellhead, said mandrel having a mandrel vertical bore therethrough forming a mandrel wall with a mandrel lateral production passageway extending through said wall, said mandrel bore having an internal surface;

a tubing hanger having a hanger vertical bore and a hanger lateral production passageway, the hanger being landed within said mandrel vertical bore with said hanger lateral production passageway being in flow communication with said mandrel lateral production passageway, said hanger supporting the tubing forming a tubing annulus;

hanger seals sealing between said mandrel wall and said hanger to form a mandrel non-production flow bore above said hanger seals, said mandrel non-production flow bore being adapted to form a common passageway with the BOP bore, said hanger seals sealing off said mandrel and hanger lateral production passageways from said mandrel non-production flow bore and the common passageway;

a passageway in said mandrel wall extending from the pipe annulus to an opening in said mandrel wall below said hanger seals;

an aperture in said mandrel wall above said hanger seals to said mandrel non-production flow bore;

a circulation passageway extending from said opening in said mandrel wall below said hanger seals to said aperture in said mandrel wall above said hanger seals to said mandrel non-production flow bore, said circulation passageway allowing selective fluid circulation between said pipe annulus and said mandrel non-production flow bore and the common passageway;

a first plug removable through the BOP bore and sealing said hanger vertical bore above said hanger lateral production bore; and

a second plug removable through the BOP bore and sealing said mandrel non-production flow bore above said tubing hanger.

29. An apparatus for use selectively with a blowout preventer for controlling the flow of fluids in a well comprising:

a subsea tree adapted for disposal below the blowout preventer, said subsea tree having a central bore formed by a wall of said subsea tree and a production passageway, an annulus passageway, and a workover passageway in said wall, said workover passageway extending laterally into said central bore;

a production valve disposed with said subsea tree for controlling flow through said production passageway;

an annulus valve disposed with said subsea tree for selective fluid circulation downhole through said annulus passageway;

a workover valve disposed with said subsea tree for selective fluid circulation through said workover passageway;

a tubing hanger supported and sealed within said subsea tree and suspending tubing in the well, said tubing hanger and tubing having a flowbore and forming an annulus in the well, said tubing hanger having an aperture communicating said flowbore with said production passageway, and said annulus passageway communicating with said annulus;

said workover passageway in fluid communication with said subsea tree central bore above said tubing hanger;

said annulus passageway in fluid communication with said workover passageway;

said production passageway in fluid communication with said annulus passageway and workover passageway;

a crossover valve for controlling fluid flow between said production passageway and said annulus passageway or workover passageway; and

fluid circulation paths being formed between said subsea tree central bore, workover passageway, and annulus passageway to selectively circulate downhole using said tubing flowbore and tubing annulus.

30. The apparatus of claim 29 further including a production fluid isolation valve communicating with said production passageway and an annulus isolation valve communicating with said annulus passageway.

31. A method for controlling fluid flow in a well comprising:

suspending tubing from a tubing hanger;

supporting and sealing the tubing hanger within the bore of a subsea tree for selective disposal below a blowout preventer having a BOP bore;

forming a common flow passageway between the BOP bore and a portion of the subsea tree bore above the seals around the tubing hanger;

extending a tubular member into the BOP bore, attaching the tubular member to the tubing hanger, and closing the blowout preventer therearound;

forming a flowpath through the tubing and the tubular member, forming an annular area between the tubular member and the subsea tree in the common flow passageway and forming an annulus around the tubing below the tubing hanger;

forming a production passageway through the tubing, through a lateral port in the tubing hanger and through the wall of the subsea tree;

controlling flow through the production passageway by a production valve;

forming an annulus passageway from the annulus and through the wall of the subsea tree;

controlling flow through the annulus passageway by an annulus valve;

forming a workover passageway from the annular area between the tubular member and subsea tree and through the wall of the subsea tree;

controlling flow through the workover passageway;

providing fluid communication between the workover passageway and the annulus passageway;

forming a crossover fluid passageway between the production passageway and annulus passageway;

controlling flow through the crossover fluid passageway; and

circulating fluid downhole using the flowpath, tubing annulus, annulus passageway, workover passageway, and annular area.

32. The method of claim 31 further including flowing fluid downhole through the workover passageway, the crossover passageway, and the production passageway.

33. A method for controlling fluid flow in a well comprising:

suspending tubing from a tubing hanger;

supporting and sealing the tubing hanger within the bore of a subsea tree for selective disposal below a blowout preventer having a BOP bore;

forming a common flow passageway between the BOP bore and a portion of the subsea tree bore above the tubing hanger;

forming a flowbore through the tubing and an annulus around the tubing below the tubing hanger;

forming a production passageway from the flowbore, through a lateral port in the tubing hanger and through the wall of the subsea tree;

controlling flow through the production passageway by a production valve;

forming an annulus passageway from the annulus and through the wall of the subsea tree;

controlling flow through the annulus passageway by an annulus valve;

installing a tubing hanger closure member in the tubing hanger above the production passageway;

installing an internal tree cap within the portion of the subsea tree bore above the tubing hanger;

forming a workover passageway through the wall of the subsea tree from the bore of the subsea tree above the tubing hanger and between the tubing hanger sealing member and internal tree cap;

controlling flow through the workover passageway;

forming a crossover fluid passageway between the production passageway and annulus passageway;

controlling flow through the crossover fluid passageway;

providing fluid communication between the workover passageway and the crossover fluid passageway; and

flowing fluid through the production passageway, through the crossover passageway and into the workover passageway between the tubing hanger sealing member and the internal tree cap.

34. An assembly for use selectively with a blowout preventer for operating a subsea well, comprising:

a subsea tree adapted for disposal below the blowout preventer and having a central bore therethrough, a portion of said central bore being formed by an internal generally vertical wall surface, said internal generally vertical wall surface having an opening therein;

a tubing hanger assembly mounted and sealed in a predetermined angular position within said central bore of said subsea tree and suspending tubing within the well, said tubing hanger assembly and tubing forming a central passageway therethrough and an annulus around the tubing below the tubing hanger;

a production passageway extending from said central passageway of said tubing hanger assembly into said wall of said subsea tree;

an annulus passageway extending from said annulus around the tubing below the tubing hanger and into said wall of said subsea tree;

a workover passageway extending from said opening in said central bore and into said subsea tree, said opening in fluid communication with said central bore above the tubing hanger; and

said annulus passageway and workover passageway being in fluid communication through a flowpath to selectively circulate downhole from said central bore of said subsea tree through said workover passageway and annulus passageway with flow through said tubing hanger assembly annulus and central passageway of said tubing hanger assembly.

35. The assembly of claim 34 further comprising an internal tree cap sealingly disposed within said central bore of said subsea tree to control flow through said central bore.

36. An assembly for use selectively with a blowout preventer having a BOP bore for operating a subsea well, comprising:

a subsea tree adapted for disposal below the blowout preventer and having a generally cylindrical wall forming a central bore therethrough, a portion of said central bore being adapted to form a flow passageway with the BOP bore;

a tubing hanger assembly mounted and sealed within said central bore of said subsea tree and suspending tubing within the well, said tubing hanger and tubing forming a central passageway in fluid communication with said central bore of said subsea tree above said tubing hanger assembly and forming an annulus around the tubing below the tubing hanger;

a production passageway extending from said central passageway of said tubing hanger assembly into said wall of said subsea tree;

an annulus passageway extending from said annulus around the tubing below the tubing hanger and into said wall of said subsea tree;

a workover passageway extending from said portion of said central bore of said subsea tree and into said subsea tree wall for fluid communication with said portion of said subsea tree central bore above said tubing hanger;

said annulus passageway and workover passageway being in fluid communication through a flowpath outside of said central bore of said subsea tree;

a sealing member mounted within said central passageway of said tubing hanger assembly to control flow through said central passageway and through said central bore of said subsea tree; and

a sealing member sealed and locked internally of said portion of said central bore above said tubing hanger assembly.

37. A wellhead assembly for supporting tubing in a well having a wellhead and for use selectively with a blowout preventer having a BOP bore, the wellhead assembly comprising:

a subsea tree adapted for disposal below the blowout preventer and fixed and sealed to the wellhead housing, said subsea tree having a wall with a central bore therethrough and at least a first lateral production fluid outlet port connected to a valve, a portion of said central bore being adapted to form a common passageway with the BOP bore;

a tubing hanger supporting the tubing and landed and sealed within said subsea tree at a predetermined angular position at which a second lateral production fluid outlet port in said tubing hanger is in alignment with said first lateral production fluid outlet port in said subsea;

at least one vertical production fluid bore in said tubing hanger being sealed above said second lateral production fluid outlet port by a sealing member, and said portion of said central bore through said subsea tree being internally sealed above said tubing hanger by an internal tree cap removable through the BOP bore;

a workover port extending at least partially through said wall of said subsea tree from an area in said portion of said central bore between said sealing member and internal tree cap; and

a tubing annulus fluid port extending at least partially through said wall of said subsea tree from an annulus formed around the tubing;

said workover and tubing annulus ports in said subsea tree being interconnected via a passageway having at least one valve.

38. A tree system for use selectively with a blowout preventer having a BOP bore for a subsea well, comprising:

a subsea tree having a bore therethrough, a portion of said bore being adapted to form a flow passageway with the BOP bore upon installing the blowout preventer above said subsea tree;

a tubing hanger suspending tubing and supported by said subsea tree, seals sealing between said tubing hanger and said subsea tree, said tubing hanger and tubing having an internal production bore extending downwardly into the well and forming a tubing annulus extending downwardly into the well;

said subsea tree and tubing hanger forming a lateral production flowpath in fluid communication with said internal production bore and having a production control valve for opening and closing said lateral production flowpath to control flow therethrough;

said subsea tree forming an annulus flowpath in fluid communication with said tubing annulus and having an annulus control valve controlling flow therethrough;

said subsea tree having a workover flowpath through the wall of the subsea tree communicating with said portion of said subsea tree bore above said seals and having a workover valve controlling flow therethrough;

a circulation flowpath being formed through said internal production bore of said tubing hanger with said lateral production flowpath closed and through said tubing annulus to selectively circulate fluid downhole using said internal production bore and said tubing annulus; and

said internal production bore above said lateral production flowpath being adapted for isolation from said subsea tree bore portion.

39. The tree system of claim 38, further comprising:

a sealing member mounted in said tubing hanger; and

,

an internal tree cap sealably mounted completely internal of said portion of said bore of said subsea tree.

40. The tree system of claim 39, wherein a fluid passageway is formed above said sealing member for selective fluid circulation.

41. The tree system of claim 39, further including a first external flowpath with a tubing annulus valve for controlling flow therethrough, a second external flowpath with a production fluid isolation valve for controlling flow therethrough, and a fluid passageway formed between said first and second external flowpaths by said annulus flowpath, tubing annulus, production bore, and production flowpath.

42. A tree system for a subsea well having a wellhead and for use selectively with a blowout preventer having a BOP bore with a tubular member extending through the BOP bore and having a fluid bore, comprising:

a subsea tree for installation on the wellhead, said subsea tree having a wall with a bore therethrough, a portion of said bore being adapted to form a flow passageway with the BOP bore upon installation of the blowout preventer above said subsea tree;

a tubing hanger suspending tubing and supported by said subsea tree, seals sealing between said tubing hanger and said subsea tree, said tubing hanger and tubing having an internal production bore and forming a tubing annulus extending downwardly into the well, said internal production bore adapted for connection with the tubular member for fluid communication with the fluid bore of the tubular member;

said subsea tree and tubing hanger forming a lateral production flowpath in fluid communication with said internal production bore and having a production control valve controlling flow therethrough;

said subsea tree forming an annulus flowpath in fluid communication with said tubing annulus and having an annulus control valve controlling flow therethrough;

said subsea tree having a workover flowpath through the wall of the subsea tree communicating with said portion of said subsea tree bore above said seals and having a workover valve controlling flow therethrough;

a circulation flowpath being formed upon establishing fluid communication between said internal production bore of said tubing hanger and tubing and fluid bore of said tubular member, said circulation flowpath allowing flow through said internal production bore of said tubing hanger and tubing and fluid bore of said tubular member and through said annulus and annulus flowpath for selective fluid circulation through said circulation flowpath;

a workover/annulus flow connection interconnecting said workover flowpath and said annulus flowpath for selective fluid circulation downhole through said circulation flowpath and said workover flowpath to an annular area formed between the tubular member and subsea tree bore.

43. The tree system of claim 42 further comprising a bypass flowpath extending from said annulus flowpath, through said workover/annulus flow connection and said workover flowpath, to said portion of said subsea tree bore.

44. The tree system of claim 42, further comprising a crossover flowpath interconnecting said production flowpath and said workover/annulus flow connection, said crossover flowpath having a crossover valve for controlling flow therethrough.

45. The tree system of claim 44 further comprising a first combined workover flowpath extending from said annulus flowpath, through said workover/annulus flow connection and said crossover flowpath, to said production flowpath.

46. The tree system of claim 44 further comprising a second combined workover flowpath extending from said workover flowpath, through said workover/annulus flow connection and said crossover flowpath, to said production flowpath.

47. A tree system for a wellhead for the completion and work-over of a subsea well from the sea surface, comprising:

a subsea tree having a bore and for installation on the wellhead;

a tubing hanger suspending tubing and supported by said subsea tree, seals sealing between said tubing hanger and said subsea tree, said tubing having an internal production bore and forming a tubing annulus extending downwardly into the well;

said subsea tree and tubing hanger forming a production flowpath in fluid communication with said internal production bore and having a production control valve controlling flow therethrough;

said subsea tree forming an annulus flowpath in fluid communication with said tubing annulus and having an annulus control valve controlling flow therethrough;

a blowout preventer having a BOP bore and a member for closing said BOP bore, a portion of said subsea tree bore adapted to form a flow passageway with said BOP bore;

said subsea tree having a workover flowpath communicating with said subsea tree bore portion above said seals and below said BOP bore and having a workover valve controlling flow therethrough;

choke and kill lines connected to said blowout preventer for communicating said BOP bore with the surface; and

a tubular member extending to the surface and in fluid communication with said tubing hanger, said tubular member forming a common bore communicating with said internal production bore for selective fluid circulation downhole using said internal production bore and tubing annulus in conjunction with at least one of said choke and kill lines extending from the BOP to the surface.

48. The tree system of claim 47, wherein one of said choke and kill lines forms a passageway from the surface to said BOP bore above said tubing hanger.

49. The tree system of claim 47 further comprising a workover/annulus flow path for fluid communication between said workover flowpath and said annulus flowpath for selective fluid communication.

50. The tree system of claim 47, further comprising a crossover flowpath interconnecting said production flowpath and said annulus flowpath, said crossover flowpath having a crossover valve for controlling flow therethrough.

51. A tree system for a wellhead for the completion and work-over of a subsea well from the sea surface, comprising:

a subsea tree having a bore and for installation on the wellhead;

a tubing hanger suspending tubing and supported by said subsea tree, seals sealing between said tubing hanger and said subsea tree, said tubing having an internal production bore and forming a tubing annulus extending downwardly into the well;

said subsea tree and tubing hanger forming a production flowpath in fluid communication with said internal production bore and having a production control valve controlling flow therethrough;

said subsea tree forming an annulus flowpath in fluid communication with said tubing annulus and having an annulus control valve controlling flow therethrough;

a drilling blowout preventer having a BOP bore and a member for closing said BOP bore, a portion of said subsea tree bore adapted to form a flow passageway with said BOP bore;

said subsea tree having a workover flowpath communicating with said subsea tree bore portion above said seals and below said BOP bore and having a workover valve controlling flow therethrough;

choke and kill lines connected to said drilling blowout preventer for communicating said BOP bore with the surface;

a pipe string extending to the surface and in fluid communication with said tubing hanger, said pipe string forming a common bore communicating with said internal production bore;

said workover flowpath being in fluid communication with said annulus flowpath; and

a plurality of fluid passageways to the surface being formed by said common bore, production bore, tubing annulus, annulus flowpath, workover flowpath, BOP bore, and one of said choke and kill lines.

52. A tree system for a wellhead for the completion and work-over of a subsea well, the tree system being adapted for connection to a drilling blowout preventer having a BOP bore and a member for closing the BOP bore, the drilling blowout preventer being connected to choke and kill lines extending from the BOP bore to the sea surface, the BOP bore receiving a pipe string having a pipe string flow bore extending to the sea surface and the member closing against the pipe string to form an annular bore, the tree system comprising:

a subsea tree having a bore and for installation on the wellhead;

a tubing hanger suspending tubing and supported by said subsea tree, seals sealing between said tubing hanger and said subsea tree, said tubing having an internal production bore and forming a tubing annulus extending downwardly into the well;

said subsea tree and tubing hanger forming a production flowpath in fluid communication with said internal production bore and having a production control valve controlling flow therethrough;

said subsea tree forming an annulus flowpath in fluid communication with said tubing annulus and having an annulus control valve controlling flow therethrough;

a portion of said subsea tree bore being adapted to form a flow passageway with the annular bore;

said subsea tree having a workover flowpath extending from said subsea tree bore portion above said seals and below said BOP bore to said tubing annulus and having a workover valve controlling flow therethrough;

said workover flowpath being in fluid communication with said annulus flowpath;

said tubing hanger being adapted for fluid communication with the pipe string flow bore whereby the pipe string flow bore communicates with said internal production bore;

a crossover flowpath interconnecting said production flowpath and said annulus flowpath, said crossover flowpath having a crossover valve for controlling flow therethrough; and

said pipe string flow bore, internal production bore, tubing annulus, workover flowpath, flow passageway and one of the choke and kill lines being adapted for selective fluid circulation.

53. A tree system for a wellhead for the completion and work-over of a subsea well, the tree system being adapted for connection to a drilling blowout preventer having a BOP bore and a member for closing the BOP bore, the drilling blowout preventer being connected to choke and kill lines extending from the BOP bore to the sea surface, the BOP bore receiving a pipe string having a pipe string flow bore extending to the sea surface and the member closing against the pipe string to form an annular bore, the tree system comprising:

a subsea tree having a bore and for installation on the wellhead;

a tubing hanger suspending tubing and supported by said subsea tree, seals sealing between said tubing hanger and said subsea tree, said tubing having an internal production bore and forming a tubing annulus extending downwardly into the well;

said subsea tree and tubing hanger forming a production flowpath in fluid communication with said internal production bore and having a production control valve controlling flow therethrough;

said subsea tree forming an annulus flowpath in fluid communication with said tubing annulus and having an annulus control valve controlling flow therethrough;

a portion of said subsea tree bore being adapted to form a flow passageway with the annular bore;

said subsea tree having a workover flowpath extending from said subsea tree bore portion above said seals and below said BOP bore to said tubing annulus and having a workover valve controlling flow therethrough;

said workover flowpath being in fluid communication with said annulus flowpath;

said tubing hanger being adapted for fluid communication with the pipe string flow bore whereby the pipe string flow bore communicates with said internal production bore;

a crossover flowpath interconnecting said production flowpath and said annulus flowpath, said crossover flowpath having a crossover valve for controlling flow therethrough; and

a fluid passageway being formed by one of said choke and kill lines, flow passageway, workover flowpath, tubing annulus, internal production bore, and pipe string flow bore.

54. A tree system for a wellhead for the completion and work-over of a subsea well, comprising:

a subsea tree having a bore and for installation on the wellhead;

a tubing hanger suspending tubing and supported by said subsea tree, seals sealing between said tubing hanger and said subsea tree, said tubing having an internal production bore and forming a tubing annulus extending downwardly into the well;

said subsea tree and tubing hanger forming a production flowpath in fluid communication with said internal production bore and having a production control valve controlling flow therethrough;

said subsea tree forming an annulus flowpath in fluid communication with said tubing annulus and having an annulus control valve controlling flow therethrough;

a drilling blowout preventer having a BOP bore and a member for closing said BOP bore, a portion of said subsea tree bore adapted to form a flow passageway with said BOP bore;

said subsea tree having a workover flowpath communicating with said subsea tree bore portion above said seals and below said BOP bore and having a workover valve controlling flow therethrough;

choke and kill lines connected to said drilling blowout preventer for communicating said BOP bore with the surface;

a pipe string extending to the surface and in fluid communication with said tubing hanger, said pipe string forming a common bore communicating with said internal production bore;

said workover flowpath being in fluid communication with said annulus flowpath; and

said member being closed around said pipe string;

a fluid passageway extending from the surface to the BOP bore through one of said choke and kill lines, and

another fluid passageway extending from the surface through said common bore, internal production bore, tubing annulus, annulus flowpath, and workover flowpath to the BOP bore, and the other of said choke and kill lines extending from the BOP bore to the surface.

55. An assembly for use selectively with a blowout preventer having a BOP bore for operating a subsea well, comprising:

a subsea body adapted for disposal below the blowout preventer and having a generally cylindrical internal wall forming a subsea body central bore therethrough, a portion of said central bore being adapted to form a flow passageway with the BOP bore;

a tubing hanger assembly mounted in said subsea body central bore and having a central passageway with a production passageway extending from said tubing hanger central passageway, an annulus being formed around said tubing hanger assembly;

tubing hanger assembly seals sealing between said cylindrical internal wall and said tubing hanger assembly;

said internal wall of said subsea body having a production port in fluid communication with said production passageway, an annulus port in fluid communication with said annulus, and a workover port extending laterally from an opening in said internal wall and in fluid communication with said portion of said subsea body central bore above said production passageway; and

said annulus port and said workover port being in fluid communication externally of said subsea body central bore to form a circulation path to selectively circulate between the annulus and said portion of said central bore.

56. A wellhead system comprising:

a wellhead;

an inner casing suspended within said wellhead and forming a casing annulus with an outer casing;

a mandrel disposed on said wellhead and having a bore therethrough;

tubing insertable through said bore and suspended within said mandrel and said inner casing, said tubing having a flowbore and forming a tubing annulus with said inner casing;

a first valve on said mandrel for controlling flow through said tubing flowbore;

a second valve on said mandrel for controlling flow through said casing annulus;

a flow passageway from said casing annulus to said bore; and

a valve member disposed in said flow passageway for controlling flow through said casing annulus.

57. An assembly for a subsea well, comprising:

a subsea tree having a generally cylindrical internal wall forming an internal bore therethrough and a production port extending laterally through said wall in communication with said internal bore,

said internal wall including a landing arranged to support a tubing hanger, with said production port arranged in use to communicate with a lateral production fluid outlet port in the tubing hanger, said tubing hanger having seals for sealing said production port in use between the tubing hanger and the internal wall;

a workover port extending laterally from an opening in said internal wall above said production port said opening of said workover port in said internal wall being located in use above said seals;

a tubing annulus port extending from an opening in said subsea tree below said production port; and

said tubing annulus port and workover port being arranged to be in fluid communication externally of said internal bore.

58. The assembly according to claim 57, wherein said internal wall includes a profile above said production port arranged to receive an internal tree cap.

59. The assembly according to claim 57, wherein said subsea tree includes a profile adjacent one end of said internal bore arranged to receive a closure cap.

60. The assembly according to claim 57, wherein said tubing annulus port and said workover port are in communication with said internal bore via an external loop line.

61. The assembly according to claim 57, wherein said internal wall includes a landing shoulder arranged to support an orientation member.

62. The assembly according to claim 57, further including a tubing hanger and production tubing, the tubing hanger having a production bore in communication with the production tubing, with said lateral production port extending from said tubing hanger production bore, said production tubing forming a tubing annulus therearound, and said tubing annulus port being in fluid communication with the production tubing annulus, whereby a flowpath is formed from said opening of said workover port, through said workover port and said tubing annulus port to said production tubing annulus.

63. The assembly according to claim 57, further including a blowout preventer having a BOP bore and a member for closing the BOP bore with said subsea tree arranged below the blowout preventer and a portion of said internal bore of said subsea tree being arranged to form a flow passageway with the BOP bore.

64. The assembly according to claim 63, wherein said subsea tree is arranged to receive a tool through the flow passageway for connection to the tubing hanger for flow communication to the surface.

65. The assembly according to claim 63, wherein the internal wall is arranged to form an annular area around the tool upon closing the BOP bore, allowing selective fluid circulation through the annular area.

66. The assembly according to claim 65, wherein the blowout preventer has choke and kill lines communicating the BOP bore with the surface;

a first flow path being arranged from the surface through tool, tubing hanger, and production tubing; and

a second flow path being arranged through the production tubing annulus, tubing annulus port, workover port, annular area and the choke and kill lines to the surface.

67. The assembly according to claim 57, further comprising a wellhead housing;

said subsea tree body being fixed and sealed to the housing and said internal bore communicating with at least said production port connected to a valve; and

a tubing hanger landed within the subsea tree at a predetermined angular position at which a lateral production port in the tubing hanger is in alignment with the production port in the subsea tree;

wherein at least one vertical production bore in the tubing hanger is sealed above the respective production port by a sealing member, and said workover port extends laterally through the wall of the subsea tree from above the sealing member.

68. The assembly according to claim 67, further including a further sealing member sealing the internal bore above the tubing hanger.

69. The assembly according to claim 68 wherein the sealing member is a wireline plug and the further sealing member is a stopper which contains at least one opening closed by a wireline plug.

70. The assembly according to claim 69 wherein the workover port extends laterally through the wall of the subsea tree between the sealing members.

71. A horizontal tree assembly for supporting a production tubing string within a well, the tree assembly adapted for use with a pipe string for fluid communication with the tree assembly, the tree assembly comprising:

a production member defining a production member central bore for receiving therein a tubing hanger and a production member production passageway extending laterally from the production member central bore to a production valve;

the tubing hanger sealed to the production member and adapted for supporting the production tubing string therefrom, the tubing hanger having a tubing hanger bore in fluid communication with the production tubing string and a tubing hanger production passageway extending laterally from the tubing hanger bore for fluid communication with the lateral production passageway in the production member;

an annulus port extending laterally through the production member and in fluid communication with an annulus about the production tubing string;

an annulus valve for controlling fluid flow through the annulus port;

a workover flow path spaced from the tubing hanger bore and extending through the tubing hanger, the workover flow path communicating the production member central bore below the tubing hanger with the production member central bore above the tubing hanger, thereby providing fluid communication between an annulus surrounding the pipe string and the annulus surrounding the production tubing string; and

a workover valve positioned along the workover flow path for controlling fluid flow between the production member central bore above the tubing hanger and the annulus surrounding the production tubing string below the tubing hanger,

a first closure member within the bore in the tubing hanger;

a second closure member positioned above the first closure member; and

wherein the first and second closure members are passable through the production member central bore.

72. An apparatus for use selectively with a blowout preventer and a subsea wellhead for controlling the flow of fluids in a subsea well and with a pipe string extending from the blowout preventer to the sea surface and tubing extending down into the subsea well, the pipe string and tubing each having a flowbore, the apparatus comprising:

a production member adapted for disposal between the subsea wellhead and the blowout preventer, the production member having a production member central bore formed by a wall of the production member and a production member production passageway and a production member annulus passageway, the production member annulus passageway extending laterally into the production member central bore;

a production valve disposed with the production member for controlling flow through the production member production passageway;

an annulus valve disposed with the production member for selective fluid flow through the production member annulus passageway;

a tubing hanger supported and sealed within the production member and suspending the tubing in the subsea well, the tubing hanger having a tubing hanger flowbore and the tubing forming a tubing annulus in the subsea well, the tubing hanger having a tubing hanger production passageway communicating the tubing hanger flowbore with the production member production passageway;

the production member annulus passageway communicating with the tubing annulus;

a workover flow path communicating the production member central bore extending below the tubing hanger with the production member central bore extending above the tubing hanger, thereby providing fluid communication between the tubing annulus and an annulus surrounding the pipe string;

the workover flow path passing through an aperture in the tubing hanger;

a workover valve disposed within the workover flow path for selective fluid circulation through the workover flow path;

a crossover flow path providing flow communication between the production member production passageway and the production member annulus passageway;

a crossover valve for controlling fluid flow through the crossover flow path; and

fluid circulation paths being formed between the production member central bore and workover flow path to selectively circulate downhole using the tubing flowbore and tubing annulus.

73. The apparatus of claim 72 wherein the tubing hanger is mounted in a predetermined angular position within the central bore of the production member.

74. The apparatus of claim 72 further including a first flowpath extending through the pipe string and the flowbore of the tubing hanger and tubing and a second flowpath extending through the tubing annulus, the workover flow path, and the pipe string annulus to selectively circulate downhole.

75. The apparatus of claim 72 further including

a first closure member mounted within the flow bore of the tubing hanger to control flow through the central bore of the production member;

and

a second closure member sealed and locked internally of the portion of the production member central bore above the tubing hanger.

76. A tree assembly as defined in claim 75 wherein the first and second closure members are passable through the production member central bore.

77. The apparatus of claim 72 further including a circulation flowpath formed through the tubing hanger flowbore with the production member production passageway closed and through the tubing annulus to selectively circulate fluid downhole using the tubing hanger flowbore and the tubing annulus;

and

the tubing hanger flowbore above the production member production passageway being adapted for isolation from the production member central bore above the production member production passageway.

78. The apparatus of claim 72 further including a circulation flowpath being formed upon establishing fluid communication between the tubing hanger and tubing flowbore and the pipe fluid bore, the circulation flowpath allowing flow through the tubing hanger and tubing flowbore and pipe bore and through the tubing annulus and production member annulus passageway for selective fluid circulation through the circulation flowpath.

79. A tree system for a wellhead for the completion and work-over of a subsea well, the tree system being adapted for connection to a blowout preventer having a BOP bore and a closure member for closing the BOP bore, the blowout preventer being connected to choke and kill lines extending from the BOP bore to the sea surface, the BOP bore receiving a tubular member extending to the sea surface and the closure member closing against the tubular member to form an annular bore, the tree system comprising:

a subsea tree having a bore adapted for installation on the wellhead;

a tubing hanger suspending tubing and supported by the subsea tree, seals sealing between the tubing hanger and the subsea tree, the tubing having an internal production bore and forming a tubing annulus extending downwardly into the well;

the subsea tree and tubing hanger forming a production flowpath in fluid communication with the tubing internal production bore and having a production control valve controlling flow therethrough;

the subsea tree forming an annulus flowpath in fluid communication with the tubing annulus and having an annulus control valve controlling flow therethrough;

a portion of the subsea tree bore being adapted to form a common flow passageway with the annular bore;

a workover flowpath extending from that portion of the subsea tree bore above the seals with that portion of the subsea tree bore below the seals and having a workover valve controlling flow therethrough; and

said tubing hanger being adapted for fluid communication with the tubular member, the tubing internal production bore being adapted to form a common bore with the tubular member for selective fluid circulation downhole using the tubing internal production bore and tubing annulus in conjunction with at least one of the choke and kill lines extending from the BOP to the surface.

80. The tree system of claim 79 further including a fluid passageway to the surface being formed by the tubular member bore, tubing internal production bore, tubing annulus, workover flowpath, BOP bore, and one of the choke and kill lines.

81. The tree system of claim 79 further including

a crossover flowpath interconnecting the tubing hanger and subsea tree production flowpath and an annulus passage in the subsea tree, the crossover flowpath having a crossover valve for controlling flow therethrough;

and

a fluid passageway being formed by the work string bore, tubing internal production bore, tubing annulus, annulus passage, crossover flowpath, and production flowpath.

82. The tree system of claim 79 wherein the BOP member is closed around the tubular member and further comprising a fluid passageway extending from the surface to the BOP bore through one of the choke and kill lines, another fluid passageway extending from the surface through the tubular member bore, tubing internal production bore, tubing annulus, workover flowpath to the BOP bore, and the other of the choke and kill lines extending from the BOP bore to the surface.

83. An apparatus for controlling the flow of fluids between the sea surface and a subsea well having a subsea wellhead suspending a casing at the subsea floor, comprising:

a subsea production member adapted to be removably disposed on the subsea wellhead by a subsea connector and having a bore forming a wall of the subsea production member, the wall having a lateral production port and at least one lateral annulus port therethrough, the lateral annulus port communicating with the surface;

a tubing hanger suspending tubing and supported within the bore of the production member the tubing hanger having a production aperture forming a tubing hanger wall and at least one access aperture extending from a lower end of the tubing hanger and into the tubing hanger wall;

the tubing having a flowbore and adapted to form a tubing annulus with the casing, the lateral annulus port communicating the tubing annulus with the surface;

the tubing hanger production aperture providing fluid communication between the tubing hanger flowbore and the production member lateral production port; and

the tubing hanger access aperture forming at least a portion of a flow path providing flow communication between the tubing annulus and the production member bore above the tubing hanger; and

further including a running tool connected to a pipe string for providing flow communication with the surface, the running tool being connected in flow communication with the tubing hanger and the running tool forming an annulus with the subsea production member.

84. The apparatus of claim 83 further including a blowout preventer having rams and a choke and kill line port in a wall of the blowout preventer, the choke and kill line port being connected to a choke or kill line extending to the surface.

85. The apparatus of claim 84 wherein the running tool annulus and choke or kill line are in flow communication with the tubing hanger access aperture to extend the flow path from the tubing annulus to the surface.

86. The apparatus of claim 84 further including

a first fluid flow path extending from the subsea well and through the tubing, the tubing hanger production aperture, running tool and pipe string;

a second fluid flow path extending from the subsea well and through the tubing annulus, the tubing hanger access aperture, the running tool annulus, the choke and kill line port and the choke or kill line to the surface; and

circulating fluids from the tubing annulus to the surface through the second fluid flow path.

87. An apparatus for controlling fluid flow between the sea surface and a subsea well having a subsea wellhead supporting a casing string at the subsea floor, comprising:

a first hanger suspended by the subsea wellhead at the subsea floor, the first hanger supporting a first pipe string within the well;

a mandrel removably connected to the subsea wellhead and having an aperture forming a mandrel wall and first and second lateral ports disposed in the wall;

a second hanger landed in the mandrel having first and second apertures, the first aperture in fluid communication with the first lateral port, the second hanger supporting a second pipe string within the subsea well and having a flow bore communicating with the first aperture and first lateral port, the first and second pipe strings forming an annulus;

the second aperture and second lateral port communicating with the annulus;

a first fluid flow path extending from the well and through the tubing flowbore, the first aperture, and first lateral port;

a second fluid flow path extending from the well and through the annulus and the second aperture and/or the second lateral port to the surface; and

wherein the second fluid flow path allows circulation of fluids from the annulus to the surface.

88. A subsea well production assembly located between a subsea wellhead housing and a subsea blowout preventer and supporting a string of tubing extending into a subsea well and being connected to a work string extending to the surface of the sea, the blowout preventer having a lateral passageway communicating with a choke or kill line, the assembly comprising:

a production tree having a longitudinal axis, an axial bore and a lateral production passage, the lateral production passage having an inlet at the bore and extending laterally through a sidewall of the production tree;

the production tree further including an annulus bore through the sidewall of the production tree communicating with a crossover conduit communicating with the lateral production passage;

a tubing hanger landed in the axial bore and adapted to be located at an upper end of a string of tubing, the tubing hanger having a co-axial production passage co-axial with the production tree axial bore and extending axially through the tubing hanger and the tubing hanger having a lateral production passageway which extends laterally from the co-axial production passage through the tubing hanger and has an outlet at the exterior of the tubing hanger which registers with the inlet of the lateral production passage of the production tree;

the tubing hanger having an offset vertical passage extending through the tubing hanger from a lower end to an upper end of the tubing hanger offset from the co-axial production passage;

a first closure member installed in the co-axial production passage above the lateral production passageway of the tubing hanger; and

a second closure member installed in the offset vertical passage.

89. A well production assembly located at an upper end of a string of tubing extending into a well, the assembly comprising:

a production tree having a longitudinal axis, an axial bore and first and second lateral passages, the first and second lateral passages having an inlet at the bore and extending laterally through a sidewall of the production tree;

a tubing hanger landed in the axial bore and adapted to be located at an upper end of a string of tubing, the tubing hanger having a co-axial production passage co-axial with the production tree axial bore and extending axially through the tubing hanger and the tubing hanger having a first lateral passageway which extends laterally from the co-axial production passage through the tubing hanger and has an outlet at the exterior of the tubing hanger which registers with the inlet of the first lateral passage of the production tree;

the tubing hanger having an offset passage extending through the tubing hanger from a lower end to an upper end of the tubing hanger offset from the co-axial production passage;

a first closure member installed in the co-axial production passage above the first lateral passage of the tubing hanger; and

a second closure member installed in the offset passage above the second lateral passageway of the tubing hanger.

90. A flow completion apparatus for installation on a wellhead housing at an upper end of a well bore for controlling the flow of fluid through a tubing string which extends into the well bore and defines a tubing annulus surrounding the tubing string the flow completion apparatus comprising:

a tubing spool which is connected to the wellhead housing and which includes a central bore that extends axially therethrough, a production outlet which communicates with the central bore and an annulus passageway which communicates with the tubing annulus;

a tubing hanger which is supported in the central bore, is connected to an upper end of the tubing string, and includes a production bore which extends axially therethrough and a production passageway which communicates between the production bore and the production outlet;

a first closure member which is positioned in the production bore above the production passageway; and

a first annular seal which is positioned between the tubing hanger and the central bore above the production passageway;

a workover passageway in the tubing spool communicating with a portion of the central bore that is located above the first annular seal;

a flow line which provides fluid communication between the workover passageway and annulus passageway;

whereby fluid communication between the tubing annulus and the top of the tubing hanger may be established through the annulus passageway flow line and workover passageway;

a BOP which is removably connectable to the top of the tubing spool and which includes a BOP bore, a first set of BOP rams, and at least one choke and kill line that communicates with a portion of the BOP bore which is located below the first BOP rams; and

a tubing hanger running tool which is removably connectable to the top of the tubing hanger and which includes a cylindrical outer surface portion and a production port that communicates with the production bore;

wherein the first BOP rams are adapted to sealingly engage the outer surface portion above the production port;

whereby fluid communication between the tubing annulus and the BOP choke and kill line may be established through the annulus passageway, the flow line, the workover passageway, and the portion of the BOP bore which is located below the first BOP rams.

91. A flow completion apparatus for installation on a wellhead housing at an upper end of a well bore for controlling the flow of fluid through a tubing string which extends into the well bore and defines a tubing annulus surrounding the tubing string the flow completion apparatus comprising:

a tubing spool which is connected to the wellhead housing and which includes a central bore that extends axially therethrough, a production outlet which communicates with the central bore, and an annulus passageway which communicates with the tubing annulus;

a tubing hanger which is supported in the central bore, is connected to an upper end of the tubing string, and includes a production bore which extends axially therethrough and a production passageway which communicates between the production bore and the production outlet;

a first closure member which is positioned in the production bore above the production passageway; and

a first annular seal which is positioned between the tubing hanger and the central bore above the production passageway;

a workover passageway in the tubing spool communicating with a portion of the central bore that is located above the first annular seal;

a flow line which provides fluid communication between the workover passageway and annulus passageway;

whereby fluid communication between the tubing annulus and the top of the tubing hanger may be established through the annulus passageway flow line and workover passageway;

a production closure member for controlling flow through the production outlet;

an annulus closure member for controlling flow through the annulus passageway;

a workover closure member for controlling flow through the workover passageway;

an outlet communicating with both the annulus closure member and workover closure member;

a crossover line extending from between the production closure member and the outlet; and

a crossover closure member for controlling flow through the crossover line,

wherein with the workover closure member and the remaining closure members open, a flow path may be established from the tubing annulus, through the annulus passageway, the outlet, the crossover line, the production outlet and the production bore;

a BOP which is removably connectable to the top of the tubing spool and which includes a BOP bore, a first set of BOP rams, and at least one choke and kill line that communicates with a portion of the BOP bore which is located below the first BOP rams; and

a tubing hanger running tool which is removably connectable to the top of the tubing hanger and which includes a cylindrical outer surface portion, a production port that communicates with the production bore;

wherein the first BOP rams are adapted to sealingly engage the outer surface portion above the production port;

wherein with the tubing hanger closed below the tubing hanger, a circulation path may be established through the choke and kill line, the portion of the BOP bore which is located below the first rams, the flow path and the production port.

92. A horizontal tree assembly for supporting a production tubing string within a well, the tree assembly adapted for use with a pipe string for fluid communication with the tree assembly, the tree assembly comprising:

a production member defining a production member central bore for receiving therein a tubing hanger and a production member production passageway extending laterally from the production member central bore to a production valve;

the tubing hanger sealed to the production member and adapted for supporting the production tubing string therefrom, the tubing hanger having a first and second tubing hanger bores and a tubing hanger production passageway, the first tubing hanger bore being in fluid communication with the production tubing string and with the tubing hanger production passageway extending laterally from the first tubing hanger bore for fluid communication with the lateral production passageway in the production member;

a flow control apparatus controlling fluid flow through the second tubing hanger bore;

an annulus port extending laterally through the production member and in fluid communication with an annulus about the production tubing string;

an annulus valve for controlling fluid flow through the annulus port; and

the first and second tubing hanger bores being arranged for workover in the well.

93. A tree assembly as defined in claim 92, further comprising:

a crossover flow line providing fluid communication between the annulus port and the production member production passageway; and

a crossover valve for controlling fluid flow along the crossover flow line.

94. A tree assembly as defined in claim 92, further comprising a first closure member positioned within the first tubing hanger bore.

95. A tree assembly as defined in claim 94, further comprising a second closure member positioned above the tubing hanger and the first closure member isolating a bore between the first and second closure members.

96. A tree assembly as defined in claim 92, further comprising:

a first closure member within the bore in the tubing hanger; and

a second closure member positioned above the first closure member.

97. A tree assembly as defined in claim 96 wherein the first and second closure members are passable through the production member central bore.

98. A horizontal tree assembly as defined in claim 92, wherein the second tubing hanger bore is controllable to stop fluid flow in either direction.

99. A horizontal tree assembly for supporting a production tubing string within a well, the tree assembly adapted for use with a pipe string for fluid communication with the tree assembly and a blowout preventer, the tree assembly comprising:

a production member defining a production member central bore for receiving therein a tubing hanger and a production member production passageway extending laterally from the production member central bore to a production valve;

the production valve being located outside the production member central bore

a tubing hanger being sealed to the production member and adapted for supporting the production tubing string therefrom, the tubing hanger having a tubing hanger bore in fluid communication with the production tubing string and a tubing hanger production passageway extending laterally from the tubing hanger bore for fluid communication with the production passageway in the production member;

an annulus port extending laterally through the production member and in fluid communication with an annulus about the production tubing string;

an annulus valve for controlling fluid flow through the annulus port;

a wellhead control line extending laterally from the production member wall and connecting to the tubing hanger, and

the wellhead control line being disconnectable from the tubing hanger and the tubing hanger being removable from the production member through the blowout preventer without removing the blowout preventer.

100. A method for the workover of a well comprising:

retreiving a debris cap on a horizontal tree;

lowering a drilling blowout preventer on a riser;

removing an internal tree plug through a bore of the blowout preventer previouusly installed in a central bore of the horizontal tree;

lowering a work string with a connector through the riser and blowout preventer;

latching the connector onto a tubing hanger landed and sealed within the central bore of the horizontal tree and suspending tubing in the well;

removing a tubing hanger plug in the tubing hanger vertical bore;

circulating the well around the seals sealing the tubing hanger and horizontal tree;

pulling the tubing hanger and tubing from the well through the blowout preventer and riser;

performing workover in the well;

lowering a tubing hanger with tubing through the riser and blowout preventer and installing the tubing hanger in the central bore of the horizontal tree;

circulating the well around the seals sealing the tubing hanger and horizontal tree;

setting a tubing hanger plug in the tubing hanger;

setting an internal tree plug in the central bore of the horizontal tree;

testing the seals and plugs;

pulling the drilling blowout preventer and riser; and

setting the debris cap on the horizontal tree, all steps being performed without a workover blowout preventer or workover riser.

101. The method of claim 100 comprising:

forming a common flow passageway between a BOP bore in the blowout preventer and a portion of the horizontal tree bore above the seals around the tubing hanger;

closing the blowout preventer around the work string;

forming a flowpath through the tubing and the work string, forming an annular area between the work string and the horizontal tree in the common flow passageway and forming an annulus around the tubing below the tubing hanger;

forming a production passageway through the tubing, through a lateral port in the tubing hanger and through the wall of the horizontal tree;

controlling flow through the production passageway by a production valve;

forming an annulus passageway from the annulus and through the wall of the subsea tree;

controlling flow through the annulus passageway by an annulus valve;

forming a workover passageway from the annular area between the tubular member and subsea tree and through the wall of the subsea tree;

controlling flow through the workover passageway;

providing fluid communication between the workover passageway and the annulus passageway; and

circulating fluid downhole using the flowpath, tubing annulus, annulus passageway, workover passageway, and annular area.

102. The method of claim 100 further including circulating through the common flow passageway and through a choke or kill line.

103. The method of claim 100 further including forming a crossover fluid passageway between the production passageway and annulus passageway;

controlling flow through the crossover fluid passageway; and

flowing fluid downhole through the workover passageway, the crossover passageway, and the production passageway.

104. A workover assembly for repairing a well having a wellhead housing and for use with a blowout preventer having a BOP bore, the assembly comprising:

a horizontal tree fixed and sealed to the wellhead housing, the horizontal tree having a wall with a central bore therethrough and a lateral bore connected to a valve, the blowout preventer being mounted on the horizontal tree and the central bore forming a common passageway with the BOP bore;

a tubing hanger landed and sealed within the horizontal tree with a lateral port in the tubing hanger in alignment with the lateral bore in the horizontal tree, the tubing hanger supporting tubing;

a sealing member sealing at least one vertical bore in the tubing hanger above the lateral port;

an internal tree cap sealing the central bore through the horizontal tree above the tubing hanger, the sealing member and internal tree cap being retrievable through the BOP bore;

a workover port extending through the wall of the horizontal tree for selective fluid circulation with that portion of the common passageway below the BOP bore and above the tubing hanger; and

an annulus port extending through the wall of the horizontal tree for selective fluid circulation with an annulus around the tubing, the workover and annulus ports being interconnected via a flow passageway having at least one valve.