Synchronization in a distributed system

• US 7,706,007 B2
• Filed: 04/08/2005
• Issued: 04/27/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 04/08/2005
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Palo Alto Research Center, Inc. (Xerox Holdings Corp.)
• Original Assignee: Palo Alto Research Center, Inc. (Xerox Holdings Corp.)
• Inventors: Crawford, Lara S., Hindi, Haitham A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Tran; Douglas Q
• Application Number:
  US11/102,899
• Publication Number:
  US 20060227350A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,845 Days
• Field of Search: 358/1.15, 399/16, 399/18, 399/38, 399/46, 718/100, 700/213, 700/2, 700/9, 700/11, 700/14, 700/20, 700/44, 700/95
• US Class Current: 358/1.15
• CPC Class Codes: G05B 19/4185 characterised by the network communication
• CPC Class Codes: G05B 2219/31213 Synchronization of servers in network
• CPC Class Codes: G05B 2219/45187 Printer
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 90/02 Total factory control, e.g. smart factories, flexible manufacturing systems [FMS] or integrated manufacturing systems [IMS]

Abstract

A method for synchronizing the control efforts of a plurality of controllers includes determining an apply time for using updated information. The apply time can take into account worst case processing and/or communication delays across a system. Reacting to the updated information only after at the apply time ensures that all system elements are able to react to the updated information in concert. A time stamp indicates when the data was collected. The apply time indicates when the data can be used. Process modeling or simulation is used to estimate system status at the apply time based on the system status at the time of the time stamp, the updated information, and predetermined information regarding the behavior of the system over time. In a document processor, the method allows tightly coupled modules, such as sheet transportation modules, to behave in a cooperative manner when separate modules are in contact with the same sheet.

Claims

1. A method for synchronizing control efforts of a plurality of controllers associated with a process, the method comprising:

receiving updated process information regarding the process in association with a time stamp indicating when the updated process information was collected;

determining a maximum delay associated with distributing the updated process information to at least one of the plurality of controllers;

determining, based on the determined maximum delay, an apply time at which the plurality of controllers are to react to the updated process information, and

updating, at each controller of the plurality of controllers, a process model based on the updated process information and the determined apply time.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein receiving updated process information comprises:

receiving feedback information from a first controller of the plurality.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein receiving updated process information comprises:

receiving feedback information from a sensor that is operative to sense and report information regarding an aspect of the system.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein receiving updated process information comprises:

receiving feedback information from a sensor that is operative to sense at least one of sheet position, sheet speed and sheet trajectory information regarding a sheet being processed by the system.

6. The method of claim 1 further comprising:

transmitting the updated process information and at least one of the determined apply time and the time stamp to the plurality of controllers.

7. The method of claim 6 further comprising:

receiving the updated process information and the determined apply time; and

updating the process model based on the received updated process information and the determined apply time.

8. The method of claim 7 wherein determining an appropriate apply time comprises:

receiving the updated process information and the time stamp; and

determining the appropriate apply time based on the received time stamp and the determined maximum delay.

10. The method of claim 1 wherein determining the apply time based on the determined maximum delay comprises:

adding the determined maximum delay to a maximum preparation period for the plurality of controllers to prepare to use the updated process information.

11. The method of claim 1 wherein determining the apply time based on the determined maximum delay comprises:

adding the determined maximum delay to a maximum preparation period for the plurality of controllers to prepare to update the process models maintained by each of the controllers of the plurality.

12. The method of claim 1 further comprising:

selecting the plurality of controllers from a superset of controllers based on at least one of the received updated process information, output of the process model and output of a second process model.

13. The method of claim 1 further comprising:

updating a vocess model at a supervisory element.

14. The method of claim 1 wherein updating the process model based on the updated process information and the determined apply time comprises:

using forward propagation to simulate the process forward from the time indicated by the time stamp to the apply time.

2. The method of claim I further comprising:

producing a control signal, at each controller of the plurality of controllers, based on the updated process model, beginning after the determined apply time.

9. The method of claim I wherein determining a maximum delay associated with distributing the updated process information comprises:

determining a maximum number of state periods associated with transmitting the updated process information to the plurality of controllers.

15. A system comprising:

a plurality of controllers, each controller of the plurality being operative to control a portion of a task associated with a process;

a distributing element that is operative to receive updated process information regarding the process, select controllers of the plurality to receive the updated process information, distribute the updated process information to the selected controllers in conjunction with at least one of a time stamp indicating when the undated process information was collected and an apply time indicating when the information is to be used.

16. The system of claim 15 wherein the distributing element comprises:

a coordinator that is operative to receive the updated process information from at least one of a controller and a sensor, transform the updated process information to a form useful to each of the selected controllers, if necessary, and transmit the updated process information or the transformed information and the at least one of the time stamp and the apply time to the selected controllers.

17. The system of claim 15 wherein the distributing element comprises:

a first controller that is operative to receive the updated process information from at least one of an estimator within the first controller and a sensor, transform the information to a form useful to each of the selected controllers, if necessary, and transmit the updated process information or the transformed information and the at least one of the time stamp and the apply time to the selected controllers.

18. The system of claim 15 wherein each of the selected controllers are operative to produce a control signal based on the updated process information beginning after the apply time.

19. The system of claim 15 wherein the distributing element is operative to receive updated process information regarding at least one of a sheet position, sheet speed and sheet trajectory information related to a sheet being processed by the system.

20. The system of claim 15 wherein the distributing element is operative to distribute the process information by transmitting the updated process information, or a transformed version thereof, and the at least one of the apply time and the time stamp to the plurality of selected controllers over a system network.

21. The system of claim 15 wherein the selected controllers are operative to receive the updated process information, or a transformed version thereof, and the apply time and update a process model based on the received updated process information and the apply time.

22. The system of claim 15 wherein the selected controllers are operative to receive the updated process information, or transformed version thereof, and the time stamp, determine a maximum delay associated with the distribution of the updated process information or transformed version, determine an appropriate apply time based on the maximum delay and update a process model based on the received updated process information and the determined appropriate apply time.

23. The system of claim 15 wherein the distributing element is operative to select the controllers from the plurality of controllers based on at least one of the received updated process information and output of a process model.

24. The system of claim 15 wherein the selected controllers are operative to update a process model using forward propagation to simulate the process from the time indicated by the time stamp forward to an apply time, based on the updated process information or a transformed version thereof, the time stamp and one of the distributed apply time or an apply time determined individually by each of the selected controllers.

25. A method for synchronizing control efforts of a plurality of module controllers in a document processing system, the method comprising:

receiving updated sheet processing information in association with a time stamp indicating when the updated sheet processing information was collected;

determining a maximum delay associated with distributing the updated sheet processing information to at least one of the plurality of module controllers;

determining, based on the determined maximum delay, an apply time at which the plurality of module controllers are to react to the updated sheet processing information, and

updating, at each controller of the plurality of module controllers, a sheet process model based on the updated sheet processing information and the determined apply time.

26. The method of claim 25 wherein receiving updated sheet processing information comprises:

receiving at least one of sheet position, sheet velocity and sheet trajectory information from at least one of a first controller of the plurality and a sensor.

27. A document processing system comprising:

a first xerographic marking engine;

a plurality of transport module controllers, each transport module controller of the plurality being operative to control a portion of a sheet transportation task related to transporting a sheet to or from the first xerographic marking engine;

a distributing element that is operative to receive updated process information, select transport module controllers of the plurality to receive the updated process information based on the received updated process information, and distribute the updated process information to the selected transport module controllers in conjunction with at least one of a time stamp indicating when the information was collected and an apply time indicating when the information is to be used.

28. The system of claim 27 further comprising:

at least a second marking engine, wherein the sheet transportation task is further related to transporting the sheet to or from the at least a second marking engine.