Formulation of phosphorus fertilizer for plants

• US 7,160,350 B2
• Filed: 03/10/2005
• Issued: 01/09/2007
• Est. Priority Date: 02/07/1994
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Regents of the University of California (University of California)
• Original Assignee: Regents of the University of California (University of California)
• Inventors: Lovatt, Carol J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Langel; Wayne A.
• Application Number:
  US11/079,552
• Publication Number:
  US 20050178178A1
• Time in Patent Office: 670 Days
• Field of Search: 71/11, 71/27, 71/32, 71/41, 71/641
• US Class Current: 71/11
• CPC Class Codes: C05B 13/02 from rock phosphates C05B13/06 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: C05B 17/00 Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
• CPC Class Codes: C05B 7/00 Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates C05B11/00 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: C05F 11/00 Other organic fertilisers
• CPC Class Codes: C05G 5/23 Solutions

Abstract

Concentrated phosphorus fertilizers are disclosed that comprise a buffered composition of an organic acid and salts thereof and a phosphorous-containing acid and salts thereof. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizers can be diluted with water of pH ranging from about 6.5 to about 8.5 at ratios of concentrate to water at about 1:40 to about 1:600 to result in a fertilizer having a pH in the range acceptable for foliar uptake of phosphorus.

Claims

1. A concentrated phosphorus fertilizer, such that when said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is diluted with water having a pH as low as about 6.5 at a ratio of about 1 part said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer to about 40 parts water, there is formed a substantially fully solubilized use-dilution fertilizer having a foliage acceptable pH for phosphorus uptake, and wherein said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is buffered and analyzes to about 0.30 kg/L P₂O₅ or greater

wherein said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is prepared by a process comprising:

mixing a base and a phosphorous source,

thereby forming said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer which analyzes to about 0.30 kg/L P₂O₅ or greater.

2. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein said phosphorous source is a member selected from the group consisting of a phosphorous-containing acid, a salt of a phosphorous-containing acid, and combinations thereof.

3. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein said about 0.30 kg/L P₂O₅ or greater is from about 0.30 kg/L P₂O₅ to about 0.40 kg/L P₂O₅.

4. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the quantity of said phosphorous source is sufficient so that said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer analyzes to about 0.30 kg/L P₂O₅ to about 0.40 kg/L P₂O₅.

5. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 2, wherein said phosphorous-containing acid is a member selected from the group consisting of phosphorous acid, hypophosphorous acid, polyphosphorous acid, polyhypophosphorous acid and combinations thereof.

6. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer has a pH of about 5.0 to about 7.0.

7. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 6, wherein said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer has a pH of about 5.5 to about 6.5.

8. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is essentially clear and devoid of precipitate.

9. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 1, further comprising a plant nutrient, wherein said plant nutrient is a member selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, potassium, sulfur, calcium, magnesium, boron, iron, manganese, molybdenum, zinc, ammonia and combinations thereof.

10. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein said phosphorous source is a member selected from the group consisting of H₃PO₃, H₄P₂O₅, H₃P₂O₅⁻

, H₂P₂O₅²⁻

, HPO₃²⁻

, H₂PO₃⁻

, H₂PO₂⁻

and combinations thereof.

11. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 1, further comprising an organic acid.

12. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 11, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of a dicarboxylic acid and a tricarboxylic acid.

13. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 11, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of pyruvic, succinic, fumaric, malic, formic, oxaloacetic, cis-aconitic, isocitric and α

-ketoglutaric acid.

14. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 11, wherein said organic acid is citric acid.

15. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 4, further comprising an organic acid.

16. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 15, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of a dicarboxylic acid and a tricarboxylic acid.

17. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 15, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of pyruvic, succinic, fumaric, malic, formic, oxaloacetic, cis-aconitic, isocitric and α

-ketoglutaric acid.

18. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 15, wherein said organic acid is citric acid.

19. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein said mixing further comprises an organic acid.

20. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 19, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of a dicarboxylic acid and a tricarboxylic acid.

21. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 19, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of pyruvic, succinic, fumaric, malic, formic, oxaloacetic, cis-aconitic, isocitric and α

-ketoglutaric acid.

22. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 19, wherein said organic acid is citric acid.

23. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 4, wherein said mixing further comprises an organic acid.

24. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 23, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of a dicarboxylic acid and a tricarboxylic acid.

25. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 23, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of pyruvic, succinic, fumaric, malic, formic, oxaloacetic, cis-aconitic, isocitric and α

-ketoglutaric acid.

26. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 23, wherein said organic acid is citric acid.

33. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 24, wherein said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer has a pH of about 5.5 to about 6.5.

27. A concentrated phosphorus fertilizer comprising a multiply buffered composition, such that when said multiply buffered composition is diluted with water having a pH as low as about 6.5 at a ratio of about 1 part said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer to about 40 parts water, there is formed a substantially fully solubilized use-dilution fertilizer having a foliage acceptable pH for phosphorus uptake and wherein said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is buffered and analyzes to about 0.30 kg/L P₂O₅ or greater

wherein said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is prepared by a process comprising:

mixing a first buffer system and a second buffer system, wherein said first buffer system comprises a phosphorous source and wherein said second buffer system comprises a member selected from the group consisting of an organic acid, a salt of an organic acid and combinations thereof,

thereby forming said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer which analyzes to about 0.30 kg/L P₂O₅ or greater.

28. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 27, wherein said phosphorous source is a member selected from the group consisting of a phosphorous-containing acid, salt of a phosphorous-containing acid and combinations thereof.

29. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 27, wherein said about 0.30 kg/L P₂O₅ or greater is from about 0.30 kg/L P₂O₅ to about 0.40 kg/L P₂O₅.

30. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 27, wherein the quantity of said phosphorous source is sufficient so that said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer analyzes to about 0.30 kg/L P₂O₅ to about 0.40 kg/L P₂O₅.

31. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 28, wherein said phosphorous-containing acid is a member selected from the group consisting of phosphorous acid, hypophosphorous acid, polyphosphorous acid, polyhypophosphorous acid and combinations thereof.

32. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 27, wherein said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer has a pH of about 5.0 to about 7.0.

34. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 27, wherein said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is essentially clear and devoid of precipitate.

35. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 27, further comprising a plant nutrient, wherein said plant nutrient is a member selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, potassium, sulfur, calcium, magnesium, boron, iron, manganese, molybdenum, zinc, ammonia and combinations thereof.

36. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 27, wherein said phosphorous source is a member selected from the group consisting of H₃PO₃, H₄P₂O₅, H₃P₂O₅⁻

, H₂P₂O₅²⁻

, HPO₃²⁻

, H₂PO₃⁻

, H₂PO₂⁻

and combinations thereof.

37. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 27, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of a dicarboxylic acid and a tricarboxylic acid.

38. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 27, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of pyruvic, succinic, fumaric, malic, formic, oxaloacetic, cis-aconitic, isocitric and α

-ketoglutaric acid.

39. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 27, wherein said organic acid is citric acid.

40. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 30, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of a dicarboxylic acid and a tricarboxylic acid.

41. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 30, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of pyruvic, succinic, fumaric, malic, formic, oxaloacetic, cis-aconitic, isocitric and α

-ketoglutaric acid.

42. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 30, wherein said organic acid is citric acid.

43. A concentrated phosphorus fertilizer comprising a member selected from the group consisting of H₃PO₃, H₄P₂O₅, H₃P₂O₅⁻

, H₂P₂O₅²⁻

, HPO₃²⁻

, H₂PO₃⁻

, H₂PO₂⁻

and combinations thereof, such that when said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is diluted with water having a pH as low as about 6.5 at a ratio of about 1 part said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer to about 40 parts water, there is formed a substantially fully solubilized use-dilution fertilizer having a foliage acceptable pH for phosphorus uptake, and wherein said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is buffered and analyzes to about 0.30 kg/L P₂O₅ or greater

wherein said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is prepared by a process comprising;

mixing a base and a phosphorous source, wherein said phosphorous source is a member selected from the group consisting of H₃PO₃, H₄P₂O₅, H₃P₂O₅⁻

, H₂P₂O₅²⁻

, HPO₃²⁻

, H₂PO₃⁻

, H₂PO₂⁻

and combinations thereof,

thereby forming said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer which analyzes to about 0.30 kg/L P₂O₅ or greater.

44. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 43, wherein said about 0.30 kg/L P₂O₅ or greater is from about 0.30 kg/L P₂O₅ to about 0.40 kg/L P₂O₅.

45. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 43, wherein the quantity of said phosphorous source is sufficient so that said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer analyzes to about 0.30 kg/L P₂O₅ to about 0.40 kg/L P₂O₅.

46. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 43, wherein said phosphorous-containing acid is a member selected from the group consisting of phosphorous acid, hypophosphorous acid, polyphosphorous acid, polyhypophosphorous acid and combinations thereof.

47. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 43, wherein said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer has a pH of about 5.0 to about 7.0.

48. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 47, wherein said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer has a pH of about 5.5 to about 6.5.

49. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 43, wherein said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is essentially clear and devoid of precipitate.

50. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 43, further comprising a plant nutrient, wherein said plant nutrient is a member selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, potassium, sulfur, calcium, magnesium, boron, iron, manganese, molybdenum, zinc, ammonia and combinations thereof.

51. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 43, further comprising an organic acid.

52. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 43, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of a dicarboxylic acid and a tricarboxylic acid.

53. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 43, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of pyruvic, succinic, fumaric, malic, formic, oxaloacetic, cis-aconitic, isocitric and α

-ketoglutaric acid.

54. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 43, wherein said organic acid is citric acid.

55. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 45, further comprising an organic acid.

56. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 45, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of a dicarboxylic acid and a tricarboxylic acid.

57. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 45, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of pyruvic, succinic, fumaric, malic, formic, oxaloacetic, cis-aconitic, isocitric and α

-ketoglutaric acid.

58. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 45, wherein said organic acid is citric acid.

59. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 43, wherein said mixing further comprises an organic acid.

60. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 59, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of a dicarboxylic acid and a tricarboxylic acid.

61. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 59, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of pyruvic, succinic, fumaric, malic, formic, oxaloacetic, cis-aconitic, isocitric and α

-ketoglutaric acid.

62. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 59, wherein said organic acid is citric acid.

63. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 45, wherein said mixing further comprises an organic acid.

64. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 63, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of a dicarboxylic acid and a tricarboxylic acid.

65. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 63, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of pyruvic, succinic, fumaric, malic, formic, oxaloacetic, cis-aconitic, isocitric and α

-ketoglutaric acid.

66. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 63, wherein said organic acid is citric acid.

67. A concentrated phosphite-containing fertilizer comprising a phosphorous source, such that when said concentrated phosphite-containing fertilizer is diluted with water having a pH as low as about 6.5 at a ratio of about 1 part concentrated phosphite-containing fertilizer to about 40 parts water, there is formed a substantially fully solubilized use-dilution fertilizer having a foliage acceptable pH for phosphorus uptake and wherein said concentrated phosphite-containing fertilizer is buffered and analyzes to about 0.30 kg/L P₂O₅ or greater

wherein said concentrated phosphite-containing fertilizer is prepared by a process comprising:

mixing a base and a phosphorous source,

thereby forming said concentrated phosphite-containing fertilizer which analyzes to about 0.30 kg/L P₂O₅ or greater.

68. The concentrated phosphite-containing fertilizer according to claim 67, wherein said phosphorous source is a member selected from the group consisting of a phosphorous-containing acid, a salt of a phosphorous-containing acid, and combinations thereof.

69. The concentrated phosphite-containing fertilizer according to claim 67, wherein said about 0.30 kg/L P₂O₅ or greater is from about 0.30 kg/L P₂O₅ to about 0.40 kg/L P₂O₅.

70. The concentrated phosphite-containing fertilizer according to claim 67, wherein the quantity of said phosphorous source is sufficient so that said concentrated phosphite-containing fertilizer analyzes to about 0.30 kg/L P₂O₅ to about 0.40 kg/L P₂O₅.

71. The concentrated phosphite-containing fertilizer according to claim 67, wherein said concentrated phosphite-containing fertilizer has a pH of about 5.0 to about 7.0.

72. The concentrated phosphite-containing fertilizer according to claim 71, wherein said concentrated phosphite-containing fertilizer has a pH of about 5.5 to about 6.5.

73. The concentrated phosphite-containing fertilizer according to claim 67, wherein said concentrated phosphite-containing fertilizer is essentially clear and devoid of precipitate.

74. The concentrated phosphite-containing fertilizer according to claim 67, further comprising a plant nutrient, wherein said plant nutrient is a member selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, potassium, sulfur, calcium, magnesium, boron, iron, manganese, molybdenum, zinc, ammonia and combinations thereof.

75. The concentrated phosphite-containing fertilizer according to claim 67, wherein said phosphorous source is a member selected from the group consisting of H₃PO₃, H₄P₂O₅, H₃P₂O₅⁻

, H₂P₂O₅²⁻

, HPO₃²⁻

, H₂PO₃⁻

, H₂PO₂⁻

and combinations thereof.

76. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 67, further comprising an organic acid.

77. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 76, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of a dicarboxylic acid and a tricarboxylic acid.

78. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 76, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of pyruvic, succinic, fumaric, malic, formic, oxaloacetic, cis-aconitic, isocitric and α

-ketoglutaric acid.

79. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 76, wherein said organic acid is citric acid.

80. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 70, further comprising an organic acid.

81. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 80, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of a dicarboxylic acid and a tricarboxylic acid.

82. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 80, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of pyruvic, succinic, fumaric, malic, formic, oxaloacetic, cis-aconitic, isocitric and α

-ketoglutaric acid.

83. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 80, wherein said organic acid is citric acid.

84. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 67, wherein said mixing further comprises an organic acid.

85. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 84, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of a dicarboxylic acid and a tricarboxylic acid.

86. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 84, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of pyruvic, succinic, fumaric, malic, formic, oxaloacetic, cis-aconitic, isocitric and α

-ketoglutaric acid.

87. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 84, wherein said organic acid is citric acid.

88. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 70, wherein said mixing further comprises an organic acid.

89. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 88, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of a dicarboxylic acid and a tricarboxylic acid.

90. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 88, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of pyruvic, succinic, fumaric, malic, formic, oxaloacetic, cis-aconitic, isocitric and α

-ketoglutaric acid.

91. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 88, wherein said organic acid is citric acid.

92. A concentrated phosphorus fertilizer comprising a member selected from the group consisting of H₃PO₃, H₄P₂O₅, H₃P₂O₅⁻

, H₂P₂O₅²⁻

, HPO₃²⁻

, H₂PO₃⁻

, H₂PO₂⁻

and combinations thereof, such that when said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is diluted with water having a pH as low as about 6.5 at a ratio of about 1 part said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer to about 40 parts water, there is formed a substantially fully solubilized use-dilution fertilizer having a foliage acceptable pH for phosphorus uptake, and wherein said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is buffered and analyzes to about 0.30 kg/L P₂O₅ or greater

wherein said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is prepared by a process comprising;

dissolving a salt of a phosphorous-containing acid in water,

thereby forming said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer which analyzes to about 0.30 kg/L P₂O₅ or greater.

93. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 92, wherein said about 0.30 kg/L P₂O₅ or greater is from about 0.30 kg/L P₂O₅ to about 0.40 kg/L P₂O₅.

94. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 92, wherein the quantity of said member is sufficient so that said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer analyzes to about 0.30 kg/L P₂O₅ to about 0.40 kg/L P₂O₅.

95. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 92, wherein the phosphorous-containing acid in said salt of a phosphorous-containing acid is a member selected from the group consisting of phosphorous acid, hypophosphorous acid, polyphosphorous acid, polyhypophosphorous acid and combinations thereof.

96. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 92, wherein said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer has a pH of about 5.0 to about 7.0.

97. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 96, wherein said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer has a pH of about 5.5 to about 6.5.

98. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 92, wherein said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is essentially clear and devoid of precipitate.

99. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 92, further comprising a plant nutrient, wherein said plant nutrient is a member selected from the group consisting of m nitrogen, potassium, sulfur, calcium, magnesium, boron, iron, manganese, molybdenum, zinc, ammonia and combinations thereof.

100. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 92, further comprising an organic acid.

101. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 100, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of a dicarboxylic acid and a tricarboxylic acid.

102. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 100, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of pyruvic, succinic, fumaric, malic, formic, oxaloacetic, cis-aconitic, isocitric and α

-ketoglutaric acid.

103. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 100, wherein said organic acid is citric acid.

104. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 93, further comprising an organic acid.

105. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 104, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of a dicarboxylic acid and a tricarboxylic acid.

106. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 104, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of pyruvic, succinic, fumaric, malic, formic, oxaloacetic, cis-aconitic, isocitric and α

-ketoglutaric acid.

107. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 104, wherein said organic acid is citric acid.

108. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 94, further comprising an organic acid.

109. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 108, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of a dicarboxylic acid and a tricarboxylic acid.

110. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 108, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of pyruvic, succinic, fumaric, malic, formic, oxaloacetic, cis-aconitic, isocitric and α

-ketoglutaric acid.

111. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 108, wherein said organic acid is citric acid.

112. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 92, wherein said dissolving further comprises an organic acid.

113. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 112, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of a dicarboxylic acid and a tricarboxylic acid.

114. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 112, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of pyruvic, succinic, fumaric, malic, formic, oxaloacetic, cis-aconitic, isocitric and α

-ketoglutaric acid.

115. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 112, wherein said organic acid is citric acid.

116. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 93, wherein said dissolving further comprises an organic acid.

117. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 116, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of a dicarboxylic acid and a tricarboxylic acid.

118. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 116, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of pyruvic, succinic, fumaric, malic, formic, oxaloacetic, cis-aconitic, isocitric and α

-ketoglutaric acid.

119. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 116, wherein said organic acid is citric acid.

120. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 94, wherein said dissolving further comprises an organic acid.

121. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 120, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of a dicarboxylic acid and a tricarboxylic acid.

122. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 120, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of pyruvic, succinic, fumaric, malic, formic, oxaloacetic, cis-aconitic, isocitric and α

-ketoglutaric acid.

123. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 120, wherein said organic acid is citric acid.

124. A concentrated phosphorus fertilizer, such that when said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is diluted with water having a pH as low as about 6.5 at a ratio of about 1 part said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer to about 40 parts water, there is formed a substantially fully solubilized use-dilution fertilizer having a foliage acceptable pH for phosphorus uptake, and wherein said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is buffered and analyzes to about 0.30 kg/L P₂O₅ or greater

wherein said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is prepared by a process comprising:

dissolving a phosphorous source in water,

thereby forming said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer which analyzes to about 0.30 kg/L P₂O₅ or greater.

125. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 124, wherein said phosphorous source is a member selected from the group consisting of a phosphorous-containing acid, a salt of a phosphorous-containing acid, and combinations thereof.

126. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 124, wherein said about 0.30 kg/L P₂O₅ or greater is from about 0.30 kg/L P₂O₅ to about 0.40 kg/L P₂O₅.

127. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 124, wherein the quantity of said phosphorous source is sufficient so that said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer analyzes to about 0.30 kg/L P₂O₅ to about 0.40 kg/L P₂O₅.

128. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 125, wherein said phosphorous-containing acid is a member selected from the group consisting of phosphorous acid, hypophosphorous acid, polyphosphorous acid, polyhypophosphorous acid and combinations thereof.

129. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 124, wherein said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer has a pH of about 5.0 to about 7.0.

130. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 129, wherein said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer has a pH of about 5.5 to about 6.5.

131. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 124, wherein said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is essentially clear and devoid of precipitate.

132. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 124, further comprising a plant nutrient, wherein said plant nutrient is a member selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, potassium, sulfur, calcium, magnesium, boron, iron, manganese, molybdenum, zinc, ammonia and combinations thereof.

133. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 124, wherein said phosphorous source is a member selected from the group consisting of H₃PO₃, H₄P₂O₅, H₃P₂O₅⁻

, H₂P₂O₅²⁻

, HPO₃²⁻

, H₂PO₃⁻

, H₂PO₂⁻

and combinations thereof.

134. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 124, further comprising an organic acid.

135. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 134, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of a dicarboxylic acid and a tricarboxylic acid.

136. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 134, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of pyruvic, succinic, fumaric, malic, formic, oxaloacetic, cis-aconitic, isocitric and α

-ketoglutaric acid.

137. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 134, wherein said organic acid is citric acid.

138. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 126, further comprising an organic acid.

139. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 138, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of a dicarboxylic acid and a tricarboxylic acid.

140. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 138, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of pyruvic, succinic, fumaric, malic, formic, oxaloacetic, cis-aconitic, isocitric and α

-ketoglutaric acid.

141. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 138, wherein said organic acid is citric acid.

142. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 127, further comprising an organic acid.

143. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 142, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of a dicarboxylic acid and a tricarboxylic acid.

144. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 142, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of pyruvic, succinic, fumaric, malic, formic, oxaloacetic, cis-aconitic, isocitric and α

-ketoglutaric acid.

145. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 142, wherein said organic acid is citric acid.

146. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 124, wherein said dissolving further comprises an organic acid.

147. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 146, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of a dicarboxylic acid and a tricarboxylic acid.

148. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 146, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of pyruvic, succinic, fumaric, malic, formic, oxaloacetic, cis-aconitic, isocitric and α

-ketoglutaric acid.

149. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 146, wherein said organic acid is citric acid.

150. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 126, wherein said dissolving further comprises an organic acid.

151. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 150, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of a dicarboxylic acid and a tricarboxylic acid.

152. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 150, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of pyruvic, succinic, fumaric, malic, formic, oxaloacetic, cis-aconitic, isocitric and α

-ketoglutaric acid.

153. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 150, wherein said organic acid is citric acid.

154. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 127, wherein said dissolving further comprises an organic acid.

155. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 154, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of a dicarboxylic acid and a tricarboxylic acid.

156. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 154, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of pyruvic, succinic, fumaric, malic, formic, oxaloacetic, cis-aconitic, isocitric and α

-ketoglutaric acid.

157. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 154, wherein said organic acid is citric acid.

158. A concentrated phosphorus fertilizer for irrigation application, wherein said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is buffered, has a pH of less than about 2.5, analyzes to about 0.30 kg/L P₂O₅ or greater, and is prepared by a process comprising:

mixing a base and a phosphorous source,

thereby forming said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer which analyzes to about 0.30 kg/L P₂O₅ or greater.

159. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 158, wherein said phosphorous source is a member selected from the group consisting of a phosphorous-containing acid, a salt of a phosphorous-containing acid, and combinations thereof.

160. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 158, wherein said about 0.30 kg/L P₂O₅ or greater is from about 0.30 kg/L P₂O₅ to about 0.40 kg/L P₂O₅.

161. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 158, wherein the quantity of said phosphorous source is sufficient so that said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer analyzes to about 0.30 kg/L P₂O₅ to about 0.40 kg/L P₂O₅.

162. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 159, wherein said phosphorous-containing acid is a member selected from the group consisting of phosphorous acid, hypophosphorous acid, polyphosphorous acid, polyhypophosphorous acid and combinations thereof.

163. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 158, wherein said pH is less than about 1.5.

164. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 158, further comprising an organic acid.

165. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 164, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of a dicarboxylic acid and a tricarboxylic acid.

166. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 164, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of pyruvic, succinic, fumaric, malic, formic, oxaloacetic, cis-aconitic, isocitric and α

-ketoglutaric acid.

167. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 164, wherein said organic acid is citric acid.

168. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 161, further comprising an organic acid.

169. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 168, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of a dicarboxylic acid and a tricarboxylic acid.

170. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 169, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of pyruvic, succinic, fumaric, malic, formic, oxaloacetic, cis-aconitic, isocitric and α

-ketoglutaric acid.

171. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 170, wherein said organic acid is citric acid.

172. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 158, wherein said mixing further comprises an organic acid.

173. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 172, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of a dicarboxylic acid and a tricarboxylic acid.

174. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 172, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of pyruvic, succinic, fumaric, malic, formic, oxaloacetic, cis-aconitic, isocitric and α

-ketoglutaric acid.

175. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 172, wherein said organic acid is citric acid.

176. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 161, wherein said mixing further comprises an organic acid.

177. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 176, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of a dicarboxylic acid and a tricarboxylic acid.

178. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 176, wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of pyruvic, succinic, fumaric, malic, formic, oxaloacetic, cis-aconitic, isocitric and α

-ketoglutaric acid.

179. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer according to claim 176, wherein said organic acid is citric acid.

180. A concentrated phosphorus fertilizer, such that when said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is diluted with water having a pH as low as about 6.5 at a ratio of about 1 part said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer to about 40 parts water, there is formed a substantially fully solubilized use-dilution fertilizer having a foliage acceptable pH for phosphorus uptake, and wherein said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is buffered

wherein said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is prepared by a process comprising:

mixing a base and a phosphorous source and an organic acid source,

wherein said organic acid source is a member selected from the group consisting of a dicarboxylic acid, a tricarboxylic acid, a salt thereof and combinations thereof;

thereby forming said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer.

181. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer of claim 180,

wherein said organic acid source is a member selected from the group consisting of pyruvic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, formic acid, oxaloacetic acid, cis-aconitic acid, citric acid, isocitric acid, α

-ketoglutaric acid, a salt thereof, and combinations thereof.

182. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer of claim 181,

wherein said organic acid source is a member selected from the group consisting of citric acid, a citric acid salt, and combinations thereof.

183. A concentrated phosphorus fertilizer comprising a multiply buffered composition, such that when said multiply buffered composition is diluted with water having a pH as low as about 6.5 at a ratio of about 1 part said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer to about 40 parts water, there is formed a substantially fully solubilized use-dilution fertilizer having a foliage acceptable pH for phosphorus uptake and wherein said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is buffered

wherein said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is prepared by a process comprising:

mixing a first buffer system and a second buffer system, wherein said first buffer system comprises a phosphorous source and wherein said second buffer system comprises a member selected from the group consisting of an organic acid, a salt of an organic acid and combinations thereof,

wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of a dicarboxylic acid, a tricarboxylic acid, and combinations thereof;

thereby forming said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer.

184. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer of claim 183,

wherein said organic acid is a member selected from the group consisting of pyruvic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, formic acid, oxaloacetic acid, cis-aconitic acid, citric acid, isocitric acid, α

-ketoglutaric acid and combinations thereof.

185. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer of claim 184,

wherein said organic acid is citric acid.

186. A concentrated phosphorus fertilizer comprising a member selected from the group consisting of H₃PO₃, H₄P₂O₅, H₃P₂O₅⁻

, H₂P₂O₅²⁻

, HPO₃²⁻

, H₂PO₃⁻

, H₂PO₂⁻

and combinations thereof, such that when said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is diluted with water having a pH as low as about 6.5 at a ratio of about 1 part said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer to about 40 parts water, there is formed a substantially fully solubilized use-dilution fertilizer having a foliage acceptable pH for phosphorus uptake, and wherein said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is buffered

wherein said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is prepared by a process comprising;

mixing a base and a phosphorous source and an organic acid source, wherein said phosphorous source is a member selected from the group consisting of H₃PO₃, H₄P₂O₅, H₃P₂O₅⁻

, H₂P₂O₅²⁻

, HPO₃²⁻

, H₂PO₃⁻

, H₂PO₂⁻

and combinations thereof, and

wherein said organic acid source is a member selected from the group consisting of a dicarboxylic acid, a tricarboxylic acid, a salt thereof and combinations thereof;

thereby forming said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer.

187. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer of claim 186,

wherein said organic acid source is a member selected from the group consisting of pyruvic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, formic acid, oxaloacetic acid, cis-aconitic acid, citric acid, isocitric acid, α

-ketoglutaric acid, a salt thereof, and combinations thereof.

188. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer of claim 187,

wherein said organic acid source is a member selected from the group consisting of citric acid, a citric acid salt, and combinations thereof.

189. A concentrated phosphite-containing fertilizer comprising a phosphorous source, such that when said concentrated phosphite-containing fertilizer is diluted with water having a pH as low as about 6.5 at a ratio of about 1 part concentrated phosphite-containing fertilizer to about 40 parts water, there is formed a substantially fully solubilized use-dilution fertilizer having a foliage acceptable pH for phosphorus uptake and wherein said concentrated phosphite-containing fertilizer is buffered

wherein said concentrated phosphite-containing fertilizer is prepared by a process comprising:

mixing a base and a phosphorous source and an organic acid source

wherein said organic acid source is a member selected from the group consisting of a dicarboxylic acid, a tricarboxylic acid, a salt thereof and combinations thereof;

thereby forming said concentrated phosphite-containing fertilizer.

190. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer of claim 189,

wherein said organic acid source is a member selected from the group consisting of pyruvic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, formic acid, oxaloacetic acid, cis-aconitic acid, citric acid, isocitric acid, α

-ketoglutaric acid, a salt thereof, and combinations thereof.

191. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer of claim 190,

wherein said organic acid source is a member selected from the group consisting of citric acid, a citric acid salt, and combinations thereof.

192. A concentrated phosphorus fertilizer comprising a member selected from the group consisting of H₃PO₃, H₄P₂O₅, H₃P₂O₅⁻

, H₂P₂O₅²⁻

, HPO₃²⁻

, H₂PO₃⁻

, H₂PO₂⁻

and combinations thereof, such that when said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is diluted with water having a pH as low as about 6.5 at a ratio of about 1 part said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer to about 40 parts water, there is formed a substantially fully solubilized use-dilution fertilizer having a foliage acceptable pH for phosphorus uptake, and wherein said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is buffered

wherein said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is prepared by a process comprising;

dissolving an organic acid source and a salt of a phosphorous-containing acid in water,

wherein said organic acid source is a member selected from the group consisting of a dicarboxylic acid, a tricarboxylic acid, a salt thereof and combinations thereof;

thereby forming said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer.

193. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer of claim 192,

wherein said organic acid source is a member selected from the group consisting of pyruvic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, formic acid, oxaloacetic acid, cis-aconitic acid, citric acid, isocitric acid, α

-ketoglutaric acid, a salt thereof, and combinations thereof.

194. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer of claim 193,

wherein said organic acid source is a member selected from the group consisting of citric acid, a citric acid salt, and combinations thereof.

195. A concentrated phosphorus fertilizer, such that when said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is diluted with water having a pH as low as about 6.5 at a ratio of about 1 part said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer to about 40 parts water, there is formed a substantially fully solubilized use-dilution fertilizer having a foliage acceptable pH for phosphorus uptake, and wherein said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is buffered

wherein said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is prepared by a process comprising:

dissolving an organic acid source and a phosphorous source in water,

wherein said organic acid source is a member selected from the group consisting of a dicarboxylic acid, a tricarboxylic acid, a salt thereof and combinations thereof;

thereby forming said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer.

196. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer of claim 195,

wherein said organic acid source is a member selected from the group consisting of pyruvic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, formic acid, oxaloacetic acid, cis-aconitic acid, citric acid, isocitric acid, α

-ketoglutaric acid, a salt thereof, and combinations thereof.

197. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer of claim 196,

wherein said organic acid source is a member selected from the group consisting of citric acid, a citric acid salt, and combinations thereof.

198. A concentrated phosphorus fertilizer for irrigation application, wherein said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer is buffered, has a pH of less than about 2.5, and is prepared by a process comprising:

mixing a base and a phosphorous source and an organic acid source,

wherein said organic acid source is a member selected from the group consisting of a dicarboxylic acid, a tricarboxylic acid, a salt thereof and combinations thereof;

thereby forming said concentrated phosphorus fertilizer.

199. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer of claim 198,

wherein said organic acid source is a member selected from the group consisting of pyruvic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, formic acid, oxaloacetic acid, cis-aconitic acid, citric acid, isocitric acid, α

-ketoglutaric acid, a salt thereof, and combinations thereof.

200. The concentrated phosphorus fertilizer of claim 199,

wherein said organic acid source is a member selected from the group consisting of citric acid, a citric acid salt, and combinations thereof.