Image data processing apparatus, image data processing method, and computer readable medium

• US 7,280,701 B2
• Filed: 04/15/2004
• Issued: 10/09/2007
• Est. Priority Date: 05/20/2003
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Fujitsu Limited
• Original Assignee: Fujitsu Limited
• Inventors: Noda, Tsugio, Moroo, Jun
• Primary Examiner(s): Couso; Jose L.
• Application Number:
  US10/824,528
• Publication Number:
  US 20040234139A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,272 Days
• Field of Search: 382/100, 382/232, 382/239, 358/3.28, 380201-203, 380231-234, 380/287, 348/460, 370527-529, 705/44, 713/176
• US Class Current: 382/239
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 1/0021 Image watermarking
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2201/0051 Embedding of the watermark in the spatial domain
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2201/0061 Embedding of the watermark in each block of the image, e.g. segmented watermarking
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2201/0083 whereby only watermarked image required at decoder, e.g. source-based, blind, oblivious

Abstract

To reduce the processing required to embed a code into image data and decode the code. The present invention includes a block dividing section 101 that divides original image data 10 into a plurality of blocks (M×N); an averaging section 103 that extracts each average density (characteristic amount) in a plurality of blocks; and an encoding section 106 that embeds a code C (a plurality of bits) into a plurality of blocks by relating one code (one bit out of the code C) to each pair of blocks mutually located in near position in the plurality of blocks based on a magnitude relation of the average density.

Claims

1. An image-data processing apparatus for embedding a code into image data, said image-data processing apparatus comprising:

a dividing unit that divides the image data into a plurality of blocks;

a characteristic-amount extracting unit that extracts a characteristic amount of each of the blocks; and

an encoding unit that generates image data into which a code is embedded based on a magnitude relation between characteristic amounts of each pair of two blocks extracted by said characteristic-amount extracting unit, wherein

said encoding unit decides whether the magnitude relation between characteristic amounts of the pair of blocks coincides with a code to be embedded,

if the magnitude relation between the characteristic amounts of the pair of blocks coincides with the code to be embedded, then said encoding unit maintains the magnitude relation between the characteristic amounts of the pair of blocks extracted by said characteristic amount extracting unit, and

if the magnitude relation between the characteristic amounts of the pair of blocks does not coincide with the code to be embedded, then said encoding unit calculates an average of the characteristic amounts of the pair of blocks, calculates respective new characteristic amounts for the pair of blocks by calculating a new characteristic amount for a block having a smaller characteristic amount in the pair of blocks by adding a predetermined value to the average and calculating a new characteristic amount for a block having a larger characteristic amount in the pair of blocks by subtracting a predetermined value from the average, and generates the image data in which the characteristic amount of each block in the pair of blocks is changed to the respective calculated new characteristic amounts.

2. The image-data processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein if the magnitude relation between the characteristic amounts of the pair of blocks does not coincide with the code to be embedded, and if a difference between the characteristic amounts is larger than an upper threshold, then said encoding unit does not change the characteristic amounts.

3. The image-data processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein if the magnitude relation between the characteristic amounts of the pair of blocks coincides with the code to be embedded, and if a difference between the characteristic amounts is smaller than a lower threshold, then said encoding unit changes the characteristic amounts in such a manner that the difference becomes equal to or larger than the lower threshold.

4. The image-data processing apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:

an error-correction-code generating unit that encodes the code to be embedded using error correction coding, to generate an error correction code,

wherein said encoding unit generates image data in which a plurality of error correction nodes are embedded by associating the code based on the magnitude relation between the characteristic amounts of the pair of blocks with the error correction code generated by said error-correction-code generating unit.

5. The image-data processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the pair of blocks is formed with two adjacent blocks.

6. The image-data processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said characteristic-amount extracting unit extracts the characteristic amount from a portion of each of the blocks.

7. The image-data processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:

said characteristic-amount extracting unit extracts the characteristic amount related to a specific color,

said encoding unit decides whether the magnitude relation between the specific color related characteristic amounts of the pair of blocks coincides with the code to be embedded.

if the magnitude relation between the specific color related characteristic amounts of the pair of blocks coincides with the code to be embedded, then said encoding unit maintains the magnitude relation between the specific color related characteristic amounts, and

if the magnitude relation between the specific color related characteristic amounts of the pair of blocks does not coincide with the code to be embedded, then said encoding unit calculates an average of the specific color related characteristic amounts of the pair of blocks calculates respective new characteristic amounts for the pair of blocks by calculating a new characteristic amount for a block having a smaller specific color related characteristic amount in the pair of blocks by adding a predetermined value to the average and calculating a new characteristic amount for a block having a larger specific color related characteristic amount in the pair of blocks by subtracting a predetermined value from the average, and generates the image data in which the specific color related characteristic amount of each block in the pair of blocks is changed to the respective calculated new characteristic amounts.

8. The image-data processing apparatus according to claim 7, wherein:

said characteristic-amount extracting unit extracts the characteristic amount for a yellow component, and

said encoding unit embeds the code based on a magnitude relation between characteristic amounts for the yellow component.

9. The image-data processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said encoding unit adds a cut-out mark pixel in the image data in which the code is embedded.

10. The image-data processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said characteristic amount includes at least one of average density, granularity, chroma, density barycenter, and variance.

11. The image-data processing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said encoding unit repeatedly embeds a plurality of codes into the image data.

12. An image-data processing method of embedding a code into image data, said image-data processing method comprising:

dividing the image data into a plurality of blocks;

extracting a characteristic amount of each of the blocks; and

encoding including generating image data into which a code is embedded based on a magnitude relation between characteristic amounts of each pair of two blocks extracted at said extracting,

wherein said encoding includes

deciding whether the magnitude relation between characteristic amounts of the pair of blocks coincides with a code to be embedded,

maintaining, if the magnitude relation between the characteristic amounts of the pair of blocks coincides with the code to be embedded, the magnitude between the characteristic amounts extracted at said extracting,

if the magnitude relation between the characteristic amounts of the pair of blocks does not coincide with the code to be embedded,

calculating an average of the characteristic amounts of the pair of blocks,

calculating respective new characteristic amounts for the pair of blocks by calculating a new characteristic amount for a block having a smaller characteristic amount in the pair of blocks by adding a predetermined value to the average and calculating a new characteristic amount for a block having a larger characteristic amount in the pair of blocks by subtracting a predetermined value from the average, and

generating the image data in which the characteristic amount of each block in the pair of blocks is changed to the respective calculated new characteristic amounts.

13. The image-data processing method according to claim 12, wherein if the magnitude relation between the characteristic amounts of the pair of blocks does not coincide with the code to be embedded, and if a difference between the characteristic amounts is larger than an upper threshold, the encoding includes not changing the characteristic amounts.

14. The image-data processing method according to claim 12, wherein if the magnitude relation between the characteristic amounts of the pair of blocks coincides with the code to be embedded, arid if a difference between the characteristic amounts is smaller than a lower threshold, the encoding includes changing the characteristic amounts in such a manner that the difference becomes equal to or larger than the lower threshold.

15. The image-data processing method according to claim 12, further comprising generating an error correction code by encoding the code to be embedded using error correction coding,

wherein said encoding includes generating image data in which a plurality of error correction codes are embedded by associating the code based on the magnitude relation between the characteristic amounts of the pair of blocks with the error correction code generated at said generating.

16. The image-data processing method according to claim 12, wherein the pair of blocks is formed with two adjacent blocks.

17. The image-data processing method according to claim 12, wherein said extracting includes extracting the characteristic amount from a portion of each of the blocks.

18. The image-data processing method according to claim 12, wherein:

said extracting includes extracting the characteristic amount related to a specific color, and

said encoding includes

deciding whether the magnitude relation between the specific color related characteristic amounts of the pair of blocks coincides with the code to be embedded.

maintaining, if the magnitude relation between the specific color related characteristic amounts of the pair of blocks coincides with the code to be embedded, the magnitude relation between the specific color related characteristic amounts, and

if the magnitude relation between the specific color related characteristic amounts of the pair of blocks does not coincide with the code to be embedded,

calculating an average of the specific color related characteristic amounts of the pair of blocks,

calculating respective new characteristic amounts for the pair of block by calculating a new characteristic amount for a block having a smaller specific color related characteristic amount in the pair of blocks by adding a predetermined value to the average and calculating a new characteristic amount for a block having a larger specific color related characteristic amount in the pair of blocks by subtracting a predetermined value from the average, and

generating the image data in which the specific color related characteristic amount of each block in the pair of blocks is changed to the respective calculated new characteristic amounts.

19. The image-data processing method according to claim 18, wherein:

said extracting includes extracting the characteristic amount for a yellow component, and

said encoding includes embedding the code based on a magnitude relation between characteristic amounts for the yellow component.

20. The image-data processing method according to claim 12, wherein said encoding includes adding a cut-out mark pixel in the image data in which the code is embedded.

21. The image-data processing method according to claim 12, wherein said characteristic amount includes at least one of average density, granularity, chroma, density barycenter, and variance.

22. The image-data processing method according to claim 12, wherein said encoding includes repeatedly embedding a plurality of codes into the image data.

23. A computer readable medium storing an image data processing program for embedding a code into image data by controlling an apparatus to perform operations comprising:

dividing the image date into a plurality of blocks;

extracting a characteristic amount of each of the blocks; and

encoding including generating image data into which a code is embedded based on a magnitude relation between characteristic amounts of each pair of two blocks extracted by said characteristic-amount extracting,

wherein said encoding further includes;

deciding whether the magnitude relation between characteristic amounts of the pair of blocks coincides with a code to be embedded,

if the magnitude relation between the characteristic amounts of the pair of blocks coincides with the code to be embedded, maintaining the magnitude relation between the characteristic amounts extracted, and

if the magnitude relation between the characteristic amounts of the pair of blocks does not coincide with the code to be embedded, calculating an average of the characteristic amounts of the pair of blocks, calculating respective new characteristic amounts for the pair of blocks by calculating a new characteristic amount for a block having a smaller characteristic amount in the pair of blocks by adding a predetermined value to the average and calculating a new characteristic amount for a block having a larger characteristic amount in the pair of blocks by subtracting a predetermined value from the average, and generating the image data in which the characteristic amount of each block in the pair of blocks is changed to the respective calculated new characteristic amounts.

24. The computer readable medium according to claim 23, wherein if the magnitude relation between the characteristic amounts of the pair of blocks does not coincide with the code to be embedded, and if a difference between the characteristic amounts is larger then an upper threshold, the encoding does not change the characteristic amounts.

25. The computer readable medium according to claim 23, wherein if the magnitude relation between the characteristic amounts of the pair of blocks coincides with the code to be embedded, and if a difference between the characteristic amounts is smaller than a lower threshold, the encoding changes the characteristic amounts in such a manner that the difference becomes equal to or larger than the lower threshold.

26. The computer readable medium according to claim 23, wherein the operations further comprise encoding the code to be embedded using error correction coding to generate an error correction code, wherein

said encoding generates image data in which a plurality of error correction codes are embedded by associating the code based on the magnitude relation between the characteristic amounts of the pair of blocks with the generated error correction code.

27. The computer readable medium according to claim 23, wherein the pair of blocks is formed with two adjacent blocks.

28. The computer readable medium according to claim 23, wherein said extracting extracts the characteristic amount from a portion of each of the blocks.

29. The computer readable medium according to claim 23, wherein:

said extracting extracts the characteristic amount related to a specific color, and

said encoding includes;

deciding whether the magnitude relation between the specific color related characteristic amounts of the pair of blocks coincides with the code to be embedded,

if the magnitude relation between the specific color related characteristic amounts of the pair of blocks coincides with the code to be embedded, said encoding maintains the magnitude relation between the specific color related characteristic amounts, and

if the magnitude relation between the specific color related characteristic amounts of the pair of blocks does not coincide with the code to be embedded, said encoding calculates an average of the specific color related characteristic amounts of the pair of blocks, calculates respective new characteristic amounts for the pair of blocks by calculating a new characteristic amount for a block having a smaller specific color related characteristic amount in the pair of blocks by adding a predetermined value to the average and calculating a new characteristic amount for a block having a larger specific color related characteristic amount in the pair of blocks by subtracting a predetermined value from the average, and generates the image data in which the specific color related characteristic amount of each block in the pair of blocks is changed to the respective calculated new characteristic amounts.

30. The computer readable medium according to claim 29, wherein

said extracting extracts the characteristic amount for a yellow component, and

said encoding embeds the code based on a magnitude relation between characteristic amounts for the yellow component.

31. The computer readable medium according to claim 23 wherein said encoding adds a cut-out mark pixel in the image data in which the code is embedded.

32. The computer readable medium according to claim 23, wherein said characteristic amount includes at least one of average density, granularity, chroma, density barycenter, and variance.

33. The computer readable medium according to claim 23, wherein said encoding repeatedly embeds a plurality of codes into the image data.

34. An image-data processing system for embedding a coda into image data and extracting a code embedded in image data, said image-data processing system comprising:

an image-data encoding device that includes;

a dividing unit that divides the image data into a plurality of blocks,

a characteristic-amount extracting unit that extracts a characteristic amount of each of the blocks, and

an encoding unit that generates image data into which a code is embedded based on a magnitude relation between characteristic amounts of each pair of two blocks extracted by said characteristic-amount extracting unit, wherein

said encoding unit decides whether the magnitude relation between characteristic amounts of the pair of blocks coincides with a code to be embedded,

if the magnitude relation between the characteristic amounts of the pair of blocks coincides with the code to be embedded, then said encoding unit maintains the magnitude relation between the characteristic amounts of the pair of blocks extracted by said characteristic-amount extracting unit, and

if the magnitude relation between the characteristic amounts of the pair of blocks does not coincide with the code to be embedded, then said encoding unit calculates an average of the characteristic amounts of the pair of blocks, calculates respective new characteristic amounts for the pair of blocks by calculating a new characteristic amount for a block having a smaller characteristic amount in the pair of blocks by adding a predetermined value to the average and calculating a new characteristic amount for a block having a larger characteristic amount in the pair of blocks by subtracting a predetermined value from the average, and generates the image data in which the characteristic amount of each block in the pair of blocks is changed to the respective calculated new characteristic amounts; and

an image-data decoding device that includes;

a dividing unit that divides the image data into a plurality of blocks,

a characteristic-amount extracting unit that extracts a characteristic amount of each of the blocks, and

a decoding unit that extracts a code from a pair of blocks based on a magnitude relation between the characteristic amounts of the pair of blocks.