Apparatus and method for measuring optical characteristics of an object

• US 7,538,878 B2
• Filed: 07/11/2007
• Issued: 05/26/2009
• Est. Priority Date: 01/02/1996
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: RPX Corporation
• Original Assignee: JJL Technologies, L.L.C.
• Inventors: Jung, Russell W., Loudermilk, Alan R., Jung, Wayne D.
• Primary Examiner(s): EVANS, FANNIE L
• Application Number:
  US11/827,439
• Publication Number:
  US 20080094631A1
• Time in Patent Office: 685 Days
• Field of Search: 356/419
• US Class Current: 356/419
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2560/0233 Optical standards
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0075 by spectroscopy, i.e. measuring spectra, e.g. Raman spectroscopy, infrared absorption spectroscopy A61B5/0071 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0084 for introduction into the body, e.g. by catheters A61B5/1459 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0088 for oral or dental tissue
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/1034 by means of colour cards
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/4547 Evaluating teeth
• CPC Class Codes: A61C 19/10 Supports for artificial teeth for transport or for comparison of the colour
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 2003/1213 Filters in general, e.g. dichroic, band
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 2003/2869 Background correcting
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 3/02 Details
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 3/0205 Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 3/0218 using optical fibers
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 3/0229 using masks, aperture plates, spatial light modulators or spatial filters, e.g. reflective filters
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 3/0251 Colorimeters making use of an integrating sphere
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 3/0262 Constructional arrangements for removing stray light
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 3/0264 Electrical interface; User interface
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 3/04 Slit arrangements slit adjustment
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 3/10 Arrangements of light sources specially adapted for spectrometry or colorimetry
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 3/2803 using photoelectric array detector
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 3/46 Measurement of colour; Colour measuring devices, e.g. colorimeters measuring colour temperature G01J5/60
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 3/50 : using electric radiation detectors
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 3/508 : measuring the colour of teeth
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 3/51 : using colour filters
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 3/513 : having fixed filter-detector pairs
• CPC Class Codes: G01J 3/524 : Calibration of colorimeters
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 2021/6484 : Optical fibres
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/255 : Details, e.g. use of specially adapted sources, lighting or optical systems
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/474 : Details of optical heads therefor, e.g. using optical fibres
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/57 : Measuring gloss
• CPC Class Codes: G01N 21/6486 : Measuring fluorescence of biological material, e.g. DNA, RNA, cells G01N21/6428 takes precedence

Abstract

A system for applying pigment to a substrate includes a spectrophotometer integral to the system. Light received from the substrate is spectrally analyzed by a spectrometer. One or more pigment discharges apply one or more pigments to the substrate. The spectrometer spectrally analyzes the one or more pigments applied to the substrate. The spectrometer includes an optical sensing circuit having thereon a plurality of optical sensors and one or more processing elements. A plurality of filter elements are fixedly positioned over at least a first group of the optical sensors, and an optical manifold having a plurality of exit windows and at least one entrance port is fixedly positioned with respect to the plurality of filter elements.

Claims

1. A system for applying pigment to a substrate, comprising:

a spectrophotometer integral to the system supplying light to the substrate and receiving light from the substrate, wherein light received from the substrate is spectrally analyzed by a spectrometer;

one or more pigment dischargers integral to the system, wherein the one or more pigment dischargers apply one or more pigments to the substrate;

wherein, the spectrometer spectrally analyzes the one or more pigments applied to the substrate;

wherein the spectrometer comprises;

an optical sensing circuit having a plurality of optical sensors and one or more processing elements;

a plurality of filter elements fixedly positioned with respect to at least a first group of the optical sensors, wherein each of the plurality of filter elements have spectral transmission characteristics over predetermined wavelengths;

an optical manifold fixedly positioned with respect to the plurality of filter elements, wherein the optical manifold has a plurality of exit windows and at least one entrance port, wherein light entering the entrance port is transmitted to an interior portion of the optical manifold, wherein at least a portion of the light is transmitted from the exit ports through at least certain of the filter elements for sensing by at least certain of the optical sensors;

wherein light may be coupled from the substrate to the entrance port, wherein spectral data corresponding to the light is generated by the one or more processing elements, wherein the spectrometer is fabricated in a unitary manner.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the spectrometer spectrally analyzes one or more regions of the substrate prior to the applying of the one or more pigments to the substrate, wherein, in response to the spectral analysis of the substrate, data is fed back to the one or more pigment dischargers, wherein the one or more pigment dischargers operate responsive to the data that is fed back.

3. The system of claim 2, wherein the one or more pigments are applied to the substrate in the form of patterns of dots in a unit cell, wherein, in response to spectral characteristics of the substrate, the one or more pigment dischargers are controlled to apply the one or more pigments to the substrate so that a dot pattern, a number of dots in the unit cell, and/or a size of the dots are varied to produce desired spectral characteristics.

4. The system of claim 1, wherein the substrate is selectively accepted or rejected based on the spectral analysis of the substrate.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein a spectral map of the substrate is generated, wherein the one or more pigment dischargers operate responsive to the spectral map of the substrate.

6. The system of claim 1, wherein the one or more pigment dischargers move with respect to the substrate, wherein the spectrometer is in a substantially fixed position with respect to the one or more pigment dischargers.

7. The system of claim 6, wherein, the one or more pigment dischargers apply the one or more pigments on a first region of the substrate at a first point in time, wherein the one or more pigment dischargers move with respect to the substrate and the one or more pigment dischargers apply the one or more pigments on a second region of the substrate at a second point in time, wherein, at least during a portion of the time that the one or more pigment dischargers apply the one or more pigments on the second region of the substrate, the spectrometer is spectrally analyzing the first region of the substrate.

8. The system of claim 1, wherein an indication that maintenance is needed for the system is selectively provided.

9. The system of claim 1, wherein, in response to the spectral analysis of the one or more pigments applied to the substrate, a processor estimates an estimated remaining service/life of the one or more pigment dischargers.

10. The system of claim 1, wherein, in response to the spectral analysis of the one or more pigments applied to the substrate, a processor selectively initiates a procedure for cleaning one or more of the pigment dischargers.

11. The system of claim 1, wherein a multi-pass pigment discharging operation is performed, wherein in a first pass the one or more pigments are applied to the substrate, wherein, in response to the spectral analysis of the one or more pigments applied to the substrate in the first pass, the one or more pigments are selectively applied or not applied to the substrate in the second pass.

12. The system of claim 1, wherein the system receives a print data file from a computing device, wherein the spectrometer selectively operates in response to data in the print data file.

13. The system of claim 12, wherein the spectrometer selectively operates if data in the print data file indicates that a monochromatic print operation is to be performed.

14. The system of claim 1, wherein an article is produced having one or more regions of known spectral characteristics, wherein the system couples data indicative of the known spectral characteristics to a remote computer over a network.

15. The system of claim 14, wherein at a subsequent point in time a spectral analysis of the article is performed to determine if the article is genuine.

16. The system,of claim 1, wherein the optical sensors comprise a plurality of light to frequency converter sensing elements.

17. The system of claim 1, wherein the filter elements each comprise an interference filter element having an in-band light transmission property and an out-of-band light reflecting property, wherein in-band light is selectively transmitted through a respective one of the filter elements to one of the optical sensors, wherein out-of-band light is selectively reflected by the respective one of the filter elements into the interior portion of the optical manifold.

18. A system for applying pigment to a substrate, comprising:

a spectrophotometer integral to the system supplying light to the substrate and receiving light from the substrate, wherein the light received from the substrate is spectrally analyzed by a spectrometer;

one or more pigment dischargers integral to the system, wherein the one or more pigment dischargers apply one or more pigments to the substrate;

wherein, the spectrometer spectrally analyzes the substrate at one or more points on the substrate not having pigments applied thereto;

wherein the spectrometer comprises;

an optical sensing circuit having a plurality of optical sensors and one or more processing elements;

a plurality of filter elements fixedly positioned with respect to at least a first group of the optical sensors, wherein each of the plurality of filter elements have spectral transmission characteristics over predetermined wavelengths;

an optical manifold fixedly positioned with respect to the plurality of filter elements, wherein the optical manifold has a plurality of exit windows and at least one entrance port, wherein light entering the entrance port is transmitted to an interior portion of the optical manifold, wherein at least a portion of the light is transmitted from the exit ports through at least certain of the filter elements for sensing by at least certain of the optical sensors;

wherein light may be coupled from the substrate to the entrance port, wherein spectral data corresponding to the light is generated by the one or more processing elements, wherein the spectrometer is fabricated in a unitary manner.

19. The system of claim 18, wherein the optical sensors comprise a plurality of light to frequency converter sensing elements.

20. The system of claim 18, wherein the filter elements each comprise an interference filter element having an in-band light transmission property and an out-of-band light reflecting property, wherein in-band light is selectively transmitted through a respective one of the filter elements to one of the optical sensors, wherein out-of-band light is selectively reflected by the respective one of the filter elements into the interior portion of the optical manifold.