System and method for determination of the reflection wavelength of multiple low-reflectivity bragg gratings in a sensing optical fiber

• US 7,538,860 B2
• Filed: 08/17/2007
• Issued: 05/26/2009
• Est. Priority Date: 08/17/2007
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration
• Original Assignee: United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration
• Inventors: Moore, Jason P.
• Primary Examiner(s): Chowdhury; Tarifur
• Assistant Examiner(s): COOK, JONATHON
• Application Number:
  US11/840,363
• Publication Number:
  US 20090046276A1
• Time in Patent Office: 648 Days
• Field of Search: 356/35.5, 356/478, 250/227.19, 250/227.27
• US Class Current: 356/35.5
• CPC Class Codes: G01D 5/35316 using a Bragg gratings
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/7703 using reagent-clad optical fibres or optical waveguides using measurement of total internal reflection or attenuated total reflection G01N21/552; optical fibres or waveguides per se G02B
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/02076 Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/2932 comprising a directional router, e.g. directional coupler, circulator

Abstract

A system and method for determining a reflection wavelength of multiple Bragg gratings in a sensing optical fiber comprise: (1) a source laser; (2) an optical detector configured to detect a reflected signal from the sensing optical fiber; (3) a plurality of frequency generators configured to generate a signal having a frequency corresponding to an interferometer frequency of a different one of the plurality of Bragg gratings; (4) a plurality of demodulation elements, each demodulation element configured to combine the signal produced by a different one of the plurality of frequency generators with the detected signal from the sensing optical fiber; (5) a plurality of peak detectors, each peak detector configured to detect a peak of the combined signal from a different one of the demodulation elements; and (6) a laser wavenumber detection element configured to determine a wavenumber of the laser when any of the peak detectors detects a peak.

Claims

1. A system for determining a reflection wavelength of multiple low-reflectivity Bragg gratings in a sensing optical fiber having a broadband reflector and a plurality of the Bragg gratings at different distances from the broadband reflector along a length of the sensing optical fiber, the system comprising:

a source laser coupled to the sensing optical fiber;

an optical detector coupled to the sensing optical fiber and configured to detect a reflected signal from the sensing optical fiber;

a plurality of frequency generators, each frequency generator configured to generate a signal having a frequency corresponding to an interferometer frequency of a different one of the plurality of Bragg gratings;

a plurality of demodulation elements, each demodulation element coupled to the optical detector and to a different one of the plurality of frequency generators, each demodulation element configured to combine the signal produced by a different one of the plurality of frequency generators with the detected signal from the sensing optical fiber;

a plurality of peak detectors, each peak detector coupled to a different one of the demodulation elements and configured to detect a peak of the combined signal from a different one of the demodulation elements; and

a laser wavenumber detection element coupled to the peak detectors and configured to determine a wavenumber of the laser when any of the peak detectors detects a peak.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of frequency generators each comprise a frequency synthesizer.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein the plurality of frequency generators each comprise an optical fiber interferometer, each interferometer comprising two lengths of optical fiber having a difference in length substantially equal to the distance between the broadband reflector and a different one of the plurality of Bragg gratings.

4. The system of claim 1, wherein the laser wavenumber detection element comprises:

a reference optical fiber network coupled to the source laser and configured to provide a wavenumber counting signal;

a calibrated optical fiber network configured to reflect light from the source laser when the source laser is emitting light at a predetermined frequency;

a counter coupled to the reference optical fiber network and the calibrated optical fiber network, the counter being, clocked by the wavenumber counting signal and triggered by the reflection of light from the calibrated optical fiber network; and

a plurality of registers, each register configured to capture and store an output value from the counter upon when a different one of the peak detectors detects a peak.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein the source laser comprises a high coherence, monotonically wavelength sweeping, continuous output, mode-hop free, fiber-coupled laser.

6. The system of claim 1, wherein each demodulation element comprises an analog multiplier and a low-pass filter.

7. The system of claim 1, wherein each demodulation element comprises an analog mixer and a low-pass filter.

8. A method for determining a reflection wavelength of multiple low-reflectivity Bragg gratings in a sensing optical fiber having a broadband reflector and a plurality of the Bragg gratings at different distances from the broadband reflector along a length of the sensing optical fiber, the method comprising the steps of:

providing a source laser coupled to the sensing optical cable;

providing an optical detector coupled to the sensing optical fiber and configured to detect a reflected signal from the sensing optical fiber;

providing a plurality of frequency generators, each frequency generator configured to generate a signal having a frequency corresponding to an interferometer frequency of a different one of the plurality of Bragg gratings;

providing a plurality of demodulation elements, each demodulation element coupled to the optical detector and to a different one of the plurality of frequency generators, each demodulation element configured to combine the signal produced by a different one of the plurality of frequency generators with the detected signal from the sensing optical fiber;

providing a plurality of peak detectors, each peak detector coupled to a different one of the demodulation elements and configured to detect a peak of the combined signal from a different one of the demodulation elements; and

providing a laser wavenumber detection element coupled to the peak detectors and configured to determine a wavenumber of the laser when any of the peak detectors detects a peak.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the plurality of frequency generators each comprise a frequency synthesizer.

10. The method of claim 8, wherein the plurality of frequency generators each comprise an optical fiber interferometer, each interferometer comprising two lengths of optical fiber having a difference in length substantially equal to the distance between the broadband reflector and a different one of the plurality of Bragg gratings.

11. The method of claim 8, wherein the laser wavenumber detection element comprises:

a reference optical fiber network coupled to the source laser and configured to provide a wavenumber counting signal;

a calibrated optical fiber network configured to reflect light from the source laser when the source laser is emitting light at a predetermined frequency;

a counter coupled to the reference optical fiber network and the calibrated optical fiber network, the counter being clocked by the wavenumber counting signal and triggered by the reflection of light from the calibrated optical fiber network; and

a plurality of registers, each register configured to capture and store an output value from the counter upon when a different one of the peak detectors detects a peak.

12. The method of claim 8, wherein the source laser comprises a high coherence, monotonically wavelength sweeping, continuous output, mode-hop free, fiber-coupled laser.

13. The method of claim 8, wherein each demodulation element comprises an analog multiplier and a low-pass filter.

14. The method of claim 8, wherein each demodulation element comprises an analog mixer and a low-pass filter.