Mold-in method and apparatus

• US 7,389,132 B2
• Filed: 01/06/2004
• Issued: 06/17/2008
• Est. Priority Date: 03/17/2000
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Gin-Chung Wang
• Original Assignee: Wei-Kung Wang
• Inventors: Wang, Gin-Chung, Wang, Wei-Kung
• Primary Examiner(s): Marmor, III; Charles A.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Natnithithadha; Navin
• Application Number:
  US10/752,437
• Publication Number:
  US 20040210120A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,624 Days
• Field of Search: 600/300, 600/301, 600309-366
• US Class Current: 600/345
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/05 Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves impedance plethysmography A61B5/0295; measuring movement of the entire body or parts thereof A61B5/11; detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof A61B5/24
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14532 for measuring glucose, e.g. by tissue impedance measurement
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14546 for measuring analytes not otherwise provided for, e.g. ions, cytochromes
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/1455 using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/416 the spleen
• CPC Class Codes: H04M 2201/40 using speech recognition speech recognition per se G10L15/00
• CPC Class Codes: H04M 3/22 Arrangements for supervision, monitoring or testing
• CPC Class Codes: H04M 7/0003 Interconnection between telephone networks and data networks

Abstract

The present invention mainly relates to a method and apparatus for measuring the concentration of a solute in a solvent. Disclosed is an apparatus or method for determining the concentration of a solute in a solvent of a solution in a container having a time-varying volume by analyzing two signals received from the solution, comprising: measuring the quantity of the two received signals, converting the two signals into two electro-optical or electrical signals, performing a mathematical transformation on the two electro-optical or electrical signals, and determining the ratio of the transformation components of the two electro-optical or electrical signals. The present invention can be used in various applications of determining the ingredient concentration of a fluid, such as a gas or liquid. Particularly, the present invention finds applications in blood analysis in a human body for measuring, for example, the glucose, triglycerol, cholesterol, or oxyhemoglobin concentrations of the blood.

Claims

1. An apparatus for analyzing parameters in a volume with V=V(t), where t is time, said volume comprising a plurality of substances;

the apparatus comprising;

a first signal source A=A(t), said first signal source being representative of a first substance comprising the volume;

a second signal source B=B(t), said second signal source being representative of a second substance comprising the volume with A(t)=B(t)K₀, where K₀>

1, V(t)=B(t)K₁, where K₀, K₁ are stationary in a time interval t₀, where t₀ is any real value; and

a first detector to measure a first signal assigned as C′

(t) according to the time interval t₀, where C′

(t) can be either V′

(t) related to the volume by V′

(t)=V(t)+N_V(t) or A′

(t) related to the first signal source by A′

(t)=A(t)+N_A(t), wherein N_A(t) is the noise of A(t), and N_V(t) is the noise of V(t) during the measurement time interval t₀,

a second detector to measure a second signal assigned as B′

(t) according to a time interval t₀, where B′

(t) is related to the second signal source by B′

(t)=B(t)+N_B(t), wherein N_B(t) is the noise of B(t) during the measurement time interval t₀,

wherein the first and second signals C′

(t) and B′

(t) are transferred into electro optical signals by a signal converter and sent into a data processor to analyze either K₀ for determining the concentration of the second substance with respect to the first substance or K₁ for determining the concentration of the second substance with respect to the volume.

2. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein V=V(t) comprises:

an additional property of V(t)=K2P(t), where P(t) is the pressure in V(t), K2 is stationary in the time interval t0, and t0 is any real number; and

detectors to measure P′

(t)=P(t)+N_P(t), wherein N_P(t) is the noise of P(t) during the measurement time interval t₀, to transfer the measured B′

(t) and P′

(t) into electro-optical signal and send the signal into a data processor to analyze K₂.

3. An apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein the concentration of B is calculated from K₂.

4. An apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein the elasticity of V(t) is calculated from K₂.

5. An apparatus as claimed in claim 4, wherein the V is a pixie of V(x,y,z), a much larger volume.

6. An apparatus as claimed in claim 5, wherein the V(x,y,z) is compared with V(x+Δ

x,y+Δ

y,z+Δ

z) in which Δ

x, Δ

y, Δ

z are the size of the pixie.

7. An apparatus as claimed in claim 5, wherein the V(x,y,z) is compared with Vs(x,y,z) a stored value in the processor.

8. An apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein the t_m is found at which V(t_m)=V at maximum volume from A(t) or P(t).

9. An apparatus as claimed in claim 8, wherein the V(t_m) is guiding the injection of an ingredient into V at t_m.

10. An apparatus as claimed in claim 9, further comprising an ingredient detector for injecting another ingredient in accordance with the result of the detector.

11. An apparatus as claimed in claim 10, wherein said ingredient comprises glucose and said another ingredient comprises insulin.

12. An apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein K₂ is used to analyze the concentration of B.

13. An apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein one of the P′

(t) or C′

(t) is assigned as L′

(t), said data processor analyze the original data B′

(t) and E′

(t) by the following steps;

performing a mathematical transformation T on both E′

(t) and B′

(t);

estimating K_R from the following relation;

F_i[E′

(t)]/Fi[B′

(t)]≈

K_R, R;

0, or 1, or 2 accordingly where F_i is the i^th order component of the transformation T; and

determining the ratio of two signals E(t) and B(t) from the estimated K_R.

14. An apparatus as claimed in claim 13, wherein the mathematical transformation T is linear, said processor further performing the steps of:

identifying and estimating F_i[N_B(t)] by the noise around F_i[E(t)]; and

determining the estimated K_R from the following relation;

{F_i[E′

(t)]−

F_i[N_B(t)]}/{F_i[B′

(t)]−

F_i[N_B(t)]}≈

K_R.

15. An apparatus as claimed in claim 13, the processor further performing the step of:

approximation K_R from the largest value of Fi[E′

(t)]−

Fi[NB(t)] for all kinds of linear transformation T and all possible orders of the transformation T, based on the following relation;

{F_i[E′

(t)]−

F_i[N_B(t)]}/{F_i[B′

(t)]−

F_i[N_B(t)]}≦

K_R.

16. An apparatus as claimed in claim 13, wherein

E′

(t) is statistically confident to be not noisy such that N_E(t)≈

0,

E′

(t)=E(t)+N_E≈

E(t),

B′

(t)=B(t)+N_B(t), and

E(t)=K_R*B(t),

said method comprising the steps of;

performing a mathematical transformation T on both E′

(t) and B′

(t);

estimating K_R from the following relation;

F_i[E′

(t)]/Fi[B′

(t)]≈

KR

where Fi is the i^th order component of the transformation T and the position of Fi[B′

(t)] is identified by the noise around F_i[E′

(t)]; and

determining the ratio of two signals E(t) and B(t) from the estimated K_R.

17. An apparatus as claimed in claim 16, wherein the mathematical transformation T is linear, further comprising the steps of:

identifying and estimating F_i[N_B(t)] by the noise around F_i[E(t)], and denoting the estimating of F_i[N_B(t)] to be F_i[N_E(t)]; and

estimating K_R from the following relation;

F_i[E(t)]/{F_i[B′

(t)]−

F_i[N(t)]}≈

K_R.

18. An apparatus as claimed in claim 17, further comprising the steps of:

approximation K_R from the largest value of Fi[E′

(t)]−

Fi[NB(t)] for all kinds of linear transformation T and all possible orders i of the transformation T, based on the following relation;

F_i[E(t)]/{F_i[B′

(t)]−

F_i[N(t)]}≦

K_R.

19. An apparatus as claimed in claim 13, wherein the transformation T is Fourier transform.

20. An apparatus as claimed in claim 19, wherein the F_i is F₁, the first harmonic of the Fourier transform.

21. An apparatus as claimed in claim 13, wherein the step for determining a ratio of two signals E(t) and B(t) based on two real signals E′

(t) and B″

(t) including noise N_E(t) and N_B(t), respectively, wherein;

E′

(t) is a least noisy signal;

E′

(t)=E(t)+N_E(t),

B′

(t)=B(t)+N_B(t), and

E(t)=K_R*B(t),

comprising the steps of;

identifying the minimum of B(t), B′

(t)_min, by E′

(t); and

removing the static noise by [B′

(t)−

B′

(t)_min].

22. An apparatus as claimed in claim 21, further comprising the steps of approximating K_R by using the following relation:

Maximum of [E(t)−

E(t)_min]/Maximum of [B(t)−

B(t)_min]≈

K_R,

where E(t)_min and B(t)_min are the minimum of E(t) and B(t), respectively.

23. An apparatus as claimed in claim 21, further comprising the steps of approximating K_R by using the following relation:

F_i[E(t)−

E(t)_min]/F_i[B′

(t)−

B(t)_min]≈

K_R,

where both E(t) and B(t) are periodic and E(t)_min and B(t)_min are the minimum of E(t) and B(t), and F_i is the i^st order of a transformation.

24. An apparatus as claimed in claim 13, wherein the volume comprises blood, the blood pressure is measured by signal E′

(t).

25. An apparatus as claimed in claim 24, further comprising a instrument for measuring the blood flow F′

(t) in the volume, and means for determining K_p, which is an indicator of perfusion efficiency, based on the following relation;

F(t)=K_pE(t).

26. An apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein the volume change in a periodic way.

27. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein a signal source comprises hemoglobin.

28. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein K₀ or K₁ is used to analyze the concentration of B.

29. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the signal comprises induced signal.

30. An apparatus as claimed in claim 29, wherein the signal comprises and electromagnetic wave.

31. An apparatus as claimed in claim 29, wherein the induced signal comprises mechanical wave.

32. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein a signal source in the volume comprises a marker.

33. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the volume comprises blood.

34. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the volume comprises tissue.

35. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein a signal source comprises uric acid.

36. An apparatus as claimed in claim 2 further comprises a pressure source for generating the volume change.

37. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein volume change in a periodic way.

38. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein signal is transmitted through communication.

39. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the volume is in a man-made system.

40. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the signal source comprises DNA.

41. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the signal source comprises RNA.

42. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the signal source comprises protein.

43. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the signal source comprises colored molecular.

44. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the signal source comprises glucose.

45. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the signal source comprises cholesterol.

46. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the signal source comprises triglycerol.

47. An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the signal source comprises enamation.