Notification platform architecture

• US 7,457,879 B2
• Filed: 04/19/2007
• Issued: 11/25/2008
• Est. Priority Date: 04/01/2003
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Microsoft Technology Licensing LLC (Microsoft Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Microsoft Corporation
• Inventors: Horvitz, Eric J., Jacobs, Andrew W., Kadie, Carl M., Hovel, David O.
• Primary Examiner(s): Vaughn, Jr.; William C.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Mesfin; Yemane
• Application Number:
  US11/737,247
• Publication Number:
  US 20070288932A1
• Time in Patent Office: 586 Days
• Field of Search: 709/206, 709/207, 709/219, 709/245, 709/238, 709/240, 709223-225, 709/232, 706/11, 706/45, 706/46, 706/52, 706/61
• US Class Current: 709/227
• CPC Class Codes: G06Q 10/107 Computer-aided management of electronic mailing [e-mailing]

Abstract

The present invention relates to a system and methodology to enable a variety of information associated with one or more notification sources to be directed to one or more notification sinks via a notification platform architecture. The architecture includes a context analyzer for determining a user'"'"'s state such as location and attentional focus, wherein the user'"'"'s state is employed by a notification manager to make decisions regarding what, when and how information generated by the notification sources should be forwarded to the notification sinks, for example. These decisions can include a cost benefit analysis wherein considerations are given as to whether the benefits of notifying the user are outweighed by the costs of disrupting the user. Decision-theoretic policies and/or somewhat less formal heuristic policies can be employed to enable the decision-making process within the notification manager.

Claims

1. A notification system embodied on a computer-readable storage medium, comprising:

a context analyzer configured to store information regarding notification parameters, the context analyzer comprising;

a user notification parameters store configured to store default notification preferences for a user, and

a user context module configured to determine a current context of the user based on at least one context source, the current context includes at least an inference of a current attentional focus of the user;

at least one notification source configured to generate notifications intended for the user;

at least one notification sink configured to provide the notifications to the user; and

a notification manager configured to convey the notifications generated by the at least one notification source to the at least one notification sink based on the information stored in the context analyzer by performing a decision-theoretic analysis, wherein the notification parameters represent at least;

an importance of a current notification generated by the notification source indicating value of information contained in the current notification to the user;

a time criticality of the current notification generated by the notification source indicating time-dependent decay of the value of the information contained in the current notification to the user;

a relevance of the current notification indicating a likelihood of the relevance of information contained in the current notification to the user;

a novelty of the current notification indicating a likelihood that the user already knows the information; and

a fidelity of the current notification indicating a loss of value to the user of the information upon truncation of the information.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least one notification sink is configured to provide the notifications to the user and has parameters associated with it representing:

a device class of the notification sink indicating a type of device thereof;

a transmission reliability of the notification sink indicating a likelihood that the user will receive information contained within a notification conveyed to the notification sink given the type of device and quality of communication to the device;

a cost of communication of the notification sink indicating a communication cost incurred by the user when receiving information contained within a notification conveyed to the notification sink;

or

a cost of disruption of the notification sink indicating a disruption cost incurred by the user when receiving information contained within a notification conveyed to the notification sink;

or

combinations thereof.

3. A notification system embodied on a computer-readable storage medium, comprising:

a context analyzer configured to determine a context associated with an entity and to access and store information regarding context information and notification parameters; and

a notification manager configured to convey one or more notifications to the entity based at least in part on the determined context,

at least one notification source configured to generate the one or more notifications; and

at least one notification sink configured to receive the one or more notifications, the at least one notification sink having parameters associated with it representing;

an importance of a current notification generated by the notification source indicating value of information contained in the current notification to the user;

a time criticality of the current notification generated by the notification source indicating time-dependent decay of the value of the information contained in the current notification to the user;

a relevance of the current notification indicating a likelihood of the relevance of information contained in the current notification;

a novelty of the current notification indicating a likelihood of whether an entity already knows the information; and

a fidelity of the current notification indicating a loss of value to the entity of the information upon truncation of the information.

4. The system of claim 3, wherein the entity comprises a user, an agent, a process, a sewer, a computer, a machine, a company, an organization, a business, a computer program, a service, or a thread or combinations thereof.

5. The system of claim 3, wherein the one or more notification source is configured to generate notifications intended for the entity.

6. The system of claim 3, wherein the at least one sink is configured to provide the notifications to the entity.

7. The system of claim 3, wherein the context analyzer comprises a notification parameters store configured to store default notification preferences for the entity as a profile.

8. The system of claim 3, wherein the context analyzer is configured to determine a current context of a user based on at least one context source, determination of the current context of the user includes at least determining the user'"'"'s current focus of attention.

9. The system of claim 8, wherein the at least one context source comprises visual information of the user, desktop information of the user, personal-information-manager (PIM) information of the user, current time and day, mobile device usage of the user, or location of the user or combinations thereof.

10. The system of claim 8, wherein the context analyzer is configured to determine the current context based on the at least one context source by utilizing a statistical model, a profile, a direct access of user location and activity, or a real-time user specification of user state or combinations thereof.

11. The system of claim 3, wherein the notifications generated by the at least one notification source comprise e-mail, instant messaging, system messages, automated assistance, results from persistent, ongoing queries to one or more search facilities or services, updates to the number or content of documents available in a shared file system, updates about organizational information, information that comes available that is related to a specified content, document or topic, Internet-related information and news services, people availability, location, proximity, scheduling queries, proximities, or locations of companies and organizations or combinations thereof.

12. The system of claim 3, wherein the at least one notification source has one or more parameters associated with it representing:

a classification of a current notification generated by the notification source indicating value of information contained in the current notification;

or

a time criticality of the current notification generated by the notification source indicating time-dependent decay of the value of the information contained in the current notification;

or

combinations thereof.

13. The system of claim 3, wherein the at least one notification source comprises a pull-type notification source, or a push-type notification source or both.

14. The system of claim 3, wherein the at least one notification sink comprises a desktop computer, a PDA, a cellular phone, a pager, or an automotive computerized device or combinations thereof.

15. The system of claim 3, wherein the notification manager is configured to perform a decision-theoretic analysis of the notifications from the at least one notification source based on the information stored by the context analyzer to determine which of the notifications from the at least one notification source should be conveyed to which of the at least one notification sink.

16. The system of claim 3, wherein the notification manager is configured to perform a heuristic analysis of the notifications from the at least one notification source based on the information stored by the context analyzer to determine which of the notifications from the at least one notification source should be conveyed to which of the at least one notification sinks.

17. Computer-executable instructions stored on computer readable storage media for performing a method of providing notifications, the method comprising:

determining an expected value of a notification;

receiving contextual information associated with a user, the contextual information comprising a location of the user and an attentional focus of the user; and

conveying the notification to the user based at least on a decision-theoretic analysis of the contextual information, the decision-theoretic analysis comprising;

determining an importance of the notification indicating a value of information contained in the notification to the user;

determining a time criticality of the notification indicating time-dependent decay of the value of the information contained in the notification to the user;

determining a relevance of the notification indicating a likelihood of the relevance of information contained in the notification to the user;

determining a novelty of the notification indicating a likelihood that the user has prior knowledge of the information contained in the notification; and

determining a fidelity of the notification indicating a loss of value to the user of the information contained in the notification upon truncation of the information.

18. The computer executable instructions of claim 17, wherein the contextual information further comprises communications modalities available to the user.

19. The computer executable instructions of claim 17, wherein the location of the user is in the form of global positioning system information.

20. The computer executable instructions of claim 17, wherein the attentional focus of the user is in the form of a likelihood based at least in part on the user'"'"'s typical activities per the time of day and the day of the week as inferred via one or more sensors.