Direct contact liquid air contaminant control system

• US 7,252,703 B2
• Filed: 06/30/2003
• Issued: 08/07/2007
• Est. Priority Date: 06/30/2003
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Honeywell International Inc.
• Original Assignee: Honeywell International Inc.
• Inventors: MacKnight, Al
• Primary Examiner(s): Smith; Duane
• Assistant Examiner(s): WU, IVES J
• Application Number:
  US10/611,490
• Publication Number:
  US 20040265199A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,499 Days
• Field of Search: 952/18, 952/21, 952/36, 952/212, 95/36, 962/81, 962/82, 962/86, 96228-230
• US Class Current: 95/218
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2253/102 Carbon
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2257/504 Carbon dioxide
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2259/4566 for use in transportation means
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2259/4575 in aeroplanes or space ships
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/0454 Controlling adsorption controlling temperature swing adsorption B01D53/0462, controlling pressure swing adsorption B01D53/047
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/1412 Controlling the absorption process
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/1475 Removing carbon dioxide
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/18 Absorbing units; Liquid distributors therefor B01D3/16, B01D3/26, B01D3/30 take precedence; packing elements B01J19/30, B01J19/32
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/75 Multi-step processes
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/78 with gas-liquid contact
• CPC Class Codes: B63G 8/36 Adaptations of ventilation, e.g. schnorkels, cooling, heating, or air-conditioning reconditioning air in sealed chambers A62B11/00
• CPC Class Codes: B64D 13/00 Arrangements or adaptations of air-treatment apparatus for aircraft crew or passengers, or freight space , or structural parts of the aircraft treatment rooms with artificial climate for medical purposes A61G10/02; respiratory apparatus in general A62B; for vehicles in general B60H
• CPC Class Codes: B64D 2013/0651 comprising filters, e.g. dust filters
• CPC Class Codes: Y02A 50/20 Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
• CPC Class Codes: Y02C 20/40 of CO2
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 50/50 On board measures aiming to increase energy efficiency

Abstract

The direct contact liquid air contaminant control system and method to revitalize air by removal of carbon dioxide and other trace gas contaminants use a direct contact air, liquid scrubber element and stripper element. The scrubber element has two rotor elements rotatably mounted in a housing first for centrifugal separation of an air flow and liquid absorbent mixture which liquid absorbent has absorbed carbon dioxide and trace gas contaminants. Then second for centrifugal separation of an air flow and acid water wash mixture which acid water wash has liquid absorbent and other contaminants. The processed air is then passed through a charcoal bed filter for further removal of contaminants. A rotary contact processor may also be used to reprocess contaminated liquid absorbent for reuse.

Claims

1. A gravity independent method for removal of carbon dioxide and other trace contaminants from air used in environmental control, comprising the steps of:

introducing an air flow into a carbon dioxide scrubber rotor and spraying a liquid absorbent mist into said air flow;

rotating said carbon dioxide scrubber rotor to accumulate and remove said liquid absorbent containing absorbed carbon dioxide and trace contaminants from the carbon dioxide scrubber rotor;

passing said airflow downstream of said carbon dioxide scrubber rotor through a plurality of first air passages and a plurality of first mist separators to a liquid absorbent scrubber rotor;

spraying a liquid acid wash into said air flow;

rotating said liquid absorbent scrubber rotor to accumulate and remove said liquid acid wash containing liquid absorbent, carbon dioxide and trace contaminants from the liquid adsorbent scrubber rotor; and

passing air flow downstream of said liquid absorbent scrubber rotor through a fan to an air exhaust, whereby carbon dioxide and other trace contaminants may be removed from the airflow in variable gravity environments.

2. The method as in claim 1 wherein said extracted liquid absorbent is processed in a stripper element for reuse and wherein the pH of the accumulated acid wash is restored to a value of about 2 by addition of acetic acid.

3. A method for reconditioning a contaminated liquid absorbent in a gravity independent environmental control system, comprising the steps of:

heating a liquid absorbent containing a carbonate to a decomposition temperature in a liquid absorbent heater;

communicating said liquid absorbent into a scrubber;

spraying said liquid absorbent onto a rotating heat and mass transfer surface for separation of said liquid absorbent from an absorbed carbon dioxide;

accumulating said liquid absorbent for extraction from said scrubber by rotating the heat and mass transfer surface and removing the accumulated liquid absorbent from the scrubber with a pitot pump; and

passing said carbon dioxide through a plurality of mist separators for output from said scrubber, whereby said reconditioning may be performed in variable gravity environments.

4. The method as in claim 3 further comprising the steps of:

communicating said carbon dioxide into a second scrubber;

washing said carbon dioxide using a spray of a cold liquid absorbent;

spraying said cold liquid absorbent onto a rotating second-scrubber mass and heat transfer surface for separation of said cold liquid absorbent from said carbon dioxide;

accumulating said cold liquid absorbent for extraction from said second scrubber by rotating the second-scrubber heat and mass transfer surface; and

passing said carbon dioxide through a plurality of mist separators for output from said second scrubber.

5. The method as in claim 3 wherein said liquid absorbent is processed through a subsequent scrubber.

6. The method as in claim 4 wherein said cold liquid absorbent is processed through a subsequent scrubber.