Low power output stage

• US 7,576,605 B2
• Filed: 04/19/2007
• Issued: 08/18/2009
• Est. Priority Date: 04/20/2006
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Qualcomm, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Qualcomm, Inc.
• Inventors: Lee, Chong U., Julian, David Jonathan
• Primary Examiner(s): Nguyen; Linh V
• Application Number:
  US11/737,678
• Publication Number:
  US 20070257827A1
• Time in Patent Office: 852 Days
• Field of Search: 330/10, 330/207, 330/251, 341/143, 341/177, 341/182, 341/189, 341/190
• US Class Current: 330/10
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2200/331 Sigma delta modulation being used in an amplifying circuit
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/217 Class D power amplifiers; Switching amplifiers

Abstract

Power consumption of an output stage such as a class-D output stage may depend on the amplitude and the activity of the signal being output. Here, control signals may be generated to independently control coupled switches of the output stage and to provide a tri-state control scheme for the output stage. These control signals may be generated based on durations of different levels of an input signal over one or more periods of time.

Claims

1. A method of controlling a plurality of switches that are coupled, comprising:

determining at least one difference associated with time durations of different levels of an input signal over at least one period of time; and

generating a plurality of control signals based on the at least one difference, wherein the plurality of control signals independently control the switches.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of control signals turn off the switches if the time durations are identical or substantially identical.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein:

the determination comprises comparing the duration of a first one of the levels with the duration of a second one of the levels; and

the generation of the plurality of control signals comprises determining, based on the comparison, whether to provide at-least one pulse for at least one of the plurality of control signals.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the comparison comprises subtracting the duration of the first one of the levels from the duration of the second one of the levels.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein:

at least two of the levels of the input signal are each defined by at least one pulse;

the determination comprises comparing a quantity of pulses associated with a first one of the levels with a quantity of pulses associated with a second one of the levels; and

the generation of the plurality of control signals comprises determining, based on the comparison, whether to provide at least one pulse for at least one of the plurality of control signals.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the comparison comprises subtracting the quantity of pulses associated with the first one of the levels from the quantity of pulses associated with the second one of the levels.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein a duration of at least one of the plurality of control signals is based on a difference between the quantity of pulses associated with the first one of the levels and the quantity of pulses associated with the second one of the levels.

8. The method of claim 6, wherein the comparison comprises:

incrementing a count based on the quantity of pulses associated with the first one of the levels; and

decrementing the count based on the quantity of pulses associated with the second one of the levels.

9. The method of claim 6, wherein each pulse comprises a digital representation of one of the signal levels.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one period of time commences and ends at times that substantially correspond to transitions between the levels of the input signal.

11. The method of claim 1, wherein the at least one period of time comprises at least one defined period of time.

12. The method of claim 1, wherein:

the at least one period of time comprises a plurality of periods of time;

the determination comprises comparing durations within each of the periods of time; and

the plurality of control signals are generated based on each comparison for each of the periods of time.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the periods of time partially overlap in time.

14. The method of claim 1, wherein:

the plurality of control signals comprise pulses; and

the generation of the plurality of control signals comprises adjusting transmission times of the pulses of the plurality of control signals.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein the adjustment is based on whether there would be a collision between pulses of different ones of the plurality of control signals.

16. The method of claim 14, wherein the adjustment is based on whether a quantity of the pulses for a given one of the plurality of control signals exceeds a threshold quantity.

17. The method of claim 1, wherein:

the plurality of control signals comprise pulses; and

the generation of the plurality of control signals comprises randomly distributing the pulses of the plurality of control signals over time.

18. The method of claim 1, wherein:

the at least one period of time comprises a first period of time; and

the generation of the plurality of control signals comprises providing multiple pulses separated in time for at least one of the plurality of control signals if there is a difference between the durations associated with the levels of the input signal over the first period of time.

19. The method of claim 1, wherein the plurality of control signals comprise:

at least one first control signal adapted to control a first set of at least one of the switches; and

at least one second control signal adapted to control a second set of at least one of the switches.

20. The method of claim 1, wherein the input signal comprises a pulse width modulated signal, a delta modulated signal, a pulse density modulated signal, or a sigma delta modulated signal.

21. The method of claim 20, further comprising generating the sigma delta modulated signal based on a pulse code modulated signal.

22. The method of claim 1, wherein the input signal comprises a signal that is not quantized in time.

23. The method of claim 1, wherein the switches are coupled to alternately provide power to a load.

24. The method of claim 23, wherein the switches are coupled to the load via a filter.

25. The method of claim 23, wherein the load comprises a speaker, a transducer, or an antenna.

26. The method of claim 1, wherein the switches comprise at least a portion of a class-D amplifier.

27. The method of claim 1, wherein the switches comprise transistors.

28. The method of claim 1, wherein:

the switches comprise at least a portion of a class-D amplifier;

the levels comprise a first level and a second level;

the plurality of control signals comprise a first control signal and a second control signal;

the input signal comprises a delta modulated signal defining a stream of bits, wherein each bit is associated with either the first level or the second level;

the determination comprises comparing a quantity of the bits associated with the first level with a quantity of the bits associated with the second level; and

the generation of the plurality of control signals comprises determining, based on the comparison, whether to provide at least one pulse for at least one of the plurality of control signals.

29. The method of claim 28, wherein the plurality of control signals turn off the switches if the quantity of bits associated with the first level over the at least one time period is identical to the quantity of bits associated with the second level over the at least one time period.

30. An apparatus for controlling a plurality of switches that are coupled, comprising:

a determiner adapted to determine at least one difference associated with time durations of different levels of an input signal over at least one period of time; and

a signal generator adapted to generate a plurality of control signals based on the at least one difference, wherein the plurality of control signals independently control the switches.

31. The apparatus of claim 30, wherein the plurality of control signals are adapted to turn off the switches if the time durations are identical or substantially identical.

32. The apparatus of claim 30, wherein:

the determiner comprises a comparator adapted to compare the duration of a first one of the levels with the duration of a second one of the levels; and

the signal generator is further adapted to determine, based on the comparison, whether to provide at least one pulse for at least one of the plurality of control signals.

33. The apparatus of claim 32, wherein the comparator is adapted to subtract the duration of the first one of the levels from the duration of the second one of the levels.

34. The apparatus of claim 30, wherein:

at least two of the levels of the input signal are each defined by at least one pulse;

the determiner comprises a comparator adapted to compare a quantity of pulses associated with a first one of the levels with a quantity of pulses associated with a second one of the levels; and

the signal generator is further adapted to determine, based on the comparison, whether to provide at least one pulse for at least one of the plurality of control signals.

35. The apparatus of claim 34, wherein the comparator is adapted to subtract the quantity of pulses associated with the first one of the levels from the quantity of pulses associated with the second one of the levels.

36. The apparatus of claim 35, wherein a duration of at least one of the plurality of control signals is based on a difference between the quantity of pulses associated with the first one of the levels and the quantity of pulses associated with the second one of the levels.

37. The apparatus of claim 35, wherein the comparator comprises a counter adapted to:

increment a count based on the quantity of pulses associated with the first one of the levels; and

decrement the count based on the quantity of pulses associated with the second one of the levels.

38. The apparatus of claim 35, wherein each pulse comprises a digital representation of one of the signal levels.

39. The apparatus of claim 30, further comprising a time period controller adapted to commence and end the at least one period of time at times that substantially correspond to transitions between the levels of the input signal.

40. The apparatus of claim 30, further comprising a time period controller adapted to commence and end the at least one period of time according to at least one defined period of time.

41. The apparatus of claim 30, wherein:

the at least one period of time comprises a plurality of periods of time;

the determiner comprises a comparator adapted to compare durations within each of the periods of time; and

the signal generator is further adapted to generate the plurality of control signals based on each comparison for each of the periods of time.

42. The apparatus of claim 41, wherein the periods of time partially overlap in time.

43. The apparatus of claim 30, wherein:

the plurality of control signals comprise pulses; and

the signal generator is further adapted to adjust transmission times of the pulses of the plurality of control signals.

44. The apparatus of claim 43, wherein the adjustment is based on whether there would be a collision between pulses of different ones of the plurality of control signals.

45. The apparatus of claim 43, wherein the adjustment is based on whether a quantity of the pulses for a given one of the plurality of control signals exceeds a threshold quantity.

46. The apparatus of claim 30, wherein:

the plurality of control signals comprise pulses; and

the signal generator is further adapted to randomly distribute the pulses of the plurality of control signals over time.

47. The apparatus of claim 30, wherein:

the at least one period of time comprises a first period of time; and

the signal generator is further adapted to provide multiple pulses separated in time for at least one of the plurality of control signals if there is a difference between the durations associated with the levels of the input signal over the first period of rime.

48. The apparatus of claim 30, wherein the plurality of control signals comprise:

at least one first control signal adapted to control a first set of at least one of the switches; and

at least one second control signal adapted to control a second set of at least one of the switches.

49. The apparatus of claim 30, wherein the input signal comprises a pulse width modulated signal, a delta modulated signal, a pulse density modulated signal, or a sigma delta modulated signal.

50. The apparatus of claim 49, further comprising a converter adapted to generate the sigma delta modulated signal based on a pulse code modulated signal.

51. The apparatus of claim 30, wherein the input signal comprises a signal that is not quantized in time.

52. The apparatus of claim 30, wherein the switches are coupled to alternately provide power to a load.

53. The apparatus of claim 52, wherein the switches are coupled to the load via a filter.

54. The apparatus of claim 52, wherein the load comprises a speaker, a transducer, or an antenna.

55. The apparatus of claim 30, wherein the switches comprise at least a portion of a class-D amplifier.

56. The apparatus of claim 30, wherein the switches comprise transistors.

57. The apparatus of claim 30, wherein:

the switches comprise at least a portion of a class-D amplifier;

the levels comprise a first level and a second level;

the plurality of control signals comprise a first control signal and a second control signal;

the input signal comprises a delta modulated signal defining a stream of bits, wherein each bit is associated with either the first level or the second level;

the determiner comprises a comparator adapted to compare a quantity of the bits associated with the first level with a quantity of the bits associated with the second level; and

the signal generator is further adapted to determine, based on the comparison, whether to provide at least one pulse for at least one of the plurality of control signals.

58. The apparatus of claim 57, wherein the plurality of control signals are adapted to turn off the switches if the quantity of bits associated with the first level over the at least one time period is identical to the quantity of bits associated with the second level over the at least one time period.

59. An apparatus for controlling a plurality of switches that are coupled, comprising:

means for determining at least one difference associated with time durations of different levels of an input signal over at least one period of time; and

means for generating a plurality of control signals based on the at least one difference, wherein the plurality of control signals independently control the switches.

60. The apparatus of claim 59, wherein the plurality of control signals are adapted to turn off the switches if the time durations are identical or substantially identical.

61. The apparatus of claim 59, wherein:

the means for determining comprises means for comparing the duration of a first one of the levels with the duration of a second one of the levels; and

the means for generating plurality of control signals determines, based on the comparison, whether to provide at least one pulse for at least one of the plurality of control signals.

62. The apparatus of claim 61, wherein the means for comparing subtracts the duration of the first one of the levels from the duration of the second one of the levels.

63. The apparatus of claim 59, wherein:

at least two of the levels of the input signal are each defined by at least one pulse;

the means for determining comprises means for comparing a quantity of pulses associated with a first one of the levels with a quantity of pulses associated with a second one of the levels; and

the means for generating the plurality of control signals determines, based on the comparison, whether to provide at least one pulse for at least one of the plurality of control signals.

64. The apparatus of claim 63, wherein the means for comparing subtracts the quantity of pulses associated with the first one of the levels from the quantity of pulses associated with the second one of the levels.

65. The apparatus of claim 64, wherein a duration of at least one of the plurality of control signals is based on a difference between the quantity of pulses associated with the first one of the levels and the quantity of pulses associated with the second one of the levels.

66. The apparatus of claim 64, wherein the means for comparing comprises:

means for incrementing a count based on the quantity of pulses associated with the first one of the levels; and

means for decrementing the count based on the quantity of pulses associated with the second one of the levels.

67. The apparatus of claim 64, wherein each pulse comprises a digital representation of one of the signal levels.

68. The apparatus of claim 59, further comprising means for timing to commence and end the at least one period of time at times that substantially correspond to transitions between the levels of the input signal.

69. The apparatus of claim 59, further comprising means for timing to commence and end the at least one period of time according to at least one defined period of time.

70. The apparatus of claim 59, wherein:

the at least one period of time comprises a plurality of periods of time;

the means for determining comprises means for comparing durations within each of the periods of time; and

the means for generating the plurality of control signals generates the plurality of control signals based on each comparison for each of the periods of time.

71. The apparatus of claim 70, wherein the periods of time partially overlap in time.

72. The apparatus of claim 59, wherein:

the plurality of control signals comprise pulses; and

the means for generating the plurality of control signals adjusts transmission times of the pulses of the plurality of control signals.

73. The apparatus of claim 72, wherein the adjustment is based on whether there would be a collision between pulses of different ones of the plurality of control signals.

74. The apparatus of claim 72, wherein the adjustment is based on whether a quantity of the pulses for a given one of the plurality of control signals exceeds a threshold quantity.

75. The apparatus of claim 59, wherein:

the plurality of control signals comprise pulses; and

the means for generating plurality of control signals randomly distributes the pulses of the plurality of control signals over time.

76. The apparatus of claim 59, wherein:

the at least one period of time comprises a first period of time; and

the means for generating the plurality of control signals provides multiple pulses separated in time for at least one of the plurality of control signals if there is a difference between the durations associated with the levels of the input signal over the first period of time.

77. The apparatus of claim 59, wherein the plurality of control signals comprise:

at least one first control signal adapted to control a first set of at least one of the switches; and

at least one second control signal adapted to control a second set of at least one of the switches.

78. The apparatus of claim 59, wherein the input signal comprises a pulse width modulated signal, a delta modulated signal, a pulse density modulated signal, or a sigma delta modulated signal.

79. The apparatus of claim 78, further comprising means for generating the sigma delta modulated signal based on a pulse code modulated signal.

80. The apparatus of claim 59, wherein the input signal comprises a signal that is not quantized in time.

81. The apparatus of claim 59, wherein the switches are coupled to alternately provide power to a load.

82. The apparatus of claim 81, wherein the switches are coupled to the load via a filter.

83. The apparatus of claim 81, wherein the load comprises a speaker, a transducer, or an antenna.

84. The apparatus of claim 59, wherein the switches comprise at least a portion of a class-D amplifier.

85. The apparatus of claim 59, wherein the switches comprise transistors.

86. The apparatus of claim 59, wherein:

the switches comprise at least a portion of a class-D amplifier;

the levels comprise a first level and a second level;

the plurality of control signals comprise a first control signal and a second control signal;

the input signal comprises a delta modulated signal defining a stream of bits, wherein each bit is associated with either the first level or the second level;

the means for determining comprises means for comparing a quantity of the bits associated with the first level with a quantity of the bits associated with the second level; and

the means for generating the plurality of control signals determines, based on the comparison, whether to provide at least one pulse for at least one of the plurality of control signals.

87. The apparatus of claim 86, wherein the plurality of control signals are adapted to turn off the switches if the quantity of bits associated with the first level over the at least one time period is identical to the quantity of bits associated with the second level over the at least one time period.

88. A computer-program product stored on the readable medium for controlling a plurality of switches that are coupled, comprising:

computer-readable medium comprising codes executable by at least one computer to;

determine at least one difference associated with time durations of different levels of an input signal over at least one period of time; and

generate a plurality of control signals based on the at least one difference, wherein the plurality of control signals independently control the switches.

89. A headset for wireless communication, comprising:

a plurality of switches that are coupled;

a comparator adapted to determine at least one difference associated with time durations of different levels of an input signal over at least one period of time;

a signal generator adapted to generate a plurality of control signals based on the at least one difference, wherein the plurality of control signals independently control the switches; and

a transducer, wherein the switches are coupled to alternately provide power to the transducer.

90. A watch for wireless communication, comprising:

a plurality of switches that are coupled;

a comparator adapted to determine at least one difference associated with time durations of different levels of an input signal over at least one period of time;

a signal generator adapted to generate a plurality of control signals based on the at least one difference, wherein the plurality of control signals independently control the switches; and

a transducer, wherein the switches are coupled to alternately provide power to the transducer.

91. A medical device for wireless communication, comprising:

a plurality of switches that are coupled;

a comparator adapted to determine at least one difference associated with time durations of different levels of an input signal over at least one period of time;

a signal generator adapted to generate a plurality of control signals based on the at least one difference, wherein the plurality of control signals independently control the switches; and

a transducer, wherein the switches are coupled to alternately provide power to the transducer.