Optical filters from nanocomposites

• US 7,238,734 B2
• Filed: 05/09/2003
• Issued: 07/03/2007
• Est. Priority Date: 09/03/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: PPG Industries Ohio Incorporated (Nouryon BV)
• Original Assignee: NanoProducts Corporation (Nouryon BV)
• Inventors: Yadav, Tapesh, Kostelecky, Clayton
• Primary Examiner(s): Yoon, Tae H
• Application Number:
  US10/435,287
• Publication Number:
  US 20030207977A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,516 Days
• Field of Search: 523/210, 523/113, 523/137, 523/200, 523/220, 523/375, 524/435, 524/436, 524/434, 524/413, 524/408, 524/406, 524/403
• US Class Current: 523/210
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 12/005 carried out at high temperatures, e.g. by pyrolysis
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 12/02 for obtaining at least one reaction product which, at normal temperature, is in the solid state
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• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00135 Electric resistance heaters
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00155 using insulating materials or refractories
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00177 controlling the pH
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/0018 controlling the conductivity
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/0894 Processes carried out in the presence of a plasma
• CPC Class Codes: B05B 1/12 capable of producing different kinds of discharge, e.g. either jet or spray having selectively-effective outlets B05B1/16
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 1/054 Nanosized particles
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• CPC Class Codes: B22F 1/09 Mixtures of metallic powders
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 1/10 Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 1/102 Metallic powder coated with organic material
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 1/12 Metallic powder containing non-metallic particles containing lubricating or binding agents or organic material B22F1/10
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 2202/13 Use of plasma
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 2999/00 Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
• CPC Class Codes: B22F 9/12 starting from gaseous material
• CPC Class Codes: B29C 70/58 comprising fillers only , e.g. particles, powder, beads, flakes, spheres B29C70/025 takes precedence, agglomerating hollow spheres to produce synthetic foam B29C70/66; compounding ingredients per se C08K
• CPC Class Codes: B82B 1/00 : Nanostructures formed by manipulation of individual atoms or molecules, or limited collections of atoms or molecules as discrete units
• CPC Class Codes: B82Y 20/00 : Nanooptics, e.g. quantum optics or photonic crystals
• CPC Class Codes: B82Y 25/00 : Nanomagnetism, e.g. magnetoimpedance, anisotropic magnetoresistance, giant magnetoresistance or tunneling magnetoresistance
• CPC Class Codes: B82Y 30/00 : Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
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• CPC Class Codes: C04B 20/0004 : Microcomposites or nanocomposites, e.g. composite particles obtained by polymerising monomers onto inorganic materials
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• CPC Class Codes: C04B 2235/3279 : Nickel oxides, nickalates, or oxide-forming salts thereof
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• CPC Class Codes: C04B 2235/444 : Halide containing anions, e.g. bromide, iodate, chlorite
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 2235/5409 : expressed by specific surface values
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 2235/5454 : nanometer sized, i.e. below 100 nm
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• CPC Class Codes: C04B 2235/6565 : Cooling rate
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• CPC Class Codes: C04B 26/02 : Macromolecular compounds
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 26/06 : Acrylates
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 35/01 : based on oxide ceramics
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 35/10 : based on aluminium oxide
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 35/265 : Compositions containing one or more ferrites of the group comprising manganese or zinc and one or more ferrites of the group comprising nickel, copper or cobalt
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 35/453 : based on zinc, tin, or bismuth oxides or solid solutions thereof with other oxides, e.g. zincates, stannates or bismuthates
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 35/457 : based on tin oxides or stannates
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• CPC Class Codes: C04B 35/62222 : obtaining ceramic coatings coating of mortars, concrete, artificial or natural stone or ceramics C04B41/45; laminated ceramic products B32B18/00; coating metallic materials C23; coating of glass C03C17/00, applying ceramic coatings on silicon for semi-conductor purposes H01L
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 35/6265 : involving reduction or oxidation
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• CPC Class Codes: C04B 35/653 : Processes involving a melting step
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 41/009 : characterised by the material treated
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 41/4539 : as a emulsion, dispersion or suspension
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 41/4549 : Nanometer-sized particles
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 41/5027 : Oxide ceramics in general; Specific oxide ceramics not covered by C04B41/5029 - C04B41/5051
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 41/5049 : Zinc or bismuth oxides
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 41/5116 : Ag or Au
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 41/5122 : Pd or Pt
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 41/52 : Multiple coating or impregnating multiple coating or impregnating with the same composition or with compositions only differing in the concentration of the constituents, is classified as single coating or impregnation
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 41/89 : for obtaining at least two superposed coatings having different compositions
• CPC Class Codes: C04B 41/90 : at least one coating being a metal
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• CPC Class Codes: C08K 3/01 : characterized by their specific function
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• CPC Class Codes: C08K 3/08 : Metals
• CPC Class Codes: C08K 9/02 : Ingredients treated with inorganic substances
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• CPC Class Codes: C09C 1/0081 : Composite particulate pigments or fillers, i.e. containing at least two solid phases, except those consisting of coated particles of one compound C09C1/0015, C09C1/0078 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: C09C 1/22 : Compounds of iron C09C1/0009, C09C1/0015, C09C1/0078 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: C09C 1/627 : Copper
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• CPC Class Codes: H01B 1/22 : the conductive material comprising metals or alloys
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• CPC Class Codes: H01F 1/344 : Ferrites, e.g. having a cubic spinel structure (X2+O)(Y23+O3), e.g. magnetite Fe3O4
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• CPC Class Codes: H01G 4/33 : Thin- or thick-film capacitors thin- or thick-film circuits H01L27/00; capacitors without a potential-jump or surface barrier specially adapted for integrated circuits, details thereof, multistep manufacturing processes therefor H01L28/40
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Abstract

Methods for preparing optical filter nanocomposites from nanopowders. Both low-loaded and highly-loaded nanocomposites are included. Nanoscale coated and un-coated fillers may be used. Nanocomposite filter layers may be prepared on substrates. Gradient nanocomposites for filters are discussed.

Claims

1. A method for preparing an optical component comprising:

providing nanofillers with domain size less than 100 nanometers comprising particles with an aspect ratio greater than 1 and less than or equal to 3;

providing a matrix;

wherein the nanofillers comprise a particle surface comprising a coating of a phase that is compatible with the matrix or a substrate surface wherein a precursor has been reacted with the particle surface of the nanofillers;

mixing the nanofillers with the matrix below a nanofillers loading of 80% by volume;

using the mixture of nanofillers and the matrix to produce an optical nanocomposite; and

wherein the optical nanocomposite refracts, filters, transmits or reflects a wavelength of light by an amount that differs by more than 20% as compared with an optical composite material of a similar composition with filler particles having a domain size of at least one micron.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the mixing includes adding a secondary species material selected from the group consisting of:

dispersants, binders, modifiers, and detergents.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein the mixing is heterogeneous thereby producing a gradient optical nanocomposite.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein the optical nanocomposite is deposited on a surface.

5. The method of claim 1 further comprising a step wherein the nanofillers are suspended in water or a solvent prior to the mixing step.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein the nanofillers comprise a composition comprising at least three elements.

7. The method of claim 1 wherein the nanofillers are powders.

8. The method of claim 1 wherein the nanofillers comprise one or more elements selected from the group consisting:

of aluminum, barium, bismuth, cadmium, calcium, cerium, cesium, cobalt, copper, europium, gallium, gold, indium, iron, lanthanum, lithium, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, neodymium, nickel, niobium, palladium, platinum, potassium, praseodymium, scandium, silver, sodium, strontium, tantalum, tin, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, ytterbium, yttrium, zinc, and zirconium.

9. The method of claim 1 wherein the nanofillers comprise one or more elements selected from the group consisting of:

antimony, boron, bromine, carbon, chlorine, fluorine, germanium, hydrogen, iodine, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, selenium, silicon, sulfur, and tellurium.

10. The method of claim 1 wherein the nanofillers are coated with a polymer.

11. A product comprising the optical component prepared using the method of claim 1.

12. A device prepared using the method of claim 1.

13. The method of claim 1 wherein the matrix comprises an organic composition.

14. A method for preparing an optical filter comprising:

providing surface treated nanofillers with domain size less than 100 nanometers comprising particles with an aspect ratio greater than 1 and less than or equal to 3;

providing a polymer;

mixing the nanofillers with the polymer below a nanofillers loading of 80% by volume;

using the mixture of nanofillers and the matrix to produce an optical nanocomposite;

wherein the optical nanocomposite transmits a wavelength of light by an amount that differs by more than 20% as compared with an optical composite material of a similar composition with filler particles having a domain size of at least one micron; and

wherein the optical nanocomposite filters specific wavelengths of light.

15. The method of claim 14 wherein the mixing includes adding a secondary species material selected from the group consisting of dispersants, binders, modifiers, detergents, and additives.

16. The method of claim 14 wherein the mixing is heterogeneous thereby producing a gradient nanocomposite.

17. The method of claim 14 wherein the nanocomposite is deposited on a substrate.

18. The method of claim 14 wherein the nanofillers are powders.

19. The method of claim 14 wherein the nanofillers are chemically reduced at temperatures at or below 250 C prior to the mixing step.

20. The method of claim 14 wherein the nanofillers comprise whiskers.

21. The method of claim 14 wherein the nanofillers comprise two or more elements selected from the group consisting of:

aluminum, barium, bismuth, cadmium, calcium, cerium, cesium, cobalt, copper, europium, gallium, gold, indium, iron, lanthanum, lithium, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, neodymium, nickel, niobium, palladium, platinum, potassium, praseodymium, scandium, silver, sodium, strontium, tantalum, tin, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, ytterbium, yttrium, zinc, and zirconium.

22. The method of claim 14 wherein the nanofillers comprise one or more elements selected from the group consisting of:

antimony, boron, bromine, carbon, chlorine, fluorine, germanium, hydrogen, iodine, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, selenium, silicon, sulfur, and tellurium.

23. The method of claim 14 wherein the nanofillers comprise three or more elements selected from the group consisting of:

aluminum, barium, bismuth, cadmium, calcium, cerium, cesium, cobalt, copper, europium, gallium, gold, indium, iron, lanthanum, lithium, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, neodymium, nickel, niobium, palladium, platinum, potassium, praseodymium, scandium, silver, sodium, strontium, tantalum, tin, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, ytterbium, yttrium, zinc, and zirconium.

24. A product comprising the optical filter prepared using the method of claim 14 wherein the nanofillers comprise a particle surface comprising a coating of a phase that is compatible with the polymer wherein a precursor has been reacted with the particle surface of the nanofillers.

25. A device prepared using the method of claim 14 wherein the nanofillers comprise a particle surface comprising a coating of a phase that is compatible with the polymer wherein a precursor has been reacted with the particle surface of the nanofillers.

26. The method of claim 14 further comprising a step wherein the nanofillers are suspended in water or a solvent prior to the mixing step.