Spectroscopic cross-channel method and apparatus for improved optical measurements of tissue

• US 7,613,504 B2
• Filed: 09/30/2002
• Issued: 11/03/2009
• Est. Priority Date: 06/05/2001
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: HID Global Corporation (Assa Abloy AB)
• Original Assignee: Lumidigm Incorporated (Assa Abloy AB)
• Inventors: Rowe, Robert K.
• Primary Examiner(s): Winakur; Eric F
• Assistant Examiner(s): Fernandez; Katherine L
• Application Number:
  US10/262,403
• Publication Number:
  US 20030078504A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,591 Days
• Field of Search: 600/476, 600/310, 356/432, 250/341.7, 250/345, 382/115
• US Class Current: 600/476
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0059 using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence A61B5/0093, A61B5/1455, A61B5/02416 and A61B5/0261 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/117 Identification of persons methods or arrangements for recognising patterns, e.g. fingerprints, G06F18/00, G06V40/00; identification of persons by analysing their voice or speech G10L17/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/681 Wristwatch-type devices
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7264 Classification of physiological signals or data, e.g. using neural networks, statistical classifiers, expert systems or fuzzy systems neural networks per se G06N3/00; expert systems per se G06N5/00
• CPC Class Codes: B82Y 10/00 Nanotechnology for information processing, storage or transmission, e.g. quantum computing or single electron logic
• CPC Class Codes: B82Y 20/00 Nanooptics, e.g. quantum optics or photonic crystals
• CPC Class Codes: B82Y 5/00 Nanobiotechnology or nanomedicine, e.g. protein engineering or drug delivery
• CPC Class Codes: G06F 18/00 Pattern recognition
• CPC Class Codes: G07C 9/00563 using personal physical data of the operator, e.g. finger prints, retinal images, voicepatterns
• CPC Class Codes: G07C 9/37 using biometric data, e.g. fingerprints, iris scans or voice recognition

Abstract

According to the invention, a sampling system for spectroscopic measurements of a biological sample is disclosed. The sampling system includes a plurality of illumination points, a plurality of detection points, a memory, and a processor. Each of the plurality of illumination points is involved in at least two measurements of illumination through the biological sample. Each of the plurality of detection points is involved in at least two measurements of illumination through the biological sample. The memory stores a plurality of measurements. The processor determines a value from the plurality of measurements that is related to the biological sample.

Claims

1. A sampling system for spectroscopic measurements of a biological sample, the sampling system comprising:

a plurality of illumination points;

a plurality of detection points, wherein;

each of the plurality of illumination points is involved in at least two measurements of illumination through the biological sample, and

each of the plurality of detection points is involved in at least two measurements of illumination through the biological sample;

a memory for storing a plurality of measurements, each of the measurements including information defining a combination of a particular one of the plurality of illumination points and a particular one of the plurality of detection points involved in the each of the measurements; and

a processor configured to determine a value from the plurality of measurements that is related to the biological sample by compensating for interface noise terms from the combinations of particular ones of the plurality of illumination points and particular ones of the plurality of detection points.

2. The sampling system for spectroscopic measurements of the biological sample as recited in claim 1, wherein the value is compared with other values to determine characteristics of the biological sample.

3. The sampling system for spectroscopic measurements of the biological sample as recited in claim 1, wherein the value is compared with other values to authenticate an identity belonging to the biological sample.

4. The sampling system for spectroscopic measurements of the biological sample as recited in claim 1, wherein the value is compared with a threshold to determine characteristics of the biological sample.

5. The sampling system for spectroscopic measurements of the biological sample as recited in claim 1, wherein the value is compared with a threshold to authenticate an identity belonging to the biological sample.

6. The sampling system for spectroscopic measurements of the biological sample as recited in claim 1, wherein the processor explicitly solves for the value.

7. The sampling system for spectroscopic measurements of the biological sample as recited in claim 1, wherein the plurality of illumination points numbers two.

8. The sampling system for spectroscopic measurements of the biological sample as recited in claim 1, wherein the plurality of detection points numbers two.

9. The sampling system for spectroscopic measurements of the biological sample as recited in claim 1, wherein:

the plurality of illumination points includes a first illumination point and a second illumination point;

the first illumination point has a similar spectral luminescence specification than the second illumination point.

10. The sampling system for spectroscopic measurements of the biological sample as recited in claim 1, wherein the value is used in a biometric determination.

11. The sampling system for spectroscopic measurements of the biological sample as recited in claim 10, wherein said biometric determination is at least one of the following:

a one-to-many identification,

a one-to-one identity verification,

a sample liveness verification,

a sample authenticity verification,

a gender estimation, and

an age estimation.

12. The sampling system for spectroscopic measurements of the biological sample as recited in claim 1, wherein the value represents an analyte measurement.

13. The sampling system for spectroscopic

measurements of the biological sample as recited in claim 12, wherein the analyte measurement is of at least one of:

glucose,

alcohol, and

hemoglobin.

14. The sampling system for spectroscopic measurements of the biological sample as recited in claim 1, wherein the value relates to a classification of physiological state of the tissue.

15. The sampling system for spectroscopic measurements of the biological sample as recited in claim 14, wherein the classification of physiological state of the tissue is a determination of the presence of cancer.

16. The sampling system for spectroscopic measurements of the biological sample as recited in claim 1, wherein at least one of the plurality of detection points receives illumination from each of the plurality of illumination points in a manner that allows the illumination from each of the first and second illumination points to be separately analyzed.

17. The sampling system for spectroscopic measurements of the biological sample as recited in claim 1, wherein the plurality of illumination points are illuminated by using an encoding pattern.

18. The sampling system for spectroscopic measurements of the biological sample as recited in claim 1, wherein at least one of the plurality of detection points includes a discrete detector element.

19. The sampling system for spectroscopic measurements of the biological sample as recited in claim 1, wherein at least some of the plurality of detection points are arranged in a linear detector array.

20. The sampling system for spectroscopic measurements of the biological sample as recited in claim 1, wherein at least some of the plurality of detection points are arranged in a two-dimensional detector array.

21. The sampling system for spectroscopic measurements of the biological sample as recited in claim 1, wherein the plurality of illumination points include solid-state electro-optical components.

22. The sampling system for spectroscopic measurements of the biological sample as recited in claim 21, wherein the solid-state electro-optical components include at least one of:

a light emitting diode,

a laser diode,

a vertical cavity surface emitting laser, and

a quantum dot laser.

23. A method of performing spectroscopic determinations on a biological sample, the method comprising steps of:

providing a plurality of illumination points;

providing a plurality of detection points;

measuring illumination incident on each of the plurality of detection points a plurality of times, wherein the measuring steps produce a plurality of measurements, each of the measurements including information defining a combination of a particular one of the plurality of illumination points and a particular one of the plurality of detection points involved in the each of the measurements; and

determining a value for the biological sample from the plurality of measurements, comprising compensating for interface noise terms from the combinations of particular ones of the plurality of illumination points and particular ones of the plurality of detection points.

24. The method of performing spectroscopic determinations on the biological sample as recited in claim 23, further comprising a step of analyzing the value in a biometric determination.

25. The method of performing spectroscopic determinations on the biological sample as recited in claim 24, wherein said biometric determination is at least one of:

a one-to-many identification,

a one-to-one identity verification,

a sample liveness verification,

a sample authenticity verification,

a gender estimation, and

an age estimation.

26. The method of performing spectroscopic determinations on the biological sample as recited in claim 23, wherein the value relates to an analyte measurement.

27. The method of performing spectroscopic determinations on the biological sample as recited in claim 26, wherein the analyte measurement is of at least one of:

glucose,

alcohol, and

hemoglobin.

28. The method of performing spectroscopic determinations on the biological sample as recited in claim 23, wherein the determining step includes performing a classification algorithm.

29. The method of performing spectroscopic determinations on the biological sample as recited in claim 28, wherein the classification algorithm includes at least one of:

a discriminant analysis,

a clustering analysis,

a partial least squares calculation,

a regression,

a neural network,

a classification tree, and

a support vector machine.

30. The method of performing spectroscopic determinations on the biological sample as recited in claim 23, wherein the determining step includes performing a quantitative estimation algorithm.

31. The method of performing spectroscopic determinations on the biological sample as recited in claim 30, wherein said quantitative estimation algorithm includes at least one of:

a partial least squares calculation,

a multiple least squares,

regression, and

a neural network.

32. A computer-readable medium having computer-executable instructions for performing the computer-implementable method for performing spectroscopic determinations on the biological sample as recited of claim 23.

33. A sampler for spectroscopic measurements of a biological sample, the sampler comprising:

a first illumination point that illuminates at least two detection points with measurable radiation;

a second illumination point that illuminates said at least two detection points with measurable radiation;

a first of said at least two detection points that receives measurable radiation from said first and second illumination points;

a second of said at least two detection points that receives measurable radiation from said first and second illumination points, wherein the first illumination point, the second illumination point, the first detection point, the second detection point are configured to operatively engage the biological sample; and

a controller in communication with the first and second illumination points and in communication with the first and second detection points to generate a plurality of measurements, each of the measurements including information defining a combination of a particular one of the plurality of illumination points and a particular one of the plurality of detection points involved in the each of the measurements, and to determine a value from the plurality of measurements that is related to the biological sample by compensating for interface noise terms from the combinations of particular ones of the plurality of illumination points and particular ones of the plurality of detection points.

34. The sampler for spectroscopic measurements of the biological sample as recited in claim 33, wherein at least one of the first and second detection points receives illumination from each of the first and second illumination points in a manner that allows the illumination from each of the first and second illumination points to be separately analyzed.

35. The sampler for spectroscopic measurements of the biological sample as recited in claim 33, wherein at least one of the first and second detection points are illuminated by using an encoding pattern.

36. The sampler for spectroscopic measurements of the biological sample as recited in claim 33, wherein at least one of the first and second detection points includes a discrete detector element.

37. The sampler for spectroscopic measurements of the biological sample as recited in claim 33, wherein at least one of the first and second detection points is arranged in a linear detector array.

38. The sampler for spectroscopic measurements of the biological sample as recited in claim 33, wherein at least one of the first and second detection points are arranged in a two-dimensional detector array.

39. The sampler for spectroscopic measurements of the biological sample as recited in claim 33, wherein at least one of the first and second illumination points includes a solid-state electro-optical component.

40. The sampler for spectroscopic measurements of the biological sample as recited in claim 39, wherein the solid-state electro-optical component includes at least one of:

a light emitting diode,

a laser diode,

a vertical cavity surface emitting laser

and

a quantum dot laser.