Media network using set-top boxes as nodes

• US 7,617,510 B2
• Filed: 09/05/2003
• Issued: 11/10/2009
• Est. Priority Date: 09/05/2003
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Microsoft Technology Licensing LLC (Microsoft Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Microsoft Corporation
• Inventors: Baldwin, James Armand, Barrett, Peter T., Zigmond, Daniel J., Wasserman, Steven
• Primary Examiner(s): Beliveau; Scott
• Assistant Examiner(s): LANGHNOJA, KUNAL N
• Application Number:
  US10/656,884
• Publication Number:
  US 20050055721A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,258 Days
• Field of Search: 725/31, 725/40, 725/78, 380/210, 380/212, 380/33, 380/55, 380/202, 380/241, 713/160, 713/189
• US Class Current: 725/31
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/4122 additional display device, e.g. video projector digital output for controlling a plurality of local displays G06F3/1423
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/4147 PVR [Personal Video Recorder] H04N5/76 takes precedence ; arrangements for broadcast with accumulation-type receivers H04H20/40
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/43615 Interfacing a Home Network, e.g. for connecting the client to a plurality of peripherals home Audio Video Interoperability [HAVI] data switching networks H04L12/2805
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/47 End-user applications
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/47214 for content reservation or setting reminders; for requesting event notification, e.g. of sport results or stock market stock exchange data over packet-switching network H04L12/1804; push services over packet-switching network H04L12/1859; notification of incoming messages in packet switching networks H04L51/224
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/482 End-user interface for program selection broadcast systems using EPGs H04H60/72
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 7/106 for domestic distribution

Abstract

Subject matter includes methods of using conventional set-top boxes that receive streaming video modulated on coaxial cable rather than over an IP-based LAN as nodes in a media network. In one implementation, an exemplary adapter is used to integrate a conventional set-top box into a media network. In one implementation, an exemplary filter is used to reserve frequencies for communications between a conventional set-top box and a hub and to prevent communications from leaving a media network. In one implementation, an exemplary content protection method provides a way of encrypting program content on the media network in a manner that a conventional set-top box can decode.

Claims

1. A method for creating a two-way communication from two unidirectional data channels, comprising:

communicatively coupling a set-top box with a hub of a media network, wherein the set-top box receives a streaming Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) video modulated on a coaxial cable rather than over an Internet protocol-based local area network;

filtering signals received by the media network from a multimedia headend to provide one or more available frequencies for communication between the set-top box and the hub;

filtering signals transmitted from the media network to the multimedia headend to prevent media network signals of the one or more available frequencies for communication from leaving the media network;

tuning the set-top box to the one or more available frequencies for communication to send ALOHA data to the hub on an out-of-band channel through a Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) demodulator;

tuning the set-top box to a frequency other than the one or more available frequencies for communication between the set-top box and the hub to receive the signals from the multimedia headend on the out-of-band channel; and

tuning the set-top box to receive Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) modulated MPEG data and a multimedia content from the hub on an in-band channel;

wherein the filtering is performed by a notching filter;

wherein the hub is a personal computer comprising an API layer configured to mask the two unidirectional data channels such that the two unidirectional channels present an interface that appears as a bidirectional channel to applications and functions on the hub;

receiving the streaming Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) video on the in-band channel of the set-top box using one of the selected frequencies, wherein a program content is encrypted by creating two encrypted program streams from the program content such that for each I frame in the MPEG data one of the two program streams contains an un-modified I frame and the other of the two program streams contains random shuffling of MPEG slices of the I frame and the program content is decrypted by a binary key that for a given I frame identifies the one of the two encrypted program streams as containing the un-modified I frame when a digit of the binary key is 0 and identifies the other of the two program streams as containing the un-modified I frame when the digit of the binary key is 1.

2. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising tuning the set-top box to receive multimedia content from the hub on the in-band channel.

3. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising communicatively coupling the set-top box with a programming content source in addition to communicatively coupling the set-top box with the hub.

4. The method as recited in claim 3, wherein the programming content source is a headend.

5. The method as recited in claim 3, wherein the communicative coupling further includes connecting coaxial cable between the set-top box and the hub.

6. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising communicatively coupling media network nodes with the hub, wherein a media network node receives streaming Moving Picture Experts Group video over an Internet protocol-based local area network.

7. The method as recited in claim 6, wherein the communicatively coupling media network nodes further includes communicatively coupling the media network nodes to the hub with Internet protocol-based local area network cable while coupling the set-top box to the hub with coaxial cable.

8. The method as recited in claim 7, further comprising simultaneously sending communications and content between the hub and a media network node using Internet Protocol-based local area network communications while sending communications and content between the hub and the set-top box using the out-of-band and the in-band channels.

9. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising encrypting programming content to be sent from the hub to the set-top box.

10. The method as recited in claim 9, further comprising sending multiple program streams each representing a different scrambled versions of a same content, wherein a one unscrambled version of the content can be derived from the multiple program streams using a key.

11. The method as recited in claim 10, wherein for corresponding parts of each of the multiple program streams only one of the program streams has unscrambled content for that corresponding part.

12. A system, comprising:

a computing hub for receiving and storing multimedia content;

a set-top box coupled with the computing hub and coupled with a multimedia content source in order to receive multimedia content directly from the multimedia content source, wherein the set-top box receives streaming Moving Picture Experts Group video modulated on coaxial cable rather than over an Internet protocol-based local area network, wherein the set-top box further receives a program content from the computing hub on the in-band channel, and wherein the set-top box sends data to the hub on an out-of-band channel and receives data from the hub on an in-band channel, a radio frequency filter blocks one or more frequencies of a signal from the multimedia content source to the set-top box and to the hub, and the set-top box sends data to the hub on an out-of-band channel that uses a frequency blocked by the radio frequency filter and receives data from the hub on an in-band channel that uses a frequency blocked by the radio frequency filter;

receiving the program content on the in-band channel of the set-top box using one of the selected frequencies, wherein the program content is encrypted by creating two encrypted program streams from the program content such that for each I frame in the MPEG data one of the two program streams contains an un-modified I frame and the other of the two program streams contains random shuffling of MPEG slices of the I frame and the program content is decrypted by a binary key that for a given I frame identifies the one of the two encrypted program streams as containing the un-modified I frame when a digit of the binary key is 0 and identifies the other of the two program streams as containing the un-modified I frame when the digit of the binary key is 1.

13. The system as recited in claim 12, wherein the multimedia content source is a headend.

14. The system as recited in claim 12, wherein the hub is coupled with the multimedia content source.

15. The system as recited in claim 12, wherein the radio frequency filter blocks data sent on the out-of-band channel from being sent over a communicative coupling to the multimedia content source and wherein the radio frequency filter blocks data sent on the in-band channel from being sent over the communicative coupling to the multimedia content source.

16. The system as recited in claim 15, wherein the radio frequency filter prevents communications back and forth between the hub and the set-top box on the blocked frequencies from leaving the system.

17. The system as recited in claim 12, wherein the set-top box is coupled with the computing hub, the computing hub is coupled with a multimedia content source, and the set-top box is not coupled directly with the multimedia content source.

18. The system as recited in claim 12, further comprising media network nodes to control interactions between the computing hub and controllable multimedia devices, wherein the computing hub simultaneously communicates with the media network nodes over an Internet Protocol-based local area network and communicates with the set-top box over the out-of-band channel and the in-band channel.

19. The system as recited in claim 18, wherein a physical connection between the computing hub and a media network node comprises an Ethernet cable and a physical connection between the computing hub and the set-top box comprises a coaxial cable.

20. The system as recited in claim 12, further comprising a hub-side integration engine in the computing hub to facilitate communication with the set-top box.

21. The system as recited in claim 20, wherein the hub-side integration engine further comprises an adapter to adapt upstream out-of-band data from the set-top box to the computing hub and to adapt downstream in-band data and multimedia content from the computing hub to the set-top box.

22. The system as recited in claim 21, wherein the adapter tunes data from the set-top box to the out-of-band frequency for transmission to the computing hub and tunes data and multimedia content from the computing hub to the in-band frequency for transmission to the set-top box.

23. The system as recited in claim 12, further comprising a content protector to encrypt multimedia content to be sent from the computing hub to the set-top box.

24. The system as recited in claim 23, further comprising a content protection decrypter to decode encrypted content using a low processing power function of the set-top box.

25. The system as recited in claim 24, wherein the computing hub sends multiple scrambled content streams and a key to the set-top box, wherein the set-top box uses the key to derive content from the multiple scrambled content streams.

26. An adapter, comprising:

a tuner to tune an out-of-band channel of a set-top box to a frequency selected for communication over a media network, the tuner configured to receive data sent from the set-top box using an ALOHA protocol on a first frequency for data directed within the media network and a second frequency for data directed out of the media network,

wherein the media network has a hub that communicates over an Internet Protocol-based local area network with one or more network media nodes and communicates over the out-of-band channel and the in-band channel with the set-top box and one or more other set-top boxes;

a quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) demodulator coupled with the tuner to demodulate upstream data signals from the tuner to the hub;

a quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) modulator to receive and modulate data and multimedia content from the hub;

an upconverter coupled with the quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) modulator to upconvert modulated data and multimedia content signals to the set-top box; and

a Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) decoder and a National Television System Committee (NTSC) video standard encoder to receive video content from the hub and a radio frequency modulator coupled with the MPEG decoder/NTSC encoder to modulate the video content signals for the set-top box;

receiving the video content on the in-band channel of the set-top box using one of the selected frequencies, wherein the video content is encrypted by creating two encrypted program streams from the video content such that for each I frame in the MPEG data one of the two program streams contains an un-modified I frame and the other of the two program streams contains random shuffling of MPEG slices of the I frame and the video content is decrypted by a binary key that for a given I frame identifies the one of the two encrypted program streams as containing the un-modified I frame when a digit of the binary key is 0 and identifies the other of the two program streams as containing the un-modified I frame when the digit of the binary key is 1.

27. The adapter as recited in claim 26, wherein the QAM modulator comprises an Annex B type.

28. The adapter as recited in claim 26, further comprising a QPSK modulator/demodulator coupled with the tuner to perform two-way data communication between the set-top box and the hub.

29. A content protection system, comprising:

a content protector to create multiple scrambled program streams from a single program stream according to a key, wherein the content protector places an unscrambled video frame of program content in any one of the scrambled program streams and places an associated scrambled video frame of program content in each of the remaining multiple scrambled program streams, and wherein the identity of the scrambled program stream receiving the unscrambled video frame is recorded as a corresponding part of the key; and

wherein for each I frame in the single program stream one of the two scrambled program streams contains an un-modified I frame and the other of the two scrambled program streams contains random shuffling of MPEG slices of the I frame and the single program stream is decrypted by a binary key that for a given I frame identifies the one of the two scrambled program streams as containing the un-modified I frame when a digit of the binary key is 0 and identifies the other of the two scrambled program streams as containing the un-modified I frame when the digit of the binary key is 1;

a content decrypter to receive the multiple scrambled program streams and the key and decode the multiple scrambled program streams into a single program stream according to the key.

30. The content protection system as recited in claim 29, wherein after receiving the multiple scrambled program streams and the key:

the content decrypter reads the key to determine for a current part of the program stream which of the multiple scrambled program streams has the current unscrambled video frame of program content.

31. The content protection system as recited in claim 30, wherein sets of consecutive unscrambled video frames and corresponding sets of consecutive scrambled video frames are placed in the multiple scrambled program streams and the key is read at regular time intervals to determine which scrambled program stream has the next set of unscrambled video frames, wherein the key is a binary number provided to a set-top box from a hub.

32. The content protection system as recited in claim 31, wherein the key is read every one-half second.

33. The content protection system as recited in claim 29, further comprising a key generator in the content protector, wherein the key generator makes keys of a selected length.

34. The content protection system as recited in claim 33, wherein the content decrypter changes keys at regular time intervals.

35. The content protection system as recited in claim 34, wherein the content decrypter changes keys every ten seconds.

36. The content protection system as recited in claim 29, wherein the content protector streams one continuous key to the content decrypter.

37. A method of using a media network having a hub to send multimedia content to media network nodes and to set-top boxes in the media network, wherein the set-top boxes receive streaming Moving Picture Experts Group video modulated on coaxial cable rather than over an Internet protocol-based local area network, comprising:

tuning the set-top boxes to selected frequencies of at least about 5 megahertz to at most about 42 megahertz, wherein the selected frequencies are reserved for communication in the media network by a bidirectional electronic radio frequency notching filter configured to block signals of the selected frequencies incoming from a multimedia head and to block outgoing signals of the selected frequencies from leaving the media network;

requesting a list of programs from the hub on an out-of-band channel of a set-top box using a one of the selected frequencies, wherein the out-of-band channel comprises frequencies from at least about 5 megahertz to at most about 42 megahertz and is used for upstream communication from the set-top box to the hub by sending ALOHA data via a Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) demodulator;

receiving a list of programs from the hub on an in-band channel of the set-top box using one of the selected frequencies, wherein the in-band channel is used for downstream communication from the hub to the set-top box by sending data via an Annex B type Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) modulator and an upconverter;

requesting program content on the out-of-band channel of the set-top box using one of the selected frequencies;

receiving a confirmation of the requesting program content on the in-band channel of the set-top box using one of the selected frequencies; and

receiving the program content on the in-band channel of the set-top box using one of the selected frequencies, wherein the program content is encrypted by creating two encrypted program streams from the program content such that for each I frame in the MPEG data one of the two program streams contains an un-modified I frame and the other of the two program streams contains random shuffling of MPEG slices of the I frame and the program content is decrypted by a binary key that for a given I frame identifies the one of the two encrypted program streams as containing the un-modified I frame when a digit of the binary key is 0 and identifies the other of the two program streams as containing the un-modified I frame when the digit of the binary key is 1;

wherein the hub is a personal computer comprising an API layer configured to mask the two unidirectional data channels such that the two unidirectional channels present an interface that appears as a bidirectional channel to applications and functions on the hub.

38. A method of using a media network having a hub to send multimedia content to media network nodes and to set-top boxes in the media network, comprising:

tuning the set-top boxes to selected frequencies reserved for communication in the media network;

requesting a trick mode on an out-of-band channel of a set-top box using one of the selected frequencies, wherein the out-of-band channel comprises frequencies from at least about 5 megahertz to at most about 42 megahertz and is used for upstream communication from the set-top box to the hub by sending ALOHA data;

receiving a confirmation of the requesting a trick mode on the in-band channel of the set-top box using one of the selected frequencies, wherein the in-band channel is used for downstream communication from the hub to the set-top box by sending data via a Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) modulator and an upconverter and the hub is a computer comprising an API layer configured to mask the out-of-band channel and the in-band channel such that the out-of-band channel and the in-band channel present an interface that appears as a bidirectional channel to applications and functions on the hub; and

receiving program content in the trick mode on the in-band channel of the set-top box using one of the selected frequencies;

wherein the program content on the in-band channel of the set-top box using one of the selected frequencies, wherein the program content is encrypted by creating two encrypted program streams from the program content such that for each I frame in the MPEG data one of the two program streams contains an un-modified I frame and the other of the two program streams contains random shuffling of MPEG slices of the I frame and the program content is decrypted by a binary key that for a given I frame identifies the one of the two encrypted program streams as containing the un-modified I frame when a digit of the binary key is 0 and identifies the other of the two program streams as containing the un-modified I frame when the digit of the binary key is 1.

39. One or more computer readable media containing instructions that are executable by a computer to perform actions comprising:

filtering signals received by the media network to provide one or more clear frequencies for communicating between a set-top box and a hub of a media network;

tuning the set-top box to send data to the hub on an out-of-band channel, wherein the out-of-band channel comprises frequencies from at least about 5 megahertz to at most about 42 megahertz and is used for upstream communication from the set-top box to the hub by sending ALOHA data; and

tuning the set-top box to receive a program content from the hub on an in-band channel, wherein the in-band channel is used for downstream communication from the hub to the set-top box by sending data via a Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) modulator and an upconverter, wherein the hub is a computer comprising an API layer configured to mask the out-of-band channel and the in-band channel such that the out-of-band channel and the in-band channel present an interface that appears as a bidirectional channel to applications and functions on the hub,

receiving the program content on the in-band channel of the set-top box using one of the selected frequencies, wherein the program content is encrypted by creating two encrypted program streams from the program content such that for each I frame in the MPEG data one of the two program streams contains an un-modified I frame and the other of the two program streams contains random shuffling of MPEG slices of the I frame and the program content is decrypted by a binary key that for a given I frame identifies the one of the two encrypted program streams as containing the un-modified I frame when a digit of the binary key is 0 and identifies the other of the two program streams as containing the un-modified I frame when the digit of the binary key is 1.

40. The one or more computer readable media as recited in claim 39, further comprising tuning the set-top box to receive multimedia content from the hub on the in-band channel.

41. The one or more computer readable media as recited in claim 39, further comprising tuning the set-top box to receive multimedia content from the hub on the in-band channel.

42. The one or more computer readable media as recited in claim 39, further comprising simultaneously sending communications and content between the hub and a media network node of the media network using Internet Protocol-based local area network communications while sending communications and content between the hub and a set-top box using the out-of-band and the in-band channels.

43. The one or more computer readable media as recited in claim 39, further comprising encrypting programming content to be sent from the hub to a conventional set-top box.

44. The one or more computer readable media as recited in claim 43, further comprising sending multiple program streams each representing a different scrambled version of a content, wherein the entire content can be derived from the multiple program streams using a key.