Systems and methods for improved biometric feature definition

• US 7,627,151 B2
• Filed: 11/23/2005
• Issued: 12/01/2009
• Est. Priority Date: 04/04/2003
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: HID Global Corporation (Assa Abloy AB)
• Original Assignee: Lumidigm Incorporated (Assa Abloy AB)
• Inventors: Rowe, Robert K.
• Primary Examiner(s): Strege; John B
• Application Number:
  US11/286,156
• Publication Number:
  US 20060110015A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,469 Days
• Field of Search: 382/124, 382/125, 340/5.53, 340/5.83
• US Class Current: 382/124
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/443 Evaluating skin constituents, e.g. elastin, melanin, water
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 40/1324 by using geometrical optics, e.g. using prisms G06V40/1312 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 40/1394 using acquisition arrangements
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 40/40 Spoof detection, e.g. liveness detection

Abstract

Methods and systems are provided for performing a biometric function. A purported skin site of an individual is illuminated under distinct optical conditions during a single illumination session for a fixed position of the purported skin site. Light from the purported skin site is received for each of the optical conditions. Images of the purported skin site are generated from the received light. The images are analyzed to identify a biometric feature as a characteristic in a portion of at least one of the images. The biometric function is implemented in accordance with an identification of the biometric feature.

Claims

1. A method of performing a biometric function, the method comprising:

illuminating a purported skin site of an individual under a plurality of distinct optical conditions for a substantially fixed position of the purported skin site;

focusing an imager at a first focal plane of the purported skin site;

receiving light at the imager from the first focal plane of the purported skin site;

focusing the imager at a second focal plane of the purported skin site;

receiving light at the imager from the second focal plane of the purported skin site;

generating a plurality of multispectral images of the purported skin site from the light received from the first focal plane and the second focal plane; and

identifying a biometric feature using the plurality of multispectral images.

2. The method recited in claim 1 wherein the biometric feature is a characteristic common to respective portions of multiple of the plurality of images.

3. The method recited in claim 1 wherein the biometric feature comprises a plurality of biometric features.

4. The method recited in claim 3 wherein the identifying a biometric feature comprises:

identifying a spatial relationship among the plurality of multispectral images from a condition that placement of the purported skin site is common for each of the plurality of multispectral images; and

identifying the plurality of biometric features from the identified spatial relationship.

5. The method recited in claim 3 further comprising comparing the plurality of biometric features with a set of biometric features stored in a database relating sets of biometric features with identified individuals.

6. The method recited in claim 1 wherein:

the purported skin site comprises a finger of the individual;

the plurality of multispectral images comprise a plurality of multispectral fingerprint images; and

the biometric feature comprises a minutia point of at least one of the plurality of multispectral fingerprint images.

7. The method recited in claim 1 wherein the illuminating illuminates the purported skin site under a plurality of distinct illumination wavelengths.

8. The method recited in claim 1 wherein the illuminating illuminates the purported skin site under a plurality of distinct polarization conditions.

9. The method recited in claim 1 wherein the illuminating illuminates the purported skin site under a plurality of distinct illumination orientations for illuminating the purported skin site during the illumination session.

10. The method recited in claim 1 further comprising receiving light from a third focal plane of the purported skin site during the illumination session;

and generating a plurality of multispectral images of the purported skin site from the light received from the first focal plane, the second focal plane, and the third focal plane.

11. The method recited in claim 1 further comprising identifying the individual or verifying an identity of the individual.

12. The method recited in claim 1 wherein receiving light from the second focal plane of the purported skin site comprises receiving light scattered from beneath a surface of the purported skin site.

13. The method recited in claim 1 wherein the plurality of multispectral images comprises a total-internal-reflectance (“

TIR”

) image of the skin site and a non-TIR image of the skin site.

14. The method recited in claim 1 wherein:

the purported skin site comprises a finger of the individual;

the purported skin site is in contact with a platen;

the plurality of images comprises a multispectral fingerprint image; and

the biometric feature comprises a biometric feature of the individual identified outside an area of contact of the purported skin site with the platen.

15. The method recited in claim 1 wherein analyzing the plurality of multispectral images comprises:

skeletonizing the at least one of the multispectral images; and

identifying the biometric feature in the skeletonized at least one of the multispectral images.

16. The method recited in claim 1 wherein:

analyzing the plurality of multispectral images comprises performing a decomposition of the portion of the at least one of the images onto a set of basis functions; and

the biometric feature comprises a set of coefficients formed by the decomposition.

17. The method recited in claim 1 wherein the biometric feature comprises a representation of ridges and valleys on the skin site.

18. The method recited in claim 1 wherein the biometric feature comprises a characteristic of a presence of blood vessels beneath a surface of the purported skin site.

19. A biometric system comprising:

a platen adapted for placement of a purported skin site by an individual;

an illumination source disposed to illuminate the purported skin site under a plurality of distinct optical conditions when placed on the platen;

an imaging system configured to focus at a first focal plane of the purported skin site during a first focusing event, and configured to focus at a second focal plane of the purported skin site during a second focusing event; and

a controller interfaced with the illumination source and the imaging system, the controller including;

instructions to illuminate the purported skin site with the illumination source during an illumination session for a substantially fixed position of the purported skin site;

instructions to focus the imaging system at a first focal plane of the purported skin site;

instructions to capture light at the imaging system from the first focal plane of the purported skin site separately for each of the plurality of distinct optical conditions;

instructions to focus the imaging system at a second focal plane of the purported skin site;

instructions to capture light at the imaging system from the second focal plane of the purported skin site separately for each of the plurality of distinct optical conditions from the second focal plane of the purported skin site;

instructions to generate a plurality of multispectral images of the purported skin site from the light received by the imaging system from at least the first focal plane and the second focal plane of the purported skin site; and

instructions to identify a biometric feature using the plurality of multispectral images.

20. The biometric system recited in claim 19 wherein the biometric feature is a characteristic common to respective portions of multiple of the plurality of multispectral images.

21. The biometric system recited in claim 19 wherein the biometric feature comprises a plurality of biometric features.

22. The biometric system recited in claim 21 further comprising:

instructions to identify a spatial relationship among the plurality of multispectral images from a condition that placement of the purported skin site on the platen is common for each of the plurality of multispectral images; and

instructions to identify the plurality of biometric features from the identified spatial relationship.

23. The biometric system recited in claim 21 further comprising a database interfaced with the controller, the database relating sets of biometric features with identified individuals, wherein the instructions to implement the biometric function comprise instructions to compare the plurality of biometric features with a set of biometric features stored in the database.

24. The biometric system recited in claim 19 further comprising a first polarizer disposed to polarize light provided by the illumination source, wherein:

the imaging system comprises a second polarizer disposed to polarize the light received from the purported skin site; and

the plurality of distinct optical conditions comprise distinct relative polarization conditions.

25. The biometric system recited in claim 19 further comprising a first polarizer disposed to polarize light provided by the illumination source, wherein:

the imaging system comprises a second polarizer disposed to polarize the light received from the purported skin site; and

the first and second polarizers are substantially in a crossed configuration.

26. The biometric system recited in claim 19 wherein:

the imaging system comprises a color filter array having a plurality of distributed filter elements, each filter element being adapted to transmit light of one of a limited number of specified narrowband wavelength ranges; and

the plurality of distinct optical conditions comprise distinct wavelengths of illumination light within the specified narrowband wavelength ranges.

27. The biometric system recited in claim 26 wherein the instructions to illuminate the purported skin site comprises instructions to illuminate the purported skin site with different wavelength sequentially.

28. The biometric system recited in claim 19 wherein the controller further includes instructions to illuminate the purported skin site with light from within the platen at an angle greater than a critical angle defined by an interface of the platen with an environment external to the platen, wherein the instructions to generate a plurality of images of the purported skin sited from light received by the imaging system comprise instructions to generate at least one of the plurality of images as an image of surface structure of the purported skin site from light incident on the interface of the platen where the purported skin site is in contact with the platen.

29. The biometric system recited in claim 19 wherein the instructions to analyze the plurality of multispectral images comprise:

instructions to skeletonize the at least one of the multispectral images; and

instructions to identify the biometric feature in the skeletonized at least one of the multispectral images.

30. The biometric system recited in claim 19 wherein:

the instructions to analyze the plurality of images comprise instructions to perform a decomposition of the portion of the at least one of the multispectral images onto a set of basis functions; and

the biometric feature comprises a set of coefficients formed by the decomposition.