System and method for identifying a spatial code

• US 7,441,704 B2
• Filed: 03/03/2006
• Issued: 10/28/2008
• Est. Priority Date: 03/03/2006
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: NCR Corporation
• Original Assignee: NCR Corporation
• Inventors: Ross, Gary A.
• Primary Examiner(s): ST CYR, DANIEL
• Application Number:
  US11/367,974
• Publication Number:
  US 20070205284A1
• Time in Patent Office: 970 Days
• Field of Search: 235/462.04, 235/462.31, 235/491, 235/454, 252/301.16, 252/301.21, 252/301.33, 283/72
• US Class Current: 235/454
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/06009 with optically detectable marking G06K19/063, G06K19/08 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/06046 Constructional details
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/08 using markings of different kinds or more than one marking of the same kind in the same record carrier, e.g. one marking being sensed by optical and the other by magnetic means

Abstract

A system and method are provided for identifying a one- or multi-dimensional spatial code comprising a plurality of security tags with one or more characteristic emission profiles. The spatial codes are identified on the basis of the combined spatial and spectral information. The system for identifying such spatial codes is comprised of a beam source, a detector, and a processor. The method includes illuminating the code, recording the light emission at a plurality of wavelengths, decoding the spatial information, resolving the spectral profiles, and identifying the code based on the spatial and spectral information. The system and method are applicable to validating a spatial code.

Claims

1. A system for identifying a spatial code applied to an object, where the spatial code includes a plurality of security tags having one or more characteristic emission spectral profiles, the system comprising:

a beam source operable to illuminate said spatial code, to stimulate light emission from the security tags in the code, simultaneously from the entire code,

a detector operable to record the light emission from the security tags, at each of a plurality of wavelengths, when the code is illuminated by said source, the detector further comprising (a) an image detector for recording a spatial image of light emission from the tags in the code, (b) an optical spectrometer for recording an emission profile of the tags in the code, and (c) a beam splitter for splitting emitted light from the code to both the image detector and the optical spectrometer; and

a processor, coupled to the detector and the beam source, which is operable to (i) cause the beam source to illuminate said spatial code in a sequence of a plurality of time-spaced illuminations, the beam source illuminating the spatial code with a different set of illumination wavelengths for each of the plurality of time-spaced illuminations;

(ii) cause the detector to record a spatial image of light emissions from the security tags in the code for each of the plurality of time-spaced illuminations;

(iii) cause the optical spectrometer to record the emission profile from the security tags for each of the plurality of time-spaced illuminations;

(iv) decode a time-spaced spatial code for each of the plurality of time-spaced illuminations using the spatial image of light emissions for each of the plurality of time-spaced illuminations;

(v) resolve the emission spectral profiles from the security tags for each of the plurality of time-spaced illuminations to derive spectral information for each of the plurality of time-spaced illuminations therefrom, by resolving the spectrum into a plurality of wavelengths; and

(vi) identify the spatial code on the basis of the combined time-spaced spatial codes and time-spaced spectral information.

2. The system of claim 1, for use in identifying an object whose spatial code has two or more different types of tags, each with a different characteristic excitation wavelength, and said beam source is effective, under control of the processor, to illuminate the code for a first time period at a first excitation frequency but not at a second excitation frequency, and for a second time period at the second excitation frequency but not at the first excitation frequency, where the first and second excitation frequencies correspond to excitation wavelengths of two different types of tags.

3. The system of claim 1, for use in identifying a spatial code having a one-dimensional spatial image, wherein the detector includes (i) a two-dimensional detector and (ii) a spectral separator for separating light emitted from the code into a plurality of one-dimensional bands, each having a different wavelength, such that the detector records the spatial image of the code at each of a plurality of one-dimensional bands, where each band is at a different emission wavelength.

4. The system of claim 3, wherein the spectral separator is selected from one of (i) a diffraction grating, (ii) a refracting optical element and (iii) a plurality of bandpass filters, each corresponding to one of said bands.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein said beam source is operable to illuminate the spatial code at each of said different excitation wavelengths, said detector includes an image detector operable to record the spatial image of light emission from the tags in a label at each of a plurality of illuminating wavelengths, and said processor uses information recorded at each of the illuminating wavelengths to resolve the emission spectral profiles from the security tags to derive spectral information therefrom.

6. The system of claim 1, wherein said detector includes an image detector operable to record the spatial image of light emission from the tags in a label at each of a plurality of different emission wavelengths, and said processor uses information recorded at each of the different emission wavelengths to resolve the emission spectral profiles from the security tags to derive spectral information therefrom.

7. The system of claim 1, for use in identifying an object whose security tags are luminophores, wherein the processor is also operatively connected to the beam source to deliver illumination pulses by controlling illumination times of the beam source, and said detector is operable to record emission from the tags with a time delay, with respect to an illumination pulse, that enhances the signal to noise ratio of light emission from the tags.

8. The system of claim 7, wherein the tags in the spatial code are each composed of a host and a rare-earth dopant combination, where the dopant is incorporated in and interacts with the host to provide the distinctive emission profile identifying that tag, and the detector is operable to record emission from the tags with a time delay, with respect to an excitation laser pulse, of at least about 100 nanoseconds.

9. The system of claim 8, wherein the tags in the spatial code are selected from the group of lanthanides excepting lanthanum, the host is selected from the group of glass and plastic, and the detector is operable to record emission from the tags with a time delay, with respect to an excitation laser pulse, of 100 nanoseconds.

10. The system of claim 1, for use in validating said spatial code, wherein said processor operates, in carrying out step (iii), to validate the spatial code only if the spectral information fulfils a predetermined acceptance criterion.

11. The system of claim 10, wherein the predetermined acceptance criterion is the presence of spectral information associated with one of the security tags.

12. The system of claim 10, wherein the predetermined acceptance criterion is a spectral signature associated with one of the security tags.

13. A method for identifying a spatial code applied to an object, where the spatial code includes a plurality of security tags having one or more characteristic emission spectral profiles, the method comprising:

(a) illuminating said spatial code with a beam source in a sequence of a plurality of time-spaced illuminations, each of the plurality of time-spaced illuminations having a different set of illumination wavelengths, to stimulate light emission from the security tags in the code, simultaneously from the entire code;

(b) recording a light emission from the security tags for each of the plurality of time-spaced illuminations, including (i) recording a spatial image of light emission from the tags in the code with an image detector for each of the plurality of time-spaced illuminations to derive spatial information for each of the plurality of time-spaced illuminations therefrom, (ii) recording the emission profile of the tags in the code with an optical spectrometer for each of the plurality of time-spaced illuminations to derive spectral-emission information for each of the plurality of time-spaced illuminations therefrom, and (iii) splitting emitted light from the code to both the image detector and the optical spectrometer with a beam splitter;

(c) decoding a spatial code for each of the plurality of time-spaced illuminations using the spatial information for each of the plurality of time-spaced illuminations;

(d) resolving the emission spectral profile(s) from the security tags for each of the plurality of time-spaced illuminations to derive spectral information for each of the plurality of time-spaced illuminations therefrom, by resolving the spectrum into a plurality of wavelengths; and

(e) identifying the spatial code on the basis of the combined time-spaced spatial codes and time-spaced spectral information from (c) and (d).

14. The method of claim 13, for use in identifying an object whose spatial code has two or more different types of tags, each with a different characteristic excitation wavelength, and said illuminating step (a) includes illuminating the code at each of two or more different excitation wavelengths.

15. The method of claim 13, for use in identifying a spatial code having a one-dimensional spatial image, wherein recording step (b) includes recording the spatial image at each of a plurality of one-dimensional bands on a two-dimensional image detector.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein said recording step (b) includes separating the spatial image into a plurality of different-wavelength bands, using a spectral separator selected from one of (i) a diffraction grating, (ii) a refracting optical element and (iii) a plurality of bandpass filters.

17. The method of claim 13, wherein said illuminating step (a) includes illuminating the spatial code at each of a plurality of different excitation wavelengths, said recording step (b) includes recording the spatial image of light emission from the tags in a label at each of a plurality of illuminating wavelengths, and said resolving step (c) includes using information recorded at each of the different illuminating wavelengths to resolve the emission spectral profiles from the security tags to derive spectral information therefrom.

18. The method of claim 13, wherein recording step (b) includes recording the spatial image of light emission from the tags with an image detector, at each of a plurality of different emission wavelengths, and resolving step (c) includes using information recorded at each of a plurality of different emission wavelengths to resolve the emission spectral profiles from the security tags to derive spectral information therefrom.

19. The method of claim 13, for use in identifying an object whose security tags are luminophores, wherein said illuminating step (a) includes illuminating the code with a pulsed beam, and said recording step (b) is operable to record emission from the tags with a time delay, with respect to the illumination pulse, that enhances the signal to noise ratio of light emission from the tags.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein the tags in the spatial code are each composed of a host and a rare-earth dopant combination, where the dopant is incorporated in and interacts with the host to provide the distinctive emission profile identifying that tag, and the detector is operable to record emission from the tags with a time delay, with respect to an excitation laser pulse, of at least about 100 nanoseconds.

21. The method of claim 20, wherein the tags in the spatial code are selected from the group of lanthanides excepting lanthanum, the host is selected from the group of glass and plastic, and recording step (b) is operable to record emission from the tags with a time delay, with respect to an illumination pulse, of 100 nanoseconds.

22. The method of claim 13, for use in validating said spatial code, wherein identifying step (e) includes identifying the spatial code on the basis of the combined spatial and spectral information from (c) and (d), and comparing the identified code with a known or expected set of one or more codes.