Magnetic resonance imaging interference immune device

• US 7,729,777 B2
• Filed: 07/08/2004
• Issued: 06/01/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 06/24/2003
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Medtronic Incorporated (Medtronic Plc)
• Original Assignee: Medtronic Incorporated (Medtronic Plc)
• Inventors: Gray, Robert W., MacDonald, Stuart G.
• Primary Examiner(s): Manuel; George
• Assistant Examiner(s): Wieland; Robert N
• Application Number:
  US10/887,533
• Publication Number:
  US 20040263174A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,154 Days
• Field of Search: 607/115, 607/116, 607/64, 607/65
• US Class Current: 607/64
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2562/222 Electrical cables or leads therefor, e.g. coaxial cables or ribbon cables
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/05 for implantation or insertion into the body, e.g. heart electrode A61N1/06 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/086 Magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] compatible leads
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/37 Monitoring; Protecting
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3718 Monitoring of or protection against external electromagnetic fields or currents
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 33/285 Invasive instruments, e.g. catheters or biopsy needles, specially adapted for tracking, guiding or visualization by NMR
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 33/288 Provisions within MR facilities for enhancing safety during MR, e.g. reduction of the specific absorption rate [SAR], detection of ferromagnetic objects in the scanner room
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 33/34084 implantable coils or coils being geometrically adaptable to the sample, e.g. flexible coils or coils comprising mutually movable parts
• CPC Class Codes: H03H 7/42 Networks for transforming balanced signals into unbalanced signals and vice versa, e.g. baluns

Abstract

A voltage compensation unit reduces the effects of induced voltages upon a device having a single wire line. The single wire line has balanced characteristic impedance. The voltage compensation unit includes a tunable compensation circuit connected to the wire line. The tunable compensation circuit applies supplemental impedance to the wire line. The supplemental impedance causes the characteristic impedance of the wire line to become unbalanced, thereby reducing the effects of induced voltages caused by changing magnetic fields.

Claims

1. An implantable medical device which reduces the effects of MRI induced signals, comprising:

a canister housing electronic components of the implantable medical device;

a medical device electrical lead coupled to at least one of the electronic components of the implantable medical device, wherein an electrically conductive path is defined from the electronic components of the implantable medical device, through the medical device electrical lead and back to the canister housing through a body of a patient; and

at least one coil that generates a voltage due to a changing MRI electromagnetic field opposite to a voltage induced on the electrically conductive path from the electronic components of the implantable medical device, through the medical device electrical lead and back to the canister housing through the body of the patient by the changing MRI electromagnetic field so as to reduce the voltage induced on the electrically conductive path from the electronic components of the implantable medical device, through the medical device electrical lead and back to the canister housing through the body of the patient by the changing MRI electromagnetic field.

2. The implantable medical device as claimed in claim 1, wherein said coil is curved in three different spatial directions.

3. The implantable medical device as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:

orientation means for changing a spatial orientation of said coil to modify the strength of the voltage induced by the changing MRI electromagnetic field.

4. The implantable medical device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the changing MRI electromagnetic field is one of a MRI switched gradient field and a MRI radio-frequency field.

5. The implantable medical device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the at least one coil is within the canister housing of the implantable medical device.

6. An implantable medical device which reduces the effects of MRI induced signals, comprising:

a canister housing electronic components of the implantable medical device;

a medical device electrical lead coupled to at least one of the electronic components of the implantable medical device, wherein an electrically conductive path is defined from the electronic components of the implantable medical device, through the medical device electrical lead and back to the canister housing through a body of a patient; and

a plurality of coils, each coil generating a voltage due to a changing MRI electromagnetic field such that a combination of voltages generated by each of the coils due to a changing MRI electromagnetic field provides a combined voltage that is opposite to a voltage induced on the electrically conductive path from the electronic components of the implantable medical device, through the medical device electrical lead and back to the canister housing through the body of the patient by the changing MRI electromagnetic field so as to reduce the voltage induced by the changing MRI electromagnetic field on the electrically conductive path from the electronic components of the implantable medical device, through the medical device electrical lead and back to the canister housing through the body of the patient.

7. The implantable medical device as claimed in claim 6, wherein said coils are curved in three different spatial directions.

8. The implantable medical device as claimed in claim 6, further comprising:

orientation means for changing a spatial orientation of said coils to modify the strength of the voltage due to the changing MRI electromagnetic field.

9. The implantable medical device as claimed in claim 6, wherein the changing MRI electromagnetic field is a MRI switched gradient field.

10. The implantable medical device as claimed in claim 6, wherein the changing MRI electromagnetic field is a MRI radio-frequency field.

11. An implantable medical device which reduces the effects of MRI induced signals, comprising:

a canister housing electronic components of the implantable medical device;

a medical device electrical lead coupled to at least one of the electronic components of the implantable medical device, wherein an electrically conductive path is defined from the electronic components of the implantable medical device, through the medical device electrical lead and back to the canister housing through a body of a patient; and

three orthogonally planar coils, each coil generating a voltage due to a changing MRI electromagnetic field such that a combination of voltages generated by each of the coils due to a changing MRI electromagnetic field provides a combined voltage that is opposite to a voltage induced on the electrically conductive path from the electronic components of the implantable medical device, through the medical device electrical lead and back to the canister housing through the body of the patient by the changing MRI electromagnetic field so as to reduce the voltage induced by the changing MRI electromagnetic field on the electrically conductive path from the electronic components of the implantable medical device, through the medical device electrical lead and back to the canister housing through the body of the patient.

12. The implantable medical device as claimed in claim 11, wherein the changing MRI electromagnetic field is a MRI switched gradient field.

13. The implantable medical device as claimed in claim 11, wherein the changing MRI electromagnetic field is a MRI switched gradient field.

14. An implantable medical device which reduces the effects of MRI induced signals, comprising:

a canister housing an implantable pulse generator providing pacing pulses;

a medical device electrical lead capable of providing an electrical path from the implantable pulse generator to a desired tissue region such that the pacing pulse can pace a heart;

a plurality of coils within the canister, each coil generating a voltage due to a changing MRI electromagnetic field;

a sensor to measure a strength of voltages induced by the changing MRI electromagnetic field; and

a switching device, operatively connected to said sensor and plurality of coils, to operatively connect a number of said plurality of coils in response to the measured strength of voltages induced by the changing MRI electromagnetic field such that a combination of voltages due to a changing MRI electromagnetic field provides a combined voltage that is opposite to the voltage which would be induced by the changing MRI electromagnetic field in said implantable medical device so as to reduce voltages induced by the changing MRI electromagnetic field.

15. The implantable medical device as claimed in claim 14, wherein said coils are curved in three different spatial directions.

16. The implantable medical device as claimed in claim 14, further comprising:

orientation means for changing a spatial orientation of said coils to modify the strength of the voltage induced by the changing MRI electromagnetic field.

17. The implantable medical device as claimed in claim 14, wherein the changing MRI electromagnetic field is a MRI switched gradient field.

18. The implantable medical device as claimed in claim 14, wherein the changing MRI electromagnetic field is a MRI switched gradient field.

19. An implantable medical device which reduces the effects of MRI induced signals, comprising:

a canister housing an implantable pulse generator providing pacing pulses;

a medical device electrical lead capable of providing an electrical path from the implantable pulse generator to a desired tissue region and back to the canister through a body of a patient such that the pacing pulse can pace a heart;

three orthogonally planar coils within the canister, each coil generating a voltage due to a changing MRI electromagnetic field;

a sensor to measure a strength of voltages induced by the changing MRI electromagnetic field; and

a switching device, operatively connected to said sensor and said coils, to operatively connect a number of said coils in response to the measured strength of voltages induced by the changing MRI electromagnetic field such that a combination of voltages due to a changing MRI electromagnetic field provides a combined voltage that is opposite to the voltage which would be induced by the changing MRI electromagnetic field in said implantable medical device so as to reduce voltages induced by the changing MRI electromagnetic field.

20. The implantable medical device as claimed in claim 19, wherein the changing MRI electromagnetic field is a MRI switched gradient field.

21. The implantable medical device as claimed in claim 19, wherein the changing MRI electromagnetic field is a MRI radio-frequency field.

22. An implantable medical device which reduces the effects of MRI induced signals, comprising:

a canister housing an implantable pulse generator providing pacing pulses;

a medical device electrical lead capable of providing an electrical path from the implantable pulse generator to a desired tissue region and back to the canister through a body of a patient such that the pacing pulse can pace a heart;

a plurality of coils within the canister, each coil generating a voltage due to a changing MRI electromagnetic field;

a transceiver to receive a signal indicating a number of coils to be connected; and

a switching device, operatively connected to said transceiver and plurality of coils, to operatively connect a number of said plurality of coils in response to the received signal indicating the number of coils to be connected such that a combination of voltages due to a changing MRI electromagnetic field provides a combined voltage that is opposite to the voltage which would be induced by the changing MRI electromagnetic field in said implantable medical device so as to reduce voltages induced by the changing MRI electromagnetic field.

23. The implantable medical device as claimed in claim 22, wherein said coils are curved in three different spatial directions.

24. The implantable medical device as claimed in claim 22, further comprising:

orientation means for changing a spatial orientation of said coils to modify the strength of the voltage induced by the changing MRI electromagnetic field.

25. The implantable medical device as claimed in claim 22, wherein the changing MRI electromagnetic field is a MRI switched gradient field.

26. The implantable medical device as claimed in claim 22, wherein the changing MRI electromagnetic field is a MRI radio-frequency field.

27. An implantable medical device which reduces the effects of MRI induced signals, comprising:

a canister housing an implantable pulse generator providing pacing pulses;

a medical device electrical lead capable of providing an electrical path from the implantable pulse generator to a desired tissue region and back to the canister through a body of a patient such that the pacing pulse can pace a heart;

three orthogonally planar coils within the canister, each coil generating a voltage due to a changing MRI electromagnetic field;

a transceiver to receive a signal indicating a number of coils to be connected; and

a switching device, operatively connected to said transceiver and said coils, to operatively connect a number of said coils in response to the received signal indicating the number of coils to be connected such that a combination of voltages due to a changing MRI electromagnetic field provides a combined voltage that is opposite to the voltage which would be induced by the changing MRI electromagnetic field in said implantable medical device so as to reduce voltages induced by the changing MRI electromagnetic field.

28. The implantable medical device as claimed in claim 27, wherein the changing MRI electromagnetic field is a MRI switched gradient field.

29. The implantable medical device as claimed in claim 27, wherein the changing MRI electromagnetic field is a MRI radio-frequency field.

30. An implantable medical device which reduces the effects of MRI induced signals, comprising:

a canister housing a medical device capable of providing medical treatment to a desired tissue region via an electrically conductive path from the medical device to the tissue region and back to the canister through a body of a patient; and

a coil positioned within the canister that generates a voltage induced by a changing MRI electromagnetic field opposite to a voltage which would be induced by the changing MRI electromagnetic field in said electrically conductive path to said implantable medical device so as to reduce voltages induced by the changing MRI electromagnetic field.

31. The implantable medical device as claimed in claim 30, wherein said coil is curved in three different spatial directions.

32. The implantable medical device as claimed in claim 30, further comprising:

orientation means for changing a spatial orientation of said coil to modify the strength of the voltage induced by the changing MRI electromagnetic field.

33. The implantable medical device as claimed in claim 30, wherein the changing MRI electromagnetic field is one of a MRI switched gradient field and a MRI radio-frequency field.

34. The implantable medical device as claimed in claim 30,

further comprising a medical device electrical lead coupled to at least one electronic component within the canister housing of the medical device, wherein an electrically conductive path is defined from the at least one electronic component of the implantable medical device, through the medical device electrical lead and back to the canister housing through a body of a patient;

and

wherein the coil that generates a voltage due to a changing MRI electromagnetic field opposite to a voltage induced on the electrically conductive path from the electronic components of the implantable medical device, through the medical device electrical lead and back to the canister housing through the body of the patient by the changing MRI electromagnetic field so as to reduce the voltage induced on the electrically conductive path from the electronic components of the implantable medical device, through the medical device electrical lead and back to the canister housing through the body of the patient by the changing MRI electromagnetic field.

35. An implantable medical device which reduces the effects of MRI induced signals, comprising:

a canister housing a medical device capable of providing medical treatment to a desired tissue region via an electrically conductive path from the medical device to the tissue region and back to the canister through a body of a patient; and

a plurality of coils within the canister, each coil generating a voltage due to a changing MRI electromagnetic field such that a combination of voltages due to a changing MRI electromagnetic field provides a combined voltage that is opposite to the voltage which would be induced by the changing MRI electromagnetic field in said implantable medical device so as to reduce voltages induced by the changing MRI electromagnetic field.

36. The implantable medical device as claimed in claim 35, wherein said coils are curved in three different spatial directions.

37. The implantable medical device as claimed in claim 35, further comprising:

orientation means for changing a spatial orientation of said coil to modify the strength of the voltage induced by the changing MRI electromagnetic field.

38. The implantable medical device as claimed in claim 35, wherein the changing MRI electromagnetic field is a MRI switched gradient field.

39. The implantable medical device as claimed in claim 35, wherein the changing MRI electromagnetic field is a MRI radio-frequency field.

40. An implantable medical device which reduces the effects of MRI induced signals, comprising:

a canister housing a medical device capable of providing medical treatment to a desired tissue region via an electrically conductive path from the medical device to the tissue region and back to the canister through a body of a patient; and

three orthogonally planar coils within the canister, each coil generating a voltage due to a changing MRI electromagnetic field such that a combination of voltages due to a changing MRI electromagnetic field provides a combined voltage that is opposite to the voltage which would be induced by the changing MRI electromagnetic field in said implantable medical device so as to reduce voltages induced by the changing MRI electromagnetic field.

41. The implantable medical device as claimed in claim 40, wherein the changing MRI electromagnetic field is a MRI switched gradient field.

42. The implantable medical device as claimed in claim 40, wherein the changing MRI electromagnetic field is a MRI radio-frequency field.

43. An implantable medical device which reduces the effects of MRI induced signals, comprising:

a canister housing a medical device capable of providing medical treatment to a desired tissue region via an electrically conductive path from the medical device to the tissue region and back to the canister through a body of a patient, a plurality of coils within the canister, each coil generating a voltage due to a changing MRI electromagnetic field;

a sensor to measure a strength of voltages induced by the changing MRI electromagnetic field; and

a switching device, operatively connected to said sensor and plurality of coils, to operatively connect a number of said plurality of coils in response to the measured strength of voltages induced by the changing MRI electromagnetic field such that a combination of voltages due to a changing MRI electromagnetic field provides a combined voltage that is opposite to the voltage which would be induced by the changing MRI electromagnetic field in said implantable medical device so as to reduce voltages induced by the changing MRI electromagnetic field.

44. The implantable medical device as claimed in claim 43, wherein the changing MRI electromagnetic field is a MRI switched gradient field.

45. The implantable medical device as claimed in claim 43, wherein the changing MRI electromagnetic field is a MRI radio-frequency field.

46. The implantable medical device as claimed in claim 43, wherein said coils are curved in three different spatial directions.

47. The implantable medical device as claimed in claim 43, further comprising:

orientation means for changing a spatial orientation of said coil to modify the strength of the voltage induced by the changing MRI electromagnetic field.

48. An implantable medical device which reduces the effects of MRI induced signals, comprising:

a canister housing a medical device capable of providing medical treatment to a desired tissue region via an electrically conductive path from the medical device to the tissue region and back to the canister through a body of a patient;

three orthogonally planar coils within the canister, each coil generating a voltage due to a changing MRI electromagnetic field;

a sensor to measure a strength of voltages induced by the changing MRI electromagnetic field; and

a switching device, operatively connected to said sensor and plurality of coils, to operatively connect a number of said plurality of coils in response to the measured strength of voltages induced by changing MRI electromagnetic field such that a combination of voltages due to a changing MRI electromagnetic field provides a combined voltage that is opposite to the voltage which would be induced by the changing MRI electromagnetic field in said implantable medical device so as to reduce voltages induced by the changing MRI electromagnetic field.

49. The implantable medical device as claimed in claim 48, wherein the changing MRI electromagnetic field is a MRI switched gradient field.

50. The implantable medical device as claimed in claim 48, wherein the changing MRI electromagnetic field is a MRI radio-frequency field.

51. An implantable medical device which reduces the effects of MRI induced signals, comprising:

a canister housing a medical device capable of providing medical treatment to a desired tissue region via an electrically conductive path from the medical device to the tissue region and back to the canister through a body of a patient;

a plurality of coils within the canister, each coil generating a voltage due to a changing MRI electromagnetic field;

a transceiver to receive a signal indicating a number of coils to be connected; and

a switching device, operatively connected to said transceiver and said coils, to operatively connect a number of said coils in response to the received signal indicating the number of coils to be connected such that a combination of voltages due to a changing MRI electromagnetic field provides a combined voltage that is opposite to the voltage which would be induced by the changing MRI electromagnetic field in said implantable medical device so as to reduce voltages induced by the changing MRI electromagnetic field.

52. The implantable medical device as claimed in claim 51, wherein the changing MRI electromagnetic field is a MRI switched gradient field.

53. The implantable medical device as claimed in claim 51, wherein the changing MRI electromagnetic field is a MRI radio-frequency field.

54. The implantable medical device as claimed in claim 51, wherein said coils are curved in three different spatial directions.

55. The implantable medical device as claimed in claim 51, further comprising:

orientation means for changing a spatial orientation of said coil to modify the strength of the voltage induced by the changing MRI electromagnetic field.

56. An implantable medical device which reduces the effects of MRI induced signals, comprising:

a canister housing a medical device capable of providing medical treatment to a desired tissue region via an electrically conductive path from the medical device to the tissue region and back to the canister through a body of a patient;

three orthogonally planar coils within the canister, each coil generating a voltage due to a changing MRI electromagnetic field;

a transceiver to receive a signal indicating a number of coils to be connected; and

a switching device, operatively connected to said transceiver and said coils, to operatively connect a number of said coils in response to the received signal indicating the number of coils to be connected such that a combination of voltages due to a changing MRI electromagnetic field provides a combined voltage that is opposite to the voltage which would be induced by the changing MRI electromagnetic field in said medical device so as to reduce voltages induced by the changing MRI electromagnetic field.

57. The implantable medical device as claimed in claim 56, wherein the changing MRI electromagnetic field is a MRI switched gradient field.

58. The implantable medical device as claimed in claim 56, wherein the changing MRI electromagnetic field is a MRI radio-frequency field.

59. An implantable medical device which reduces the effects of MRI induced signals, comprising:

a canister housing an implantable pulse generator providing pacing pulses;

a medical device electrical lead capable of providing an electrical path from the implantable pulse generator to a desired tissue region such that the pacing pulse can pace a heart;

a voltage source;

a sensor to sense voltages induced by the changing MRI electromagnetic field; and

a switching device, operatively connected to said sensor and voltage source, to operatively connect said voltage source to said implantable medical device housing in response to the sensed voltage induced by the changing MRI electromagnetic field such that said voltage source provides a voltage that is opposite to the voltage which would be induced by the changing MRI electromagnetic field in said implantable medical device electrical lead so as to reduce voltages induced by the changing MRI electromagnetic field.

60. The implantable medical device as claimed in claim 59, wherein said voltage source is a battery.

61. The implantable medical device as claimed in claim 59, wherein said voltage source is a capacitor.

62. The implantable medical device as claimed in claim 59, further comprising a variable resistor connected to said voltage source to regulate an amount of voltage being provided.

63. The implantable medical device as claimed in claim 59, wherein the changing MRI electromagnetic field is a MRI switched gradient field.

64. The implantable medical device as claimed in claim 59, wherein the changing MRI electromagnetic field is a MRI radio-frequency field.

65. An implantable medical device which reduces the effects of MRI induced signals, comprising:

a canister housing a medical device capable of providing medical treatment to a desired tissue region;

a voltage source;

a sensor to sense voltages induced by the changing MRI electromagnetic field; and

a switching device, operatively connected to said sensor and voltage source, to operatively connect said voltage source to said implantable medical device housing in response to the sensed voltage induced by the changing MRI electromagnetic field such that said voltage source provides a voltage that is opposite to the voltage which would be induced by the changing M/RI electromagnetic field in said implantable medical device so as to reduce voltages induced by the changing MRI electromagnetic field.

66. The implantable medical device as claimed in claim 65, wherein the changing MRI electromagnetic field is a MRI switched gradient field.

67. The implantable medical device as claimed in claim 65, wherein the changing MRI electromagnetic field is a MRI radio-frequency field.

68. The implantable medical device as claimed in claim 65, wherein said voltage source is a battery.

69. The implantable medical device as claimed in claim 65, wherein said voltage source is a capacitor.

70. The implantable medical device as claimed in claim 65, further comprising a variable resistor connected to said voltage source to regulate an amount of voltage being provided.