Early suppression fast response fire protection sprinkler

• US 7,730,959 B2
• Filed: 01/19/2007
• Issued: 06/08/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 05/15/1998
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Tyco Fire Products LP (Johnson Controls International plc)
• Original Assignee: Tyco Fire Products LP (Johnson Controls International plc)
• Inventors: Fischer, Michael A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Nguyen; Dinh Q
• Application Number:
  US11/624,936
• Publication Number:
  US 20070114047A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,236 Days
• Field of Search: 169/37, 169/38, 169/39, 169/40, 169/41, 169/46, 169/16, 239/208, 239/209, 239/504, 239/524, 239/525, 239/501, 239/506
• US Class Current: 169/37
• CPC Class Codes: A62C 31/02 Nozzles specially adapted for fire-extinguishing

Abstract

An early suppression fast response pendent-type fire protection sprinkler is suitable for use in accordance with one or more of NFPA 13, NFPA 231 and NFPA 231C to protect single row rack storage, double row rack storage and multiple row rack storage, the sprinkler having a K-factor of about 25 and flowing pressure of about 15 pounds per square inch. Preferably, the sprinkler has a body defining an orifice and an outlet for delivering a flow of fluid from a source, and a deflector mounted with a first surface opposed to flow of fluid from the outlet. The deflector defines at least one pair of generally opposed reentrant slots extending from the first surface through the deflector, the reentrant slots extending from slot openings at an outer peripheral edge of the deflector inwardly from the peripheral edge toward a deflector axis.

Claims

1. An early suppression fast response pendent-type fire protection sprinkler comprising:

a sprinkler body defining an orifice and an outlet for delivering a flow of fluid from a source, the sprinkler body having a K-factor of about 25;

a pair of opposed arms disposed on a plane, each of the arms having a first end extending from the body and a second end distal the body;

an apex joined to the second end of each of the arms, the apex having a first end and a second end, the second end being wider than the first end, the apex having an outer peripheral surface extending between the first and second end;

a plug that closes the outlet;

a thermally responsive element that supports the plug; and

a deflector having a central deflector axis, the deflector being coupled to the apex so that the second end of each of the pair of arms is disposed between the deflector and the outlet of the body with the apex being centrally disposed along the deflector axis and the second end of the apex adjacent the deflector, the deflector having a first surface opposed to the flow of fluid from the outlet to deflect the flow of fluid to suppress a fire in at least one of a single row rack storage, double row rack storage and multiple row rack storage having a maximum storage height of 25 feet in a storage area having a maximum ceiling height of 30 feet, with no open containers and no solid shelves, the deflector defining at least two grouping of slots disposed about the deflector axis, each of the at least two grouping of slots having at least two slots, each of the slots in each of the at least two grouping of slots extending from the first surface through the deflector, and from slot openings at an outer peripheral edge of the deflector radially inward to an innermost portion of the slot so as to define a slot length extending along a slot centerline, the slot length of the slots in one grouping varying from the slot lengths of the slots in another grouping of the at least two grouping of slots, each slot of one grouping of the at least two groupings of slots having a first width generally transverse to the slot centerline of the slot of the one grouping, each slot of another grouping of the at least two groupings of slots having a second width different than the first width and generally transverse to the slot centerline of the slot of the other grouping, at least one of the at least two grouping of slots having at least four slots disposed to one side of the plane, the other of the at least two grouping of slots having at least three slots disposed to one side of the plane, each slot of one grouping of the at least two groupings of slots having the innermost portion no further outward from the deflector axis than the peripheral surface of the apex, each slot of the other grouping of slots having the innermost portion further outward from the deflector axis than the peripheral surface of the apex, the at least two grouping of slots being disposed so that the fluid flow is distributed in a pattern such that the sprinkler has a minimum design flowing pressure of 15 pounds per square inch and provides in a test performed in accordance with the “

Ten Pan Distribution Test”

described in the Apr. 8, 1997, edition of UL 199, Standard for Automatic Sprinklers for Fire Protection Service at a flowing water rate of 100 gallons per minute, an average water density of equal to or greater than about 1.00 gallons per minute per square foot into a one foot long by one foot wide pan centered at a three foot radius from the axis.

14. The sprinkler of any one of claims 1, 2-5, and 6-13, wherein the outer peripheral edge defines a diameter of about 1.75 inches.

15. The sprinkler of any one of claims 1, 2-5, and 6-13, wherein the apex defines a curved profile in the direction of the deflector axis.

16. The sprinkler of claim 15, wherein the apex is substantially conical.

17. The sprinkler of any one of claims 1, 2-5, and 6-13, wherein the deflector includes at least one pair of slots starting radially internally of the peripheral edges and extending toward the deflector axis.

18. The sprinkler of any one of claims 1, 2-5, and 6-13, wherein the sprinkler has a hydraulic design with a hose stream allowance of about two hundred fifty gallons per minute (250 gpm) for a minimum water supply duration of one hour (1 hr.).

19. The sprinkler of any one of claims 1, 2-5, and 6-13, wherein the test, the average water density provided by the sprinkler is greater than about 1.00 gallons per minute per square foot into the one foot long by one foot wide pan.

20. The sprinkler of claim 19, wherein the test, the average water density provided by the sprinkler ranges from about 1.15 to about 1.3 gallons per minute per square foot into the one foot long by one foot wide pan.

21. The sprinkler of any one of claims 1, 2-5, and 6-13, wherein the sprinkler is adapted, upon impingement of the flow of fluid upon the deflector, to distribute the fluid over an area to be protected from a fire, the area being generally confined within a spray pattern of the sprinkler, the spray pattern comprising at least three portions defined radially from the longitudinal axis, a first of the three portions being most radially central, a second of the three portions being more radially distant, and a third of the three portions being most radially remote, all with respect to the central axis, said fluid being distributed by the sprinkler in a specific space quantity relationship in each of the three portions, wherein the first portion received the relatively greatest quantity per unit area of fluid within the spray pattern, the second portion receiving the greater quantity per unit area within the spray pattern than the third portion, and wherein the second portion is segregated into adjacent zones of different concentrations of fluid.

22. The sprinkler of any one of claims 1, 2-5, and 6-13, wherein the slots of one group of the at least two groupings of slots consists of slots of the same length.

23. The sprinkler of any one of claims 1, 2-5, and 6-13, wherein the slots of one group of the at least two groupings of slots consists of slots of different lengths.

24. The sprinkler of claim 23, wherein the slot length of at least one pair of slots in one grouping of slots is about 0.57 inches and the slot length of at least one pair of slots in another grouping of slots is about 0.32 inches.

25. The sprinkler of any one of claims 1, 2-5, and 6-13, wherein the first width ranges from about 0.08 to about 0.17 and the second width ranges from about 0.08 to about 0.20 inches.

26. The sprinkler of claim 25, wherein the first width ranges from about 0.13 to about 0.17 and the second width ranges from about 0.08 to about 0.10 inches.

27. The sprinkler of claim 26, wherein the first width is about 0.13 and the second width is about 0.10 inches.

28. The sprinkler of any one of claims 1 and 2-5, wherein at least one pair of slots in at least one of the groupings of slots has an angular spacing therebetween ranging between about 40°

to 50°

.

29. The sprinkler of claim 28, wherein the at least one pair of slots are angularly spaced about the peripheral edge at about 45°

.

30. The sprinkler of any one of claims 1, 2-5, and 6-13, wherein disposed to one side of the plane are an odd number of slots.

31. The sprinkler of any one of claims 1, 2-5, and 6-13, wherein the deflector includes a third group of slots having at least one of a third radial length different than the first and second lengths and a third width different than the first and second widths, wherein further an odd number of slots being disposed to one side of the plane.

32. The sprinkler of claim 31, wherein the odd number is seven.

33. The sprinkler of claim 31, wherein the odd number is nine.

34. The sprinkler of any one of claims 1, 2-5, and 6-13, wherein at least one of the slots is a reentrant slot.

35. The sprinkler of any one of claims 1, 2-5, and 6-13, wherein the at least two grouping of slots includes a third group of slots having at least one of a third width generally transverse to a third slot length extending perpendicular to the deflector axis, wherein the third width is different than the first or second widths or the third slot length is different from the first or second slot lengths, wherein further the third group of slots include at least one pair of opposed slots disposed in the plane.

36. The sprinkler of any one of claims 1, 2-5, and 6-13, further defining a maximum deflector-to-ceiling distance for the pendent sprinkler ranging between 14 inches to about 18 inches.

37. The sprinkler of claim 36, wherein the sprinkler is suited for installation with the deflector disposed about 18 inches below a ceiling.

38. The sprinkler of any one of claims 1, 2-5, and 6-13, wherein the deflector has a thickness measured from the first surface in the direction of fluid flow equal to or greater than about 0.06 inch.

39. The sprinkler of claim 38, wherein the thickness of the deflector ranges from about 0.06 inches to about 0.09 inches.

40. The sprinkler of any one of claims 1 and 2-5, wherein the thermally responsive element includes a strut member and a lever member.

41. The sprinkler of claim 40, wherein the thermally responsive element further comprises a fastener engaged with the element to support the strut member.

42. The sprinkler of any one of claims 1 and 2-5, wherein the thermally responsive element comprises a fusible solder alloy.

43. The sprinkler of claim 42, wherein the thermally responsive element has a temperature rating between 165°

F. (74°

C.) and 214°

F. (101°

C.).

44. The sprinkler of claim 41, wherein the thermally responsive element further comprises a threaded fastener engaged with the element to coaxially support the lever.

45. The sprinkler of any one of claims 1 and 2-5, wherein the K-factor of the body is 25.2.

46. The sprinkler of any one of claims 1, 2-5, and 6-13, wherein the at least one of a single row rack storage, double row rack storage and multiple row rack storage further includes portable storage.

47. The sprinkler of any one of claims 1, 2-5, and 6-13, wherein the at least one of a single row rack storage, double row rack storage and multiple row rack storage further includes encapsulated or non-encapsulated materials.

48. The sprinkler of any one of claims 1, 2-5, and 6-13, wherein the at least one of a single row rack storage, double row rack storage and multiple row rack storage further includes at least one of Class I, Class II, Class III and Class IV commodities.

49. The sprinkler of any one of claims 1, 2-5, and 6-13, wherein the at least one of a single row rack storage, double row rack storage and multiple row rack storage further includes at least one of roll paper and rubber tires.

2. An early suppression fast response pendent-type fire protection sprinkler comprising:

a sprinkler body defining an orifice and an outlet for delivering a flow of fluid from a source, and having a K-factor of about 25;

a pair of opposed arms disposed on a plane, each of the arms having a first end extending from the body and a second end distal the body;

an apex joined to the second end of each of the arms, the apex having a first end and a second end, the second end being wider than the first end, the apex having an outer peripheral surface extending between the first and second end;

a plug that closes the outlet of the body;

a thermally responsive element that supports the plug; and

a deflector having a central deflector axis, the deflector being coupled to the apex so that the second end of each of the arms is disposed between the deflector and the outlet of the body with the apex being centrally disposed along the deflector axis and the second end of the apex adjacent the deflector, the deflector having a first surface opposed to the flow of fluid from the outlet to deflect the flow of fluid to suppress a fire in at least one of a single row rack storage, double row rack storage and multiple row rack storage having a maximum storage height of 30 feet in a storage area having a maximum ceiling height of 35 feet, with no open containers and no solid shelves, the deflector defining at least two grouping of slots disposed about the deflector axis, each of the at least two grouping of slots having at least two slots, each of the slots in each of the at least two grouping of slots extending from the first surface through the deflector, and from slot openings at an outer peripheral edge of the deflector radially inward to an innermost portion of the slot so as to define a slot length extending along a slot centerline, the slot length of the slots in one grouping varying from the slot lengths of the slots in another grouping of the at least two grouping of slots, each slot of one grouping of the at least two groupings of slots having a first width generally transverse to the slot centerline of the slot in the one grouping, each slot of another grouping of the at least two groupings of slots having a second width different than the first width and generally transverse to the slot centerline of the slot in the other grouping, at least one of the at least two grouping of slots having at least four slots disposed to one side of the plane, the other of the at least two grouping of slots having at least three slots disposed to one side of the plane, at least one pair of slots of one grouping of the at least two groupings of slots having the innermost portion no further outward from the deflector axis than the peripheral surface of the apex, each slot of the other grouping of slots having the innermost portion further outward from the deflector axis than the peripheral surface of the apex, the at least two grouping of slots being disposed so that the fluid flow is distributed in a pattern such that the sprinkler has a minimum design flowing pressure of about 20 pounds per square inch, and provides in a test performed in accordance with the “

Ten Pan Distribution Test”

described in the Apr. 8, 1997, edition of UL 199, Standard for Automatic Sprinklers for Fire Protection Service at a flowing water rate of 100 gallons per minute, an average water density of equal to or greater than about 1.00 gallons per minute per square foot into a one foot long by one foot wide pan centered at a three foot radius from the deflector axis.

3. An early suppression fast response pendent-type fire protection sprinkler comprising:

a sprinkler body defining an orifice and an outlet for delivering a flow of fluid from a source, and having a K-factor of about 25;

a pair of opposed arms disposed on a plane, each of the pair of arms having a first end extending from the body and a second end distal the body;

an apex joined to the second end of each of the arms, the apex having a first end and a second end, the second end being wider than the first end, the apex having an outer peripheral surface extending between the first and second end;

a plug that closes the outlet of the body;

a thermally responsive element that supports the plug; and

a deflector having a central deflector axis, the deflector being coupled to the apex so that the second end of each of the arms is disposed between the deflector and the outlet of the body with the apex being centrally disposed along the deflector axis and the second end of the apex adjacent the deflector, the deflector having a first surface opposed to the flow of fluid from the outlet to deflect the flow of fluid to suppress a fire in at least one of a single row rack storage, double row rack storage and multiple row rack storage having a maximum storage height of 35 feet in a storage area having a maximum ceiling height of 40 feet, with no open containers and no solid shelves, the deflector defining at least two grouping of slots disposed about the deflector axis, each of the at least two grouping of slots having at least two slots, each of the slots in each of the at least two grouping of slots extending from the first surface through the deflector, and from slot openings at an outer peripheral edge of the deflector radially inward to an innermost portion of the slot so as to define a slot length extending along a slot centerline, the slot length of the slots in one grouping varying from the slot lengths of the slots in another grouping of the at least two grouping of slots, each slot of one grouping of the at least two groupings of slots having a first width generally transverse to the slot centerline of the slot of the one group, each slot of another grouping of the at least two groupings of slots having a second width different than the first width and generally transverse to the slot centerline of the slot of the other group, at least one of the at least two grouping of slots having at least four slots disposed to one side of the plane, the other of the at least two grouping of slots having at least three slots disposed to one side of the plane, at least one pair of slots of one grouping of the at least two groupings of slots having the innermost portion no further outward from the deflector axis than the peripheral surface of the apex, each slot of the other grouping of slots having the innermost portion further outward from the deflector axis than the peripheral surface of the apex, the at least two grouping of slots being disposed so that the fluid flow is distributed in a pattern such that the sprinkler has a minimum design flowing pressure of about 25 pounds per square inch, and provides in a test performed in accordance with the “

Ten Pan Distribution Test”

described in the Apr. 8, 1997, edition of UL 199, Standard for Automatic Sprinklers for Fire Protection Service at a flowing water rate of 100 gallons per minute, an average water density of equal to or greater than about 1.00 gallons per minute per square foot into a one foot long by one foot wide pan centered at a three foot radius from the deflector axis.

4. An early suppression fast response pendent-type fire protection sprinkler comprising:

a sprinkler body defining an orifice and an outlet for delivering a flow of fluid from a source, and having a K-factor of about 25;

a pair of opposed arms disposed on a plane, each of the arms having a first end extending from the body and a second end distal the body;

an apex joined to the second end of each of the arms, the apex having a first end and a second end, the second end being wider than the first end, the apex having an outer peripheral surface extending between the first and second end;

a plug that closes the outlet;

a thermally responsive element that supports the plug; and

a deflector having a central deflector axis, the deflector being coupled to the apex so that the second end of each of the arms is disposed between the deflector and the outlet of the body with the apex being centrally disposed along the deflector axis and the second end of the apex adjacent the deflector, the deflector having a first surface opposed to the flow of fluid from the outlet to deflect the flow of fluid to suppress a fire in at least one of a single row rack storage, double row rack storage and multiple row rack storage having a maximum storage height of 40 feet in a storage area having a maximum ceiling height of 45 feet, with no open containers and no solid shelves, the deflector defining at least two grouping of slots disposed about the deflector axis, each of the at least two grouping of slots having at least two slots, each of the slots in each of the at least two grouping of slots extending from the first surface through the deflector, and from slot openings at an outer peripheral edge of the deflector radially inward to an innermost portion of the slot so as to define a slot length extending along a slot centerline, the slot length of the slots in one grouping varying from the slot lengths of the slots in another grouping of the at least two grouping of slots, each slot of one grouping of the at least two groupings of slots having a first width generally transverse to the slot centerline of the slot of the one grouping, each slot of another grouping of the at least two groupings of slots having a second width different than the first width and generally transverse to the slot centerline of the slot of the other group of slots, at least one of the at least two grouping of slots having at least four slots disposed to one side of the plane, the other of the at least two grouping of slots having at least three slots disposed to one side of the plane, at least one pair of slots of one grouping of the at least two groupings of slots having the innermost portion no further outward from the deflector axis than the peripheral surface of the apex, each slot of the other grouping of slots having the innermost portion further outward from the deflector axis than the peripheral surface of the apex, the at least two grouping of slots being disposed so that the fluid flow is distributed in a pattern such that the sprinkler has a minimum design flowing pressure of about 40 pounds per square inch, and provides in a test performed in accordance with the “

Ten Pan Distribution Test”

described in the Apr. 8, 1997, edition of UL 199, Standard for Automatic Sprinklers for Fire Protection Service at a flowing water rate of 100 gallons per minute, an average water density of equal to or greater than about 1.00 gallons per minute per square foot into a one foot long by one foot wide pan centered at a three foot radius from the deflector axis.

5. An early suppression fast response pendent-type fire protection sprinkler comprising:

a sprinkler body defining an orifice and an outlet for delivering a flow of fluid from a source, and having a K-factor of greater than 16;

a pair of opposed arms disposed on a plane, each of the arms having a first end extending from the body and a second end distal the body;

an apex joined to the second end of each of the arms, the apex having a first end and a second end, the second end being wider than the first end, the apex having an outer peripheral surface extending between the first and second end;

a plug that closes the outlet of the body;

a thermally responsive element that supports the plug; and

a deflector having a central deflector axis, the deflector being coupled to the apex so that the second end of each of the arms is disposed between the deflector and the outlet of the body with the apex being centrally disposed along the deflector axis and the second end of the apex adjacent the deflector, the deflector having a first surface opposed to the flow of fluid from the outlet to deflect the flow of fluid to suppress a fire in at least one of a single row rack storage, double row rack storage and multiple row rack storage having a maximum storage height of 20 to 40 feet in a storage area having a maximum ceiling height of 45 feet, with no open containers and no solid shelves, the deflector defining at least two grouping of slots disposed about the deflector axis, each of the at least two grouping of slots having at least two slots, each of the slots in each of the at least two grouping of slots extending from the first surface through the deflector, and from slot openings at an outer peripheral edge of the deflector radially inward to an innermost portion of the slot so as to define a slot length extending along a slot centerline, the slot length of the slots in one grouping varying from the slot lengths of the slots in another grouping of the at least two grouping of slots, each slot of one grouping of the at least two groupings of slots having a first width generally transverse the slot centerline of the slot of the one group, each slot of another grouping of the at least two groupings of slots having a second width different than the first width and generally transverse to the slot centerline of the slot of the other group, at least one of the at least two grouping of slots having at least one radial slot disposed to one side of the plane, the other of the at least two grouping of slots having at least two radial slots disposed to one side of the plane, at least one pair of slots of one grouping of the at least two groupings of slots having the innermost portion no further outward from the deflector axis than the peripheral surface of the apex, each slot of the other grouping of slots having the innermost portion further outward from the deflector axis than the peripheral surface of the apex, the at least two grouping of slots being disposed so that the fluid flow is distributed in a pattern such that the sprinkler has a design flowing pressure of 15-50 pounds per square inch, and provides in a test performed in accordance with the “

Ten Pan Distribution Test”

described in the Apr. 8, 1997, edition of UL 199, Standard for Automatic Sprinklers for Fire Protection Service at a flowing water rate of 100 gallons per minute, an average water density of equal to or greater than about 1.00 gallons per minute per square foot into a one foot long by one foot wide pan centered at a three foot radius from the deflector axis.

6. An early suppression fast response pendent-type fire protection sprinkler comprising:

a sprinkler body defining an orifice and an outlet for delivering a flow of fluid from a source, and having a minimum design flowing pressure of about 15 pounds per square inch;

at least one frame arm disposed in a plane having a first end extending from the body and a second end distal of the body; and

means for providing ESFR protection to rack storage located beneath a ceiling having a maximum ceiling height up to about 30 feet, the rack storage being without any in rack sprinkler, solid shelves or open-top containers, the rack storage being any one of single-row, double-row and multiple-row rack, the rack storage including commodity having a maximum storage height of about 25 feet, the means including;

an apex joined to the second end of the at least one frame arm, the apex having a first end, a second end, and a peripheral surface extending between the first and second end of the apex; and

a deflector coupled to the apex so that the second end of the at least one frame arm is located between the outlet of the body and the deflector, the deflector having a first surface opposed to the outlet to deflect a flow of fluid from the outlet of the sprinkler body and an outer peripheral edge, the deflector defining a first group and a second group of slots disposed about a deflector axis, at least one of the first and second group of slots having four pairs of opposed slots, each of the slots in each of the first and second group of slots extend from the first surface through the deflector and from slot openings at an outer peripheral edge of the deflector radially inward to an innermost portion of the slot, each slot of the first group of slots having a first width generally transverse to a first radial length extending perpendicular to the deflector axis, at least one pair of opposed slots in the first group of slots each having a radial length between about 0.52 inches to about 0.62 inches, each slot of the second group of slots having a second width different than the first width and generally transverse to a second radial length extending perpendicular to the deflector axis that is different than the first radial length, at least one pair of opposed slots in the second group of slots each having their second radial length between about between 0.32 to about 0.42 inches, at least one pair of slots in the first group of slots being angularly spaced from each other in a range between about 40°

to 50°

, at least one pair of slots in the second group of slots being angularly spaced from each other in a range between about 40°

to 50°

, wherein at least two radially adjacent slots of the first group of slots define a tine therebetween, and wherein the tine further includes at least one slot of the second group of slots disposed between the at least two radially adjacent slots of the first group, at least one pair of slots in the first group of slots having their innermost portions no further outward from the deflector axis than the peripheral surface of the apex, each slot of the second group of slots having their innermost portions further outward from the deflector axis than the peripheral surface of the apex, the first and second group of slots being disposed so that the fluid flow is distributed in a pattern such that the sprinkler provides in a test performed in accordance with the “

Ten Pan Distribution Test”

described in the Apr. 8, 1997, edition of UL 199, Standard for Automatic Sprinklers for Fire Protection Service at a flowing water rate of 100 gallons per minute, an average water density of equal to or greater than about 1.00 gallons per minute per square foot into a one foot long by one foot wide pan centered at a three foot radius from the deflector axis.

7. An early suppression fast response pendent-type fire protection sprinkler comprising:

a sprinkler body defining an orifice and an outlet for delivering a flow of fluid from a source, and having a minimum design flowing pressure of about 20 pounds per square inch;

at least one frame arm disposed in a plane having a first end extending from the body and a second end distal of the body; and

means for providing ESFR protection to rack storage located beneath a ceiling having a maximum ceiling height up to about 35 feet, the rack storage being without any in rack sprinkler, solid shelves or open-top containers, the rack storage being any one of single-row, double-row and multiple-row rack, the rack storage including commodity having a maximum storage height ranging between about 25 feet and about 30 feet, the means including;

an apex joined to the second end of the at least one frame arm, the apex having a first end, a second end, and a peripheral surface extending between the first and second end of the apex; and

a deflector coupled to the apex so that the second end of the at least one frame arm is located between the outlet of the body and the deflector, the deflector having a first surface opposed to the outlet and an outer peripheral edge, the deflector defining a first group and a second group of slots disposed about a deflector axis, at least one of the first and second group of slots having four pairs of opposed slots, each of the slots in each of the first and second group of slots extend from the first surface through the deflector and from slot openings at an outer peripheral edge of the deflector radially inward to an innermost portion of the slot, each slot of the first group of slots having a first width generally transverse to a first radial length extending perpendicular to the deflector axis, at least one pair of opposed pair of slots in the first group of slots each having a radial length between about 0.52 inches to about 0.62 inches, each slot of the second group of slots having a second width different than the first width and generally transverse to a second radial length extending perpendicular to the deflector axis that is different than the first radial length, at least one pair of opposed slots in the second group of slots each having their second radial length between about between 0.32 to about 0.42 inches, at least one pair of slots in the first group of slots being angularly spaced from each other in a range between about 40°

to 50°

, at least one pair of slots in the second group of slots being angularly spaced from each other in a range between about 40°

to 50°

, wherein at least two radially adjacent slots of the first group of slots define a tine therebetween, and wherein the tine further includes at least one slot of the second group of slots disposed between the at least two radially adjacent slots of the first group, at least one pair of slots of the first group of slots having their innermost portions no further outward from the deflector axis than the peripheral surface of the apex, each slot of the second group of slots having their innermost portions further outward from the deflector axis than the peripheral surface of the apex, the first and second group of slots being disposed so that the fluid flow is distributed in a pattern such that the sprinkler provides in a test performed in accordance with the “

Ten Pan Distribution Test”

described in the Apr. 8, 1997, edition of UL 199, Standard for Automatic Sprinklers for Fire Protection Service at a flowing water rate of 100 gallons per minute, an average water density of equal to or greater than about 1.00 gallons per minute per square foot into a one foot long by one foot wide pan centered at a three foot radius from the axis.

8. An early suppression fast response pendent-type fire protection sprinkler comprising:

a sprinkler body defining an orifice and an outlet for delivering a flow of fluid from a source, and having a minimum design flowing pressure of about 25 pounds per square inch;

at least one frame arm disposed in a plane having a first end extending from the body and a second end distal of the body; and

means for providing ESFR protection to rack storage located beneath a ceiling having a maximum ceiling height up to about 40 feet, the rack storage being without any in rack sprinkler, solid shelves or open-top containers, the rack storage being any one of single-row, double-row and multiple-row rack, the rack storage including commodity having a maximum storage height ranging between about 25 feet to about 35 feet, the means including;

an apex joined to the second end of the at least one frame arm, the apex having a first end, a second end, and a peripheral surface extending between the first and second end of the apex; and

a deflector coupled to the apex so that the second end of the at least one frame arm is located between the outlet of the body and the deflector, the deflector having a first surface opposed to the outlet and an outer peripheral edge, the deflector defining a first group and a second group of slots disposed about a deflector axis, at least one of the first and second group of slots having four pairs of opposed slots, each of the slots in each of the first and second group of slots extend from the first surface through the deflector and from slot openings at an outer peripheral edge of the deflector radially inward to an innermost portion of the slot, each slot of the first group of slots having a first width generally transverse to a first radial length extending perpendicular to the deflector axis, at least one pair of opposed pair of slots in the first group of slots each having a radial length between about 0.52 inches to about 0.62 inches, each slot of the second group of slots having a second width different than the first width and generally transverse to a second radial length extending perpendicular to the deflector axis that is different than the first radial length, at least one pair of opposed slots in the second group of slots each having their second radial length between about between 0.32 to about 0.42 inches, at least one pair of slots in the first group of slots being angularly spaced from each other in a range between about 40°

to 50°

, at least one pair of slots in the second group of slots being angularly spaced from each other in a range between about 40°

to 50°

, wherein at least two radially adjacent slots of the first group of slots define a tine therebetween, and wherein the tine further includes at least one slot of the second group of slots disposed between the at least two radially adjacent slots of the first group, at least one pair of slots of the first group of slots having their innermost portions no further outward from the deflector axis than the peripheral surface of the apex, each slot of the second group of slots having their innermost portions further outward from the deflector axis than the peripheral surface of the apex, the first and second group of slots being disposed so that the fluid flow is distributed in a pattern such that the sprinkler provides in a test performed in accordance with the “

Ten Pan Distribution Test”

described in the Apr. 8, 1997, edition of UL 199, Standard for Automatic Sprinklers for Fire Protection Service at a flowing water rate of 100 gallons per minute, an average water density of equal to or greater than about 1.00 gallons per minute per square foot into a one foot long by one foot wide pan centered at a three foot radius from the deflector axis.

9. An early suppression fast response pendent-type fire protection sprinkler comprising:

a sprinkler body defining an orifice and an outlet for delivering a flow of fluid from a source, and having a minimum design flowing pressure of about 40 pounds per square inch;

at least one frame arm disposed in a plane having a first end extending from the body and a second end distal of the body; and

means for providing ESFR protection to rack storage located beneath a ceiling having a maximum ceiling height up to about 45 feet, the rack storage being without any in rack sprinkler, solid shelves or open-top containers, the rack storage being any one of single-row, double-row and multiple-row rack, the rack storage including commodity having a maximum storage height ranging between about 25 feet to about 40 feet, the means including;

an apex joined to the second end of the at least one frame arm, the apex having a first end, a second end, and a peripheral surface extending between the first and second end of the apex; and

a deflector coupled to the apex so that the second end of the at least one frame arm is located between the outlet of the body and the deflector, the deflector having a first surface opposed to the outlet and an outer peripheral edge, the deflector defining a first group and a second group of slots disposed about a deflector axis, at least one of the first and second group of slots having four pairs of opposed slots, each of the slots in each of the first and second group of slots extend from the first surface through the deflector and from slot openings at an outer peripheral edge of the deflector radially inward to an innermost portion of the slot, each slot of the first group of slots having a first width generally transverse to a first radial length extending perpendicular to the deflector axis, at least one pair of opposed pair of slots in the first group of slots each having a radial length between about 0.52 inches to about 0.62 inches, each slot of the second group of slots having a second width different than the first width and generally transverse to a second radial length extending perpendicular to the deflector axis that is different than the first radial length, at least one pair of opposed slots in the second group of slots each having their second radial length between about between 0.32 to about 0.42 inches, at least one pair of slots in the first group of slots being angularly spaced from each other in a range between about 40°

to 50°

, at least one pair of slots in the second group of slots being angularly spaced from each other in a range between about 40°

to 50°

, wherein at least two radially adjacent slots of the first group of slots define a tine therebetween, and wherein the tine further includes at least one slot of the second group of slots disposed between the at least two radially adjacent slots of the first group, at least one pair of slots of the first group of slots having their innermost portions no further outward from the deflector axis than the peripheral surface of the apex, each slot of the second group of slots having their innermost portions further outward from the deflector axis than the peripheral surface of the apex, the first and second group of slots being disposed so that the fluid flow is distributed in a pattern such that the sprinkler provides in a test performed in accordance with the “

Ten Pan Distribution Test”

described in the Apr. 8, 1997, edition of UL 199, Standard for Automatic Sprinklers for Fire Protection Service at a flowing water rate of 100 gallons per minute, an average water density of equal to or greater than about 1.00 gallons per minute per square foot into a one foot long by one foot wide pan centered at a three foot radius from the deflector axis.

10. An early suppression fast response fire protection sprinkler comprising:

a sprinkler body defining an orifice and an outlet for delivering a flow of fluid from a source, the body further defining a K-Factor of at least one of about 17, 19, 22, 25, 28 and 33;

at least one frame arm disposed in a plane having a first end extending from mount the body and a second end distal of the body; and

means for providing ESFR protection to rack storage located beneath a ceiling having a maximum ceiling height up to about 30 feet, the rack storage being without solid shelves or open-top containers, the rack storage being any one of single-row, double-row and multiple-row rack, the rack storage including commodity having a maximum storage height of about 25 feet, the means including;

an apex joined to the second end of the at least one frame arm, the apex having a first end, a second end, and a peripheral surface extending between the first and second end of the apex; and

a deflector coupled to the apex so that the second end of the at least one frame arm is located between the outlet of the body and the deflector, the deflector having a first surface opposed to the outlet and an outer peripheral edge, the deflector defining a first group of slots and a second group of slots disposed about a deflector axis, each of the first and second groups of slots having at least four pairs of opposed slots, each of the slots in each of the first and second groups of slots extending from the first surface through the deflector and from slot openings at an outer peripheral edge of the deflector radially inward to an innermost portion of the slot, each slot of the first group of slots having a first radial length extending perpendicular to the deflector axis, the first radial length ranging between about 0.52 inches to about 0.62 inches, each slot of the second group of slots having a second radial length extending perpendicular to the deflector axis that is different than the first radial length, the second radial length ranging between about between 0.32 to about 0.42 inches, the first group of slots having at least one pair of opposed slots defining a first width generally transverse to the first radial length of the at least one pair of slots in the first group, the second group of slots having at least one pair of opposed slots defining a second width generally transverse to the second radial length of the at least one pair of slots in the second group, the first group having at least three slots disposed to one side of the plane, the second group having at least four slots disposed to one side of the plane, wherein at least two radially adjacent slots of the first group of slots define a tine therebetween, wherein the tine further includes at least one slot of the second group of slots disposed between the at least two radially adjacent slots of the first group, at least one pair of slots of the first group of slots having their innermost portions no further outward from the deflector axis than the peripheral surface of the apex, each slot of the second group of slots having the innermost portion further outward from the deflector axis than the peripheral surface of the apex, the first and second group of slots being disposed so that the fluid flow is distributed in a pattern such that the sprinkler provides in a test performed in accordance with the “

Ten Pan Distribution Test”

described in the Apr. 8, 1997, edition of UL 199, Standard for Automatic Sprinklers for Fire Protection Service at a flowing water rate of 100 gallons per minute, an average water density of equal to or greater than about 1.00 gallons per minute per square foot into a one foot lone by one foot wide pan centered at a three foot radius from the deflector axis.

11. An early suppression fast response fire protection sprinkler comprising:

a sprinkler body defining an orifice and an outlet for delivering a flow of fluid from a source, the body further defining a K-Factor of at least one of about 17, 19, 22, 25, 28 and 34;

at least one frame arm disposed in a plane having a first end mount to the body and a second end distal of the body; and

means for providing ESFR protection to rack storage located beneath a ceiling having a maximum ceiling height up to about 35 feet, the rack storage being without solid shelves or open-top containers, the rack storage being any one of single-row, double-row and multiple-row rack, the rack storage including commodity having a maximum storage height ranging between about 25 feet to about 30 feet, the means including;

an apex joined to the second end of the at least one frame arm, the apex having a first end, a second end, and a peripheral surface extending between the first and second end of the apex; and

a deflector coupled to the apex so that the second of the at least one frame arm is located between the outlet of the body and the deflector, the deflector having a first surface opposed to the outlet and an outer peripheral edge, the deflector defining a first group of slots and a second group of slots disposed about a deflector axis, each of the first and second groups of slots having at least four pairs of opposed slots, each of the slots in each of the first and second groups of slots extending from the first surface through the deflector and from slot openings at an outer peripheral edge of the deflector radially inward to an innermost portion of the slot, each slot of the first group of slots having a first radial length extending perpendicular to the deflector axis, the first radial length ranging between about 0.52 inches to about 0.62 inches, each slot of the second group of slots having a second radial length extending perpendicular to the deflector axis that is different than the first radial length, the second radial length ranging between about between 0.32 to about 0.42 inches, the first group of slots having at least one pair of opposed slots defining a first width generally transverse to the first radial length of the at least one pair of slots in the first group, the second group of slots having at least one pair of opposed slots defining a second width generally transverse to the second radial length of the at least one pair of slots in the second group, the first group having at least three slots disposed to one side of the plane, the second group having at least four slots disposed to one side of the plane, wherein at least two radially adjacent slots of the first group of slots define a tine therebetween, wherein the tine further includes at least one slot of the second group of slots disposed between the at least two radially adjacent slots of the first group, at least one pair of slots of the first group of slots having their innermost portions no further outward from the deflector axis than the peripheral surface of the apex, each slot of the second group of slots having their innermost portions further outward from the deflector axis than the peripheral surface of the apex, the first and second group of slots being disposed so that the fluid flow is distributed in a pattern such that the sprinkler provides in a test performed in accordance with the “

Ten Pan Distribution Test”

described in the Apr. 8, 1997, edition of UL 199, Standard for Automatic Sprinklers for Fire Protection Service at a flowing water rate of 100 gallons per minute, an average water density of equal to or greater than about 1.00 gallons per minute per square foot into a one foot long by one foot wide pan centered at a three foot radius from the deflector axis.

12. An early suppression fast response fire protection sprinkler comprising:

a sprinkler body defining an orifice and an outlet for delivering a flow of fluid from a source, the body further defining a K-Factor of at least one of about 17, 19, 22, 25, 28 and 34;

at least one frame arm disposed in a plane having a first end extending from the body and a second end distal of the body; and

means for providing ESFR protection to rack storage located beneath a ceiling having a maximum ceiling height up to about 40 feet, the rack storage being without solid shelves or open-top containers, the rack storage being any one of single-row, double-row and multiple-row rack, the rack storage including commodity having a maximum storage height ranging from about 25 feet to about 35 feet, the means including;

an apex joined to the second end of the at least one frame arm, the apex having a first end, a second end, and a peripheral surface extending between the first and second end of the apex; and

a deflector coupled to the apex so that the second end of the at least one frame arm is located between the outlet of the body and the deflector, the deflector having a first surface opposed to the outlet and an outer peripheral edge, the deflector defining a first group of slots and a second group of slots disposed about a deflector axis, each of the first and second groups of slots having at least four pairs of opposed slots, each of the slots in each of the first and second groups of slots extending from the first surface through the deflector and from slot openings at an outer peripheral edge of the deflector radially inward to an innermost portion of the slot, each slot of the first group of slots having a first radial length extending perpendicular to the deflector axis, the first radial length ranging between about 0.52 inches to about 0.62 inches, each slot of the second group of slots having a second radial length extending perpendicular to the deflector axis that is different than the first radial length, the second radial length ranging between about between 0.32 to about 0.42 inches, the first group of slots having at least one pair of opposed slots defining a first width generally transverse to the first radial length of the at least one pair of slots in the first group, the second group of slots having at least one pair of opposed slots defining a second width generally transverse to the second radial length of the at least one pair of slots in the second group, the first group having at least three slots disposed to one side of the plane, the second group having at least four slots disposed to one side of the plane, wherein at least two radially adjacent slots of the first group of slots define a tine therebetween, wherein the tine further includes at least one slot of the second group of slots disposed between the at least two radially adjacent slots of the first group, at least one pair of the first group of slots having their innermost portions no further outward from the deflector axis than the peripheral surface of the apex, each slot of the second group of slots having their innermost portions further outward from the deflector axis than the peripheral surface of the apex, the first and second group of slots being disposed so that the fluid flow is distributed in a pattern such that the sprinkler provides in a test performed in accordance with the “

Ten Pan Distribution Test”

described in the Apr. 8, 1997, edition of UL 199, Standard for Automatic Sprinklers for Fire Protection Service at a flowing water rate of 100 gallons per minute, an average water density of equal to or greater than about 1.00 gallons per minute per square foot into a one foot long by one foot wide pan centered at a three foot radius from the deflector axis.

13. An early suppression fast response fire protection sprinkler comprising:

a sprinkler body defining an orifice and an outlet for delivering a flow of fluid from a source, the body further defining a K-Factor of at least one of about 17, 19, 22, 25, 28 and 34;

at least one frame arm disposed in a plane having a first end extending from the body and a second end distal of the body; and

means for providing ESFR protection to rack storage located beneath a ceiling having a maximum ceiling height up to about 45 feet, the rack storage being without solid shelves or open-top containers, the rack storage being any one of single-row, double-row and multiple-row rack, the rack storage including commodity having a maximum storage height ranging between about 25 feet to about 40 feet, the means including;

an apex joined to the second end of the at least one frame arm, the apex having a first end, a second end, and a peripheral surface extending between the first and second end of the apex; and

a deflector coupled to the apex so that the second end of the at least one frame arm is located between the outlet of the body and the deflector, the deflector having a first surface opposed to the outlet and an outer peripheral edge, the deflector defining a first group of slots and a second group of slots disposed about a deflector axis, each of the first and second groups of slots having at least four pairs of opposed slots, each of the slots in each of the first and second groups of slots extending from the first surface through the deflector and from slot openings at an outer peripheral edge of the deflector radially inward to an innermost portion of the slot, each slot of the first group of slots having a first radial length extending perpendicular to the deflector axis, the first radial length ranging between about 0.52 inches to about 0.62 inches, each slot of the second group of slots having a second radial length extending perpendicular to the deflector axis that is different than the first radial length, the second radial length ranging between about between 0.32 to about 0.42 inches, the first group of slots having at least one pair of opposed slots defining a first width generally transverse to the first radial length of the at least one pair of slots in the first group, the second group of slots having at least one pair of opposed slots defining a second width generally transverse to the second radial length of the at least one pair of slots in the second group, the first group having at least three slots disposed to one side of the plane, the second group having at least four slots disposed to one side of the plane, wherein at least two radially adjacent slots of the first group of slots define a tine therebetween, wherein the tine further includes at least one slot of the second group of slots disposed between the at least two radially adjacent slots of the first group, at least one pair of slots of the first group of slots having their innermost portions no further outward from the deflector axis than the peripheral surface of the apex, each slot of the second group of slots having their innermost portions further outward from the deflector axis than the peripheral surface of the apex, the first and second group of slots being disposed so that the fluid flow is distributed in a pattern such that the sprinkler provides in a test performed in accordance with the “

Ten Pan Distribution Test”

described in the Apr. 8, 1997, edition of UL 199, Standard for Automatic Sprinklers for Fire Protection Service at a flowing water rate of 100 gallons per minute, an average water density of equal to or greater than about 1.00 gallons per minute per square foot into a one foot long by one foot wide pan centered at a three foot radius from the deflector axis.

50. An early suppression fast response pendent-type fire protection sprinkler comprising:

a sprinkler body defining an orifice and an outlet along a longitudinal axis that delivers a flow of fluid from a source, the sprinkler body having a K-factor of about 25 and a base having a pair of arms disposed on a plane and diametrically mounted about the base;

a plug axially aligned and adjacent the outlet of the body;

a thermally responsive element supporting the plug to close the outlet;

an apex disposed along the longitudinal axis, each of the arms having one end joined at the body and another end joined to the apex, the apex further having a first end and a second end, the second end being wider than the first end, the apex having an outer peripheral surface extending between the first and second end defining a curved surface in the direction of the longitudinal axis;

a deflector having a central deflector axis, the deflector being affixed to the apex so as to locate the apex between the outlet and the deflector with the affixed apex being centrally disposed along the deflector axis and the second end of the apex adjacent the deflector, the deflector including a first surface opposed to the outlet, the deflector defining at least two grouping of slots disposed about the deflector axis, each of the at least two grouping of slots having at least two slots, each of the slots in each of the at least two grouping of slots extending from the first surface through the deflector and from slot openings at an outer peripheral edge of the deflector inward to an innermost portion of the slot so as to define a slot length extending along a slot centerline, the slot length of the slots in one grouping varying from the slot lengths of the slots in another grouping of the at least two grouping of slots, each slot of one grouping of the at least two groupings of slots having a first width generally transverse the slot centerline of the slot of the one group, each slot of another grouping of the at least two groupings of slots having a second width different than the first width and generally transverse to the slot centerline of the slot of the other group, at least one of the at least two grouping of slots having at least four slots disposed to one side of the plane, the other of the at least two grouping of slots having at least three radial slots disposed to one side of the plane, wherein the first surface being configured to deflect the flow of fluid to suppress a fire in at least one of a single row rack storage, double row rack storage, multiple row rack storage and portable row rack storage having a maximum storage height in a storage area having a maximum ceiling height, with no open containers and no solid shelves, the body having a minimum design flowing pressure measured in pounds per square inch for the given maximum storage height and the maximum ceiling height,

wherein when the maximum storage height is about 35 feet and the maximum ceiling height is about 40 feet, the minimum design flowing pressure being 25 pounds per square inch, or

wherein when the maximum storage height is about 40 feet and the maximum ceiling height is about 45 feet, the minimum design flowing pressure being 40 pounds per square inch, and

wherein further, at least two slots of one grouping of the at least two grouping of slots has the innermost portion no further outward from the deflector axis than the peripheral surface of the apex, each slot of the other grouping of slots has the innermost portion further outward from the deflector axis than the peripheral surface of the apex, the at least two grouping of slots being disposed so that the fluid flow is distributed in a pattern such that the sprinkler provides in a test performed in accordance with the “

Ten Pan Distribution Test”

described in the Apr. 8, 1997, edition of UL 199, Standard for Automatic Sprinklers for Fire Protection Service at a flowing water rate of 100 gallons per minute, an average water density of equal to or greater than about 1.00 gallons per minute per square foot into a one foot long by one foot wide pan centered at a three foot radius from the longitudinal axis.

78. The sprinkler of any one of claims 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 57, 58-65, and 66, wherein the test, the average water density provided by the sprinkler is greater than or equal to about 1.15 gallons per minute per square foot into the one foot long by one foot wide pan.

79. The sprinkler of claim 78, wherein the test, the average water density provided by the sprinkler is greater than or equal to about 1.3 gallons per minute per square foot into the one foot long by one foot wide pan.

51. A pendent-type of early suppression fast response (ESFR) sprinkler, comprising:

a sprinkler body having an inlet and an outlet to define an axis to deliver a flow of fluid from a source;

a pair of frame arms having a first end extending from the body and a second end distal of the body;

an apex joined to the second end of each of the arms, the apex having a first end and a second end, the second end being wider than the first end, the apex having an outer peripheral surface extending between the first and second end;

a plug that closes the outlet of the sprinkler body;

a thermally responsive element that supports the apex in the outlet; and

means for providing ESFR protection to rack storage located beneath a ceiling having a maximum ceiling height up to about 45 feet, the rack storage being without any in rack sprinkler, solid shelves or open-top containers, the rack storage being any one of single-row, double-row and multiple-row rack, the rack storage including commodity having a maximum storage height ranging between about 25 feet to about 40 feet, the means defining a minimum design pressure for the pendent ESFR sprinkler ranging from about 15 psi, to about 40 psi, the means including;

a deflector having a central deflector axis, the deflector being coupled to the apex so that the second end of each of the arms is disposed between the deflector and the outlet of the body with the apex being centrally disposed along the deflector axis and the second end of the apex adjacent the deflector, the deflector having an outer peripheral edge and a first surface opposed to the outlet to deflect a flow of fluid from the outlet of the sprinkler body, the deflector defining a first group and a second group of slots disposed about the deflector axis, at least one of the first and second group of slots having four pairs of opposed slots, each of the slots in each of the first and second group of slots extend from the first surface through the deflector and from slot openings at the outer peripheral edge of the deflector radially inward to an innermost portion of the slot so as to define a slot length extending along a slot centerline, each slot of the first group of slots having a first width generally transverse to the slot centerline, the slot length in at least one pair of opposed pair of slots in the first group of slots ranging between about 0.52 inches to about 0.62 inches, each slot of the second group of slots having a second width generally transverse to the slot centerline different than the first width the slot length in at least one pair of opposed slots in the second group of slots ranging between about between 0.32 to about 0.42 inches, at least two of the slots in the first group of slots being angularly spaced from each other between about 40°

to 50°

, and at least two of the slots in the second group of slots being angularly spaced from each other between about 40°

to 50°

, at least one pair of slots of the first group of slots having the innermost portion no further outward from the deflector axis than the peripheral surface of the apex, each slot of the second group of slots having the innermost portion further outward from the deflector axis than the peripheral surface of the apex, the first and second group of slots being disposed so that the fluid flow is distributed in a pattern such that the sprinkler provides in a test performed in accordance with the “

Ten Pan Distribution Test”

described in the Apr. 8, 1997, edition of UL 199, Standard for Automatic Sprinklers for Fire Protection Service at a flowing water rate of 100 gallons per minute, an average water density of equal to or greater than about 1.00 gallons per minute per square foot into a one foot long by one foot wide pan centered at a three foot radius from the axis of the sprinkler body.

52. A pendent-type early suppression fast response (ESFR) fire protection sprinkler, comprising:

a sprinkler body having an inlet and an outlet to define an axis to deliver a flow of fluid from a source and further defining a K-factor at least one of about 17 and 19;

a pair of frame arms disposed in a plane, the frame arms having a first end extending from the body and a second end distal of the body;

an apex joined to the second end of each of the arms, the apex having a first end and a second end, the second end being wider than the first end, the apex having an outer peripheral surface extending between the first and second end;

a plug that closes the outlet of the body;

a thermally responsive element that supports the plug in the outlet; and

means for providing ESFR protection to rack storage located beneath a ceiling having a maximum ceiling height up to about 45 feet, the rack storage being without solid shelves or open-top containers, the rack storage being any one of single-row, double-row and multiple-row rack, the rack storage including commodity having a maximum storage height ranging between about 25 feet to about 40 feet, the means including;

a deflector having a central deflector axis, the deflector being coupled to the apex so that the second end of each of the arms is disposed between the deflector and the outlet of the body with the apex being centrally disposed along the deflector axis and the second end of the element adjacent the deflector, the deflector having an outer peripheral edge and a first surface opposed to the outlet, the deflector defining a first group of slots and a second group of slots disposed about the deflector axis, each of the first and second groups of slots having at least four pairs of opposed slot, each of the slots in each of the first and second groups of slots extending from the first surface through the deflector from slot openings at the outer peripheral edge extending radially inward to an innermost portion of the slot so as to define a slot length extending along a slot centerline, the slot length of each slot of the first group of slots ranging between about 0.52 inches to about 0.62 inches, the slot length of each slot of the second group of slots ranging between about between 0.32 to about 0.42 inches, wherein at least two radially adjacent slots of the first group of slots define a tine therebetween, wherein the tine further includes at least one slot of the second group of slots disposed between the at least two radially adjacent slots of the first group, at least one pair of slots of the first group of slots having the innermost portion no further outward from the deflector axis than the peripheral surface of the apex, each slot of the second group of slots having the innermost portion further outward from the deflector axis than the peripheral surface of the apex, the first and second group of slots being disposed so that the fluid flow is distributed in a pattern such that the sprinkler provides in a test performed in accordance with the “

Ten Pan Distribution Test”

described in the Apr. 8, 1997, edition of UL 199, Standard for Automatic Sprinklers for Fire Protection Service at a flowing water rate of 100 gallons per minute, an average water density of equal to or greater than about 1.00 gallons per minute per square foot into a one foot long by one foot wide pan centered at a three foot radius from the axis of the sprinkler body.

53. A pendent early suppression fast response (ESFR) sprinkler, comprising:

a sprinkler body having an inlet and an outlet to define an axis to deliver a flow of fluid from a source and further defining a K-factor of about 25;

at least one frame arm disposed in a plane;

an apex joined to the second end of the at least one frame arm, the apex having a first end and a second end, the second end of the apex being wider than the first end of the element, the element having an outer peripheral surface extending between the first and second end; and

means for providing ESFR protection to rack storage located beneath a ceiling having a maximum ceiling height up to about 45 feet, the rack storage being without any in rack sprinkler, solid shelves or open-top containers, the rack storage being any one of single-row, double-row and multiple-row rack, the rack storage including commodity having a maximum storage height ranging between about 25 feet to about 40 feet, the means defining a minimum design pressure for the pendent ESFR sprinkler ranging from about 15 psi, to about 40 psi, the means further including;

a deflector having a central deflector axis, the deflector being coupled to the apex so that the apex is centrally disposed along the deflector axis and the second end of the apex is adjacent the deflector, the deflector having an outer peripheral edge and a first surface opposed to the outlet to deflect a flow of fluid from the outlet of the sprinkler body, the deflector defining a first group and a second group of slots disposed about the deflector axis, at least one of the first and second group of slots having four pairs of opposed slots about the plane, each of the slots in each of the first and second group of slots extend from the first surface through the deflector and from slot openings at an outer peripheral edge of the deflector radially inward to an innermost portion of the slot so as to define a slot length extending along a slot centerline, the slot lengths of the first group being different than the slot lengths of the second group, the innermost portion of at least one of the first and second groups of slots being no more radially inward than the peripheral surface of the apex, each slot of the first group of slots having a first width generally transverse to the slot centerline of the slot, the slot lengths of at least one pair of the four opposed pair of slots in the first group of slots ranging between about 0.52 inches to about 0.62 inches, each slot of the second group of slots having a second width generally transverse to the slot centerline of the slot different than the first width, the slot lengths of at least one pair of opposed slots in the second group of slots ranging between about between 0.32 to about 0.42 inches, at least one pair of the slots in the first group of slots being angularly spaced from each other ranging between about 40°

to 50°

, at least one pair of the slots in the second group of slots being angularly spaced from each other ranging between about 40°

to 50°

, at least one pair of slots of the first group of slots having the innermost portion no further outward from the deflector axis than the peripheral surface of the apex, each slot of the other group of slots having the innermost portion further outward from the deflector axis than the peripheral surface of the apex, the first and second group of slots being disposed so that the fluid flow is distributed in a pattern such that

the pendent ESFR sprinkler provides in a test performed in accordance with the “

Ten Pan Distribution Test”

described in the Apr. 8, 1997, edition of UL 199, Standard for Automatic Sprinklers for Fire Protection Service at a flowing water rate of 100 gallons per minute, an average water density of equal to or greater than about 1.00 gallons per minute per square foot into a one foot long by one foot wide pan centered at a three foot radius from the axis of the sprinkler body.

54. A pendent early suppression fast response (ESFR) sprinkler, comprising:

a sprinkler body having an inlet and an outlet to define an axis to deliver a flow of fluid from a source and further defining a K-factor of about 17;

at least one frame arm disposed in a plane;

an apex joined to the second end of the at least one frame arm, the apex having a first end and a second end, the second end of the apex being wider than the first end, the apex having an outer peripheral surface extending between the first and second end; and

means for providing ESFR protection to rack storage located beneath a ceiling having a maximum ceiling height up to about 45 feet, the rack storage being without solid shelves or open-top containers, the rack storage being any one of single-row, double-row and multiple-row rack, the rack storage including commodity having a maximum storage height ranging between about 25 feet to about 40 feet, the means further including;

a deflector having a central deflector axis, the deflector being coupled to the apex so that the apex is centrally disposed along the deflector axis and the second end of the apex is adjacent the deflector, having a first surface opposed to the outlet to deflect a flow of fluid from the outlet of the sprinkler body, the deflector including an outer peripheral edge, the deflector defining a first group of slots and a second group of slots disposed about the deflector axis, at least one of the first and second groups of slots having at least four pairs of opposed slot disposed about the plane, each of the slots in each of the first and second groups of slots extending from the first surface through the deflector and from slot openings at an outer peripheral edge of the deflector radially inward to an innermost portion of the slot so as to define a slot length extending along a slot centerline, the slot lengths of each slot of the first group of slots ranging between about 0.52 inches to about 0.62 inches, the slot lengths of each slot of the second group of slots ranging between about 0.32 to about 0.42 inches, the first group of slots having at least one pair of opposed slots defining a first width generally transverse to the slot centerline of the at least one pair of the first group, the second group of slots having at least one pair of opposed slots defining a second width different than the first width and generally transverse to the slot centerline of the at least one pair of the second group, at least one pair of slots of the first group of slots having the innermost portion no further outward from the deflector axis than the peripheral surface of the apex, each slot of the second group of slots having their innermost portion further outward from the deflector axis than the peripheral surface of the apex, the first and second group of slots being disposed so that the fluid flow is distributed in a pattern such that the pendent ESFR sprinkler provides in a test performed in accordance with the “

Ten Pan Distribution Test”

described in the Apr. 8, 1997, edition of UL 199, Standard for Automatic Sprinklers for Fire Protection Service at a flowing water rate of 100 gallons per minute, an average water density of equal to or greater than about 1.00 gallons per minute per square foot into a one foot long by one foot wide pan centered at a three foot radius from the axis of the sprinkler body.

55. An early suppression fast response pendent-type fire protection sprinkler comprising:

a sprinkler body defining an orifice and an outlet that delivers a flow of fluid from a source, the sprinkler body having a K-factor of about 25 and a minimum design flowing pressure of 15 pounds per square inch;

an apex having a first end and a second end, the second end of the apex being wider than the first end, the apex having an outer peripheral surface extending between the first and second end; and

a deflector having a central deflector axis, the deflector being mounted to the apex so that the apex is centrally disposed along the deflector axis and the second end of the apex is adjacent the deflector, the deflector being mounted with a first surface opposed to the flow of fluid from the outlet to deflect the flow of fluid to suppress a fire in at least one of a single row rack storage, double row rack storage and multiple row rack storage having a maximum storage height of 25 feet in a storage area having a maximum ceiling height of 30 feet, with no open containers and no solid shelves, the first surface defining at least two grouping of slots disposed about the deflector axis, each of the at least two grouping of slots having at least two slots, each of the slots in each of the at least two grouping of slots extending from the first surface through the deflector, and from slot openings at an outer peripheral edge of the deflector radially inward to an innermost portion of the slot so as to define a slot length extending along a slot centerline, the slot length of each grouping of slots being different than the slot length of another grouping of the at least two grouping of slots, each slot of one grouping of slots having a first width generally transverse to the slot centerline of the slot in the one grouping, each slot of another grouping of slots having a second width different than the first width and generally transverse to the slot centerline of the slot in the other grouping of slots, at least one pair of slots of one of the at least two grouping of slots having the innermost portion no further outward from the deflector axis than the peripheral surface of the apex, each slot of the other of the at least two grouping of slots having the innermost portion further outward from the deflector axis than the peripheral surface of the apex, the at least two grouping of slots being disposed so that the fluid flow is distributed in a pattern such that the sprinkler provides in a test performed in accordance with the “

Ten Pan Distribution Test”

described in the Apr. 8, 1997, edition of UL 199, Standard for Automatic Sprinklers for Fire Protection Service at a flowing water rate of 100 gallons per minute, an average water density of equal to or greater than about 1.00 gallons per minute per square foot into a one foot long by one foot wide pan centered at a three foot radius from the deflector axis.

56. An early suppression fast response pendent-type fire protection sprinkler comprising:

a sprinkler body defining an orifice and an outlet that delivers a flow of fluid from a source, the sprinkler body having a K-factor of about 25 and a minimum design flowing pressure of 20 pounds per square inch at a most hydraulically remote sprinkler;

an apex having a first end and a second end, the second end of the apex being wider than the first end, the apex having an outer peripheral surface extending between the first and second end; and

a deflector having a central deflector axis, the deflector being coupled to the apex so that the apex is centrally disposed along the deflector axis and the second end of the apex is adjacent the deflector, including a first surface opposed to the flow of fluid from the outlet to deflect the flow of fluid to suppress a fire in at least one of a single row rack storage, double row rack storage and multiple row rack storage having a maximum storage height of 30 feet in a storage area having a maximum ceiling height of 35 feet, with no open containers and no solid shelves, the first surface defining at least two grouping of slots disposed about the deflector axis, each of the at least two grouping of slots having at least two slots, each of the slots in each of the at least two grouping of slots extending from the first surface through the deflector, and from slot openings at an outer peripheral edge of the deflector radially inward to an innermost portion of the slot so as to define a slot length extending along a slot centerline, the slot length of one grouping of slots being different than the slot length of another grouping of the at least two grouping of slots, each slot of one grouping of the at least two groupings of slots having a first width generally transverse to the slot centerline of the slot in the one grouping, each slot of another grouping of the at least two groupings of slots having a second width different than the first width and generally transverse to the slot centerline, at least one pair of slots of one of the at least two grouping of slots having the innermost portion no further outward from the deflector axis than the peripheral surface of the apex, each slot of the other of the at least two grouping of slots having the innermost portion further outward from the deflector axis than the peripheral surface of the apex, the at least two grouping of slots being disposed so that the fluid flow is distributed in a pattern such that the sprinkler provides in a test performed in accordance with the “

Ten Pan Distribution Test”

described in the Apr. 8, 1997, edition of UL 199, Standard for Automatic Sprinklers for Fire Protection Service at a flowing water rate of 100 gallons per minute, an average water density of equal to or greater than about 1.00 gallons per minute per square foot into a one foot long by one foot wide pan centered at a three foot radius from the deflector axis.

57. An early suppression fast response pendent-type fire protection sprinkler comprising:

a sprinkler body defining an orifice and an outlet that delivers a flow of fluid from a source, the sprinkler body having a K-factor of about 25 and a minimum design flowing pressure of 25 pounds per square inch;

an apex having a first end and a second end, the second end of the apex being wider than the first end, the apex having an outer peripheral surface extending between the first and second end; and

a deflector having a central deflector axis, the deflector being coupled to the apex so that the apex is centrally disposed along the deflector axis and the second end of the apex is adjacent the deflector, the deflector including a first surface opposed to the flow of fluid from the outlet to deflect the flow of fluid to suppress a fire in at least one of a single row rack storage, double row rack storage and multiple row rack storage having a maximum storage height of 35 feet in a storage area having a maximum ceiling height of 40 feet, with no open containers and no solid shelves, the first surface defining at least two grouping of slots disposed about the deflector axis, each of the at least two grouping of slots having at least two slots, each of the slots in each of the at least two grouping of slots extending from the first surface through the deflector, and from slot openings at an outer peripheral edge of the deflector radially inward to an innermost portion of the slot so as to define a slot length extending along a slot centerline, the slot length of one grouping of slots being different than the slot length of another grouping of the at least two grouping of slots, each slot of one grouping of the at least two groupings of slots having a first width generally transverse to the slot centerline, each slot of another grouping of the at least two groupings of slots having a second width different than the first width and generally transverse to the slot centerline, each slot of one of the at least two grouping of slots having the innermost portion no further outward from the deflector axis than the peripheral surface of the apex, at least one pair of slots of the other of the at least two grouping of slots having the innermost portion further outward from the deflector axis than the peripheral surface of the apex, the at least two grouping of slots being disposed so that the fluid flow is distributed in a pattern such that the sprinkler provides in a test performed in accordance with the “

Ten Pan Distribution Test”

described in the Apr. 8, 1997, edition of UL 199, Standard for Automatic Sprinklers for Fire Protection Service at a flowing water rate of 100 gallons per minute, an average water density of equal to or greater than about 1.00 gallons per minute per square foot into a one foot long by one foot wide pan centered at a three foot radius from the deflector axis.

58. An early suppression fast response pendent-type fire protection sprinkler comprising:

a sprinkler body defining an orifice and an outlet along a longitudinal axis that delivers a flow of fluid from a source, and a base having a pair of arms diametrically mounted about the base, the orifice and outlet defining a K-factor of any one of about 17, 19, 22, 25, 28, and 34;

a plug axially aligned and adjacent the outlet, and a thermally responsive element supporting the plug to close the outlet;

an apex disposed along the longitudinal axis, the arms being joined at the apex, the apex having a first end and a second end, the second end of the apex being wider than the first end, the apex having an outer peripheral surface extending between the first and second end defining a curve in the direction of the longitudinal axis;

a deflector having a central deflector axis being affixed to the apex so that the apex is centrally disposed along the deflector axis and the second end of the apex is adjacent the deflector, the deflector including a first surface opposed to the flow of fluid from the outlet, the deflector defining at least two grouping of slots disposed about the deflector axis, each of the at least two grouping of slots having at least two slots, each of the slots in each of the at least two grouping of slots extending from the first surface through the deflector, and from slot openings at an outer peripheral edge of the deflector radially inward to an innermost portion of the slot so as to define a slot length extending along a slot centerline, the slot length of one grouping of slots defining a maximum first slot length the slot length of another grouping of the at least two grouping of slots defining a maximum second slot length different than the maximum first slot length, each slot of one grouping of the at least two groupings of slots having a first width generally transverse to the slot centerline of the slot in the one grouping, each slot of another grouping of the at least two groupings of slots having a second width different than the first width and generally transverse to the slot centerline of the slot of the other grouping, at least one pair of slots of one of the at least two grouping of slots having the innermost portion no further outward from the deflector axis than the peripheral surface of the apex, each slot of the other of the at least two grouping of slots having the innermost portion further outward from the deflector axis than the peripheral surface of the apex, the at least two grouping of slots being disposed so that the fluid flow is distributed in a pattern such that the sprinkler provides in a test performed in accordance with the “

Ten Pan Distribution Test”

described in the Apr. 8, 1997, edition of UL 199, Standard for Automatic Sprinklers for Fire Protection Service at a flowing water rate of 100 gallons per minute, an average water density of equal to or greater than about 1.00 gallons per minute per square foot into a one foot long by one foot wide pan centered at a three foot radius from the longitudinal axis,

wherein the first surface being configured to deflect the flow of fluid to suppress a fire in at least one of a single row rack storage, double row rack storage, multiple row rack storage and portable row rack storage having a maximum storage height in a storage area having a maximum ceiling height, with no open containers and no solid shelves, the body having a minimum design flowing pressure measured in pounds per square inch at a most hydraulically remote sprinkler for the given maximum storage height and the maximum ceiling height,

wherein when the maximum storage height is about 35 feet and the maximum ceiling height is about 40 feet, the minimum design flowing pressure being 25 pounds per square inch, or

wherein when the maximum storage height is about 40 feet and the maximum ceiling height is about 45 feet, the minimum design flowing pressure being 40 pounds per square inch.

76. The sprinkler of claim 58, wherein the at least two grouping of slots include a third group of slots.

77. The sprinkler of claim 76, wherein the third group of slots are non-radial slots.

59. An early suppression fast response pendent-type fire protection sprinkler comprising:

a sprinkler body defining an orifice and an outlet that delivers a flow of fluid from a source, the sprinkler body having a K-factor of about 22 and a minimum design flowing pressure ranging from about 40 pounds per square inch to about 50 pounds per square inch;

an apex having a first end and a second end, the second end of the apex being wider than the first end, the apex having an outer peripheral surface extending between the first and second end;

a thermally responsive assembly, having a first end supported by the apex and a second end to maintain the outlet of the sprinkler body closed, the thermally responsive assembly including a strut, a lever and element secured together by a fusible solder alloy; and

a deflector having a central deflector axis, being mounted adjacent the apex with a first inside surface and a second opposite surface, the first and second surfaces extending perpendicular to the deflector axis, the first surface being opposed to the flow of fluid from the outlet to deflect the flow of fluid to suppress a fire in at least one of a single row rack storage, double row rack storage and multiple row rack storage in a storage area having a maximum ceiling height of 30 feet, the deflector defining a plurality of slots disposed about the deflector axis, at least one of the plurality of slots extending from the first surface through the deflector, and from a slot opening at an outer peripheral edge of the deflector inwardly along a slot centerline to an innermost portion to define a slot length, at least a portion of the at least one slot having a first width and a second width each width being generally transverse to the slot centerline of the at least one slot, the first width being different than the second width such that the at least one slot tapers in a direction along the slot centerline between the peripheral edge of the deflector and the peripheral surface of the apex.

83. The sprinkler of any one of claims 59-63, 66, 80, the sprinkler providing in a test performed in accordance with the “

Ten Pan Distribution Test”

described in the Apr. 8, 1997, edition of UL 199, Standard for Automatic Sprinklers for Fire Protection Service at a flowing water rate of 100 gallons per minute, an average water density of equal to or greater than about 1.00 gallons per minute per square foot into a one foot long by one foot wide pan centered at a three foot radius from the deflector axis.

60. An early suppression fast response pendent-type fire protection sprinkler comprising:

a sprinkler body defining an orifice and an outlet that delivers a flow of fluid from a source, the sprinkler body having a K-factor of about 22 and a minimum design flowing pressure ranging from about 30 pounds per square inch to about 40 pounds per square inch;

an apex having a first end and a second end, the second end of the apex being wider than the first end, the apex having an outer peripheral surface extending between the first and second end;

a thermally responsive assembly having a first end supported by the apex and a second end to maintain the outlet of the sprinkler body closed, the thermally responsive assembly including a strut, a lever and element secured together by a fusible solder alloy; and

a deflector having a central deflector axis, being mounted adjacent the apex with a first inside surface and a second opposite surface, the first and second surfaces extending perpendicular to the deflector axis, the first surface being opposed to the flow of fluid from the outlet to deflect the flow of fluid to suppress a fire in at least one of a single row rack storage, double row rack storage and multiple row rack storage in a storage area having a maximum ceiling height of 35 feet, the deflector defining a plurality of slots disposed about the deflector axis, at least one of the plurality of slots extending from the first surface through the deflector, and from a slot opening at an outer peripheral edge of the deflector inwardly along a slot centerline to an innermost portion to define a slot length, at least a portion of the at least one slot having a first width and a second width each width being generally transverse to the slot centerline of the at least one slot, the first width being different than the second width such a portion of that the at least one slot tapers in a direction along the slot centerline between the peripheral edge of the deflector and the peripheral surface of the apex.

61. An early suppression fast response pendent-type fire protection sprinkler comprising:

a sprinkler body defining an orifice and an outlet that delivers a flow of fluid from a source, the sprinkler body having a K-factor of about 22 and a minimum design flowing pressure ranging from about 40 pounds per square inch to about 50 pounds per square inch;

an apex having a first end and a second end, the second end of the apex being wider than the first end, the apex having an outer peripheral surface extending between the first and second end;

a thermally responsive assembly having a first end supported by the apex and a second end to maintain the outlet of the sprinkler body closed, the thermally responsive assembly including a strut, a lever and element secured together by a fusible solder alloy; and

a deflector having a central deflector axis, being mounted adjacent the apex with a first inside surface and a second opposite surface, the first and second surfaces extending perpendicular to the deflector axis, the first surface being opposed to the flow of fluid from the outlet to deflect the flow of fluid to suppress a fire in at least one of a single row rack storage, double row rack storage and multiple row rack storage in a storage area having a maximum ceiling height of 40 feet, the deflector defining a plurality of slots disposed about the deflector axis, at least one of the plurality of slots extending from the first surface through the deflector, and from a slot opening at an outer peripheral edge of the deflector inwardly along a slot centerline to an innermost portion to define a slot length, at least a portion of the at least one slot having a first width and a second width each width being generally transverse to the slot centerline of the at least one slot, the first width being different than the second width such that the portion of at least one slot tapers in a direction along the slot centerline between the peripheral edge of the deflector and the peripheral surface of the apex.

62. An early suppression fast response pendent-type fire protection sprinkler comprising:

a sprinkler body defining an orifice and an outlet that delivers a flow of fluid from a source, the sprinkler body having a K-factor of about 22 and a minimum design flowing pressure ranging from about 20 pounds per square inch to about 30 pounds per square inch;

an apex having a first end and a second end, the second end of the apex being wider than the first end, the apex having an outer peripheral surface extending between the first and second end;

a thermally responsive assembly having a first end supported by the apex and a second end to maintain the outlet of the sprinkler body closed, the thermally responsive assembly including a strut, a lever and element secured together by a fusible solder alloy; and

a deflector having a central deflector axis, being mounted adjacent the apex with a first inside surface and a second opposite surface, the first and second surfaces extending perpendicular to the deflector axis, the first surface being opposed to the flow of fluid from the outlet to deflect the flow of fluid to suppress a fire in at least one of a single row rack storage, double row rack storage and multiple row rack storage in a storage area having a maximum ceiling height of 30 feet, the deflector defining a plurality of slots disposed about the deflector axis, at least one of the plurality of slots extending from the first surface through the deflector, and from a slot opening at an outer peripheral edge of the deflector inwardly along a slot centerline to an innermost portion to define a slot length extending no more radial inward than the peripheral surface of the apex, at least a portion of the at least one slot having a first width and a second width each width being generally transverse to the slot centerline of the at least one slot, the first width being different than the second width such that the at least one slot tapers in a direction along the slot centerline between the peripheral edge of the deflector and the peripheral surface of the apex.

63. An early suppression fast response pendent-type fire protection sprinkler comprising:

a sprinkler body defining an orifice and an outlet along a longitudinal axis that delivers a flow of fluid from a source, the sprinkler body having a K-factor of about 22 and a base having a pair of arms diametrically mounted about the base;

a plug axially aligned and adjacent the outlet, and a thermally responsive element supporting the plug to close the outlet;

an apex disposed along the longitudinal axis having a first end and a second end, the second end of the apex being wider than the first end, the element having an outer peripheral surface extending between the first and second end;

a thermally responsive assembly having a first end supported by the apex and a second end to maintain the outlet of the sprinkler body closed, the thermally responsive assembly including a strut, a lever and two pieces of metal secured together by a fusible solder alloy; and

a deflector having a central deflector axis, the deflector mounted adjacent the apex with a first inside surface and a second opposite surface, the first and second surfaces extending perpendicular to the deflector axis, the first surface being opposed to the flow of fluid from the outlet to deflect the flow of fluid to suppress a fire in at least one of a single row rack storage, double row rack storage and multiple row rack storage in a storage area, the deflector defining a plurality of slots disposed about the deflector axis, at least one of the plurality of slots extending from the first surface through the deflector, and from a slot opening at an outer peripheral edge of the deflector inwardly along a slot centerline to an innermost portion to define a slot length, at least a portion of the at least one slot having a first width and a second width each width being generally transverse to the slot centerline of the at least one slot, the first width being different than the second width such that the portion of the at least one slot tapers in a direction along the slot centerline between the peripheral edge of the deflector and the peripheral surface of the apex,

wherein when the storage area has a maximum ceiling height is about 40 feet, a minimum design flowing pressure for the sprinkler ranges between about forty pounds per square inch and about fifty pounds per square inch,

wherein when the storage area has a maximum ceiling height is about 45 feet, a minimum design flowing pressure for the sprinkler ranges between about forty pounds per square inch and about fifty pounds per square inch.

64. A pendent early suppression fast response (ESFR) sprinkler comprising:

a sprinkler body having an inlet and an outlet to define an axis to deliver a flow of fluid from a source and further defining a K-factor of about 17;

at least one frame arm;

an apex having a first end and a second end, the second end of the apex being wider than the first end, the apex having an outer peripheral surface extending between the first and second end; and

means for providing ESFR protection to rack storage located beneath a ceiling having a maximum ceiling height up to about 45 feet, the rack storage being without solid shelves or open-top containers, the rack storage being any one of single-row, double-row and multiple-row rack, the rack storage including commodity having a maximum storage height ranging between about 25 feet to about 40 feet, the means further including;

a deflector having a central deflector axis, being mounted adjacent the apex having a first surface opposed to the outlet to deflect a flow of fluid from the outlet of the sprinkler body, the deflector including an outer peripheral edge that defines a diameter of about 1.75 inches, the deflector defining a first group of slots and a second group of slots disposed about the deflector axis, each of the first and second groups of slots having at least four pairs of opposed slots, each of the slots in each of the first and second groups of slots extending from the first surface through the deflector and from slot openings at an outer peripheral edge of the deflector radially inward along a slot centerline to an innermost portion, each slot of the first group of slots having a first slot length extending along the slot centerline, the first slot length ranging between about 0.52 inches to about 0.62 inches, each slot of the second group of slots having a second slot length extending along the slot centerline that is different than the first slot length, at least one pair of slots of one of the first and second group of slots having the innermost portion no further outward from the deflector axis than the peripheral surface of the apex, each slot of the other group of slots having the innermost portion further outward from the deflector axis than the peripheral surface of the apex, the first and second group of slots being disposed so that the fluid flow is distributed in a pattern such that the sprinkler-provides in a test performed in accordance with the “

Ten Pan Distribution Test”

described in the Apr. 8, 1997, edition of UL 199, Standard for Automatic Sprinklers for Fire Protection Service at a flowing water rate of 100 gallons per minute, an average water density of equal to or greater than about 1.00 gallons per minute per square foot into a one foot long by one foot wide pan centered at a three foot radius from the axis of the sprinkler body.

65. An early suppression fast response (ESFR) fire protection sprinkler system, the sprinkler system comprising:

at least one pendent-type ESFR sprinkler installed beneath a ceiling having a maximum height of about 45 feet, the sprinkler providing in a test performed in accordance with the “

Ten Pan Distribution Test”

described in the Apr. 8, 1997, edition of UL 199, Standard for Automatic Sprinklers for Fire Protection Service at a flowing water rate of 100 gallons per minute, an average water density of equal to or greater than about 1.00 gallons per minute per square foot into a one foot long by one foot wide pan centered at a three foot radius from a sprinkler axis, the at least one ESFR sprinkler including;

a sprinkler body having an inlet and an outlet to define an axis to deliver a flow of fluid from a source and further defining a K-factor ranging between 14 and 30;

an apex having a first end and a second end, the second end of the apex being wider than the first end, the apex having an outer peripheral surface extending between the first and second end; and

a deflector having a central deflector axis, the deflector being mounted to the apex so that the apex is centrally disposed along the deflector axis and the second end of the apex is adjacent the deflector, the deflector including a first surface opposed to the outlet to deflect a flow of fluid from the outlet of the sprinkler body, the deflector including an arcuate outer peripheral edge, a central portion substantially aligned along the axis, a thickness and a plurality of slots, each slot including a first edge and a second edge defining a slot centerline therebetween extending radially inward, the first edge and second edge extending from the outer peripheral edge toward the central portion to define a first slot end contiguous with the outer peripheral edge and a second slot end contiguous with the first and second edges to define an innermost portion of the slot, the second slot end and the first slot end being spaced apart along the slot centerline to define a slot length, the deflector including at least one pair of radially adjacent slots having the same slot length to define a tine therebetween, wherein the tine further defines a slot centrally disposed between the at least one pair of adjacent slots, the centrally disposed slot having a slot length smaller than the slot lengths of the at least one pair of adjacent slots, each slot of the at least one pair of adjacent slots having the innermost portion no further outward from the deflector axis than the peripheral surface of the apex, each of the centrally disposed slots having the innermost portion further outward from the deflector axis than the peripheral surface of the apex;

the system further including

rack storage located beneath the at least one pendent-type ESFR sprinkler, the rack storage being without solid shelves of a commodity without solid shelves and no open-top containers, the rack storage being any one of single-row, double-row and multiple-row rack, the commodity being at least one of encapsulated Class I, II, III or IV, or unencapsulated Class I, II, III or IV and having a maximum commodity height ranging between about 20 feet and about 40 feet,

wherein the rack storage is without any in-rack sprinklers.

66. A pendent early suppression fast response (ESFR) sprinkler, comprising:

a sprinkler body having an inlet and an outlet to define an axis to deliver a flow of fluid from a source and further defining a K-factor of any one of about 17, 19, 22, 25, 28, and 34;

a pair of frame arms disposed in a plane, the frame arms having a first end extending from the body and a second end distal of the body;

an apex joined to the second end of each of the pair of arms, the apex having a first end and a second end, the second end of the apex being wider than the first end, the apex having an outer peripheral surface extending between the first and second end;

a plug that closes the outlet;

a thermally responsive element that supports the plug; and

means for providing ESFR protection to rack storage located beneath a ceiling having a maximum ceiling height up to about 45 feet, the rack storage being without solid shelves or open-top containers, the rack storage being any one of single-row, double-row and multiple-row rack, the rack storage including commodity having a maximum storage height ranging between about 25 feet to about 40 feet, the means further including;

a deflector having a central deflector axis, the deflector being mounted to the apex so that the apex is centrally disposed along the deflector axis and the second end of the apex is adjacent the deflector, the deflector coupled to the apex so that the second end of each of the arms is disposed between the deflector and the outlet of the body, the deflector having an outer peripheral edge and a first surface opposed to the outlet to deflect a flow of fluid from the outlet of the sprinkler body, the deflector defining a first group of slots and a second group of slots disposed about the deflector axis, at least one of the first and second groups of slots having at least four pairs of opposed slots, each of the slots in each of the first and second groups of slots extending from the first surface through the deflector and from slot openings at an outer peripheral edge radially inward along a slot centerline to an innermost portion to define a slot length, each slot of the first group of slots having a slot length within a first range, each slot of the second group of slots having a slot length within a second range that is different than the first range, wherein at least two radially adjacent slots of the first group of slots define a tine therebetween, wherein the tine further includes one slot of the second group of slots disposed between the at least two radially adjacent slots of the first group, at least one pair of slots of one of the first and second group of slots having the innermost portion no further outward from the deflector axis than the peripheral surface of the apex, each slot of the other of the first and second group of slots having the innermost portion further outward from the deflector axis than the peripheral surface of the apex.

67. A pendent-type early suppression fast response (ESFR) fire protection sprinkler comprising:

a sprinkler body defining an orifice and an outlet for delivering a flow of fluid from a source to suppress a fire, the sprinkler body defining a K factor of about 17, the orifice defining an orifice axis, and the outlet being disposed generally coaxial with the orifice axis;

at least one arm extending from said sprinkler body;

an apex supported by said at least one arm, with an apex axis being generally coaxial with said orifice axis; and

a deflector mounted to the apex, the deflector having a first, inside surface opposed to the flow of fluid and an opposite, second surface, and having a deflector axis generally coaxial with the orifice axis, the deflector defining at least one pair of generally opposing slots extending through the deflector, from the first, inside surface to the second, outside surface, the deflector having a thickness from the inside surface to the outside surface greater than about 0.06 inch, the deflector further having slot openings at an outer peripheral edge of the deflector, the slots extending inwardly from the peripheral edge generally toward the deflector axis along slot centerlines that extend radially outward the deflector axis, the slots having a first width transverse to the slot centerlines at a location spaced from the peripheral edge and a second width transverse to the slot centerlines at a location spaced inwardly, toward the deflector axis, relative to the peripheral edge, the second width being greater than the first width, the innermost portions of the slots extending inwardly toward the deflector axis to be no further outward from said deflector axis than an outermost surface of said apex so that said innermost portions of each of the slots extend inwardly toward the deflector axis to underlie the apex relative to the flow of fluid from the outlet of the body,

the sprinkler providing in a test performed in accordance with the “

Ten Pan Distribution Test”

described in the Apr. 8, 1997, edition of UL 199, Standard for Automatic Sprinklers for Fire Protection Service at a flowing water rate of 100 gallons per minute, an average water density of equal to or greater than about 1.00 gallons per minute per square foot into a one foot long by one foot wide pan centered at a three foot radius from the orifice axis.

68. The pendent-type fire protection sprinkler of claim 67, wherein the thickness of the deflector from the inside surface to the outside surface is equal to about 0.09 inch.

70. The pendent-type fire protection sprinkler of claim 67, wherein the sprinkler has a hydraulic design with a hose stream allowance of about two hundred fifty gallons per minute (250 gpm) for a minimum water supply duration of one hour (1 hr.).

71. The pendent-type fire protection sprinkler of claim 67, wherein the test, the average water density is equal to or greater than about 1.15 gallons per minute per square foot is delivered for collection.

72. The pendent-type fire protection sprinkler of claim 71, wherein the average water density is equal to or greater than about 1.30 gallons per minute per square foot is delivered for collection.

73. The pendent-type fire protection sprinkler of claim 67, wherein the fire protection sprinkler adapted, upon impingement of a flow of fire-retardant fluid upon the deflector, to distribute the fire-retardant fluid over an area to be protected from fire, the area being generally confined within a spray pattern of the fire protection sprinkler, the spray pattern comprising at least three portions defined radially from a central axis of the fire protection sprinkler, a first portion being most radially central, a second portion being more radially distant, and a third portion being most radially remote, all with respect to the central axis, the fire retardant fluid being distributed by the fire protection sprinkler in a specific space quantity relationship in each of the portions such that the spray pattern is specifically adapted for fire suppression, wherein the first portion receives the relatively greatest quantity per unit area of fire retardant fluid within the spray pattern, the second portion receives a greater quantity per unit of fire retardant fluid within the spray pattern than the third portion, and the second portion is segregated into adjacent zones of different concentrations of fire retardant fluid.

74. The pendent-type fire protection sprinkler of claim 67, wherein the slots comprise re-entrant slots.

75. The pendent-type fire protection sprinkler of claim 74, wherein the re-entrant slots have one of an elongated shape and pear-shape.

69. An early suppression fast response pendent-type fire protection sprinkler comprising:

a sprinkler body defining an orifice and an outlet that delivers a flow of fluid from a source, the sprinkler body having a K-factor of about 22 and a minimum design flowing pressure ranging from about 30 pounds per square inch to about 40 pounds per square inch at a most hydraulically remote sprinkler;

an apex having a first end and a second end, the second end of the apex being wider than the first end, the apex having an outer peripheral surface extending between the first and second end;

a thermally responsive assembly, the thermally responsive assembly being supported by the apex to maintain the outlet of the sprinkler body closed; and

a deflector having a central deflector axis, being mounted adjacent the apex with a first surface opposed to the flow of fluid from the outlet to deflect the flow of fluid to suppress a fire in at least one of a single row rack storage, double row rack storage and multiple row rack storage in a storage area having a maximum ceiling height of 35 feet, the deflector defining a plurality of slots disposed about the deflector axis, at least one of the plurality of slots extending from the first surface through the deflector, and from a slot opening at an outer peripheral edge of the deflector inwardly along a slot centerline to an innermost portion to define a slot length, at least a portion of the at least one slot having a first width and a second width each width being generally transverse to the slot centerline of the at least one slot, the first width being different than the second width such a portion of that the at least one slot tapers in a direction along the slot centerline between the peripheral edge of the deflector and the peripheral surface of the apex,

the sprinkler providing in a test performed in accordance with the “

Ten Pan Distribution Test”

described in the Apr. 8, 1997, edition of UL 199, Standard for Automatic Sprinklers for Fire Protection Service at a flowing water rate of 100 gallons per minute, an average water density of equal to or greater than about 1.00 gallons per minute per square foot into a one foot long by one foot wide pan centered at a three foot radius from the axis.

80. An early suppression fast response pendent-type fire protection sprinkler comprising:

a sprinkler body defining an orifice and an outlet for delivering a flow of fluid from a source, the sprinkler body defining a K factor of about 17, the orifice defining an orifice axis, and the outlet being disposed generally coaxial with the orifice axis;

a pair of frame arms disposed in a plane, the frame arms having a first end extending from the body and a second end distal of the body;

an apex supported by the frame arms, the apex having a peripheral surface and defining an apex axis generally coaxial with said orifice axis; and

a deflector mounted to the apex having a first inside surface opposed to the outlet to deflect a flow of fluid from the outlet to suppress a fire, and a second outside surface opposite the first surface facing away from the outlet to define a thickness of the deflector being greater than about 0.06 inch, the deflector defining a deflector axis generally coaxial with the orifice axis, the deflector defining a plurality of slots extending through the deflector, from the first, inside surface to the second, outside surface, each of the plurality of slots having a slot opening at an outer peripheral edge of the deflector and extending inwardly from the peripheral edge generally toward the deflector axis along slot centerlines that extend radially toward the deflector axis to an innermost portion, the plurality of slots having;

a first group of slots including at least four pairs of generally opposing slots symmetrically located around the deflector axis, each of the slots of the first group having a first width transverse to the slot centerlines in a first region of the peripheral edge and a second width transverse to the slot centerlines at a second region spaced inwardly from the peripheral edge, the second width being greater than the first width to define reentrant slots, the first width being about 0.10 inch, at least one pair of opposing slots of the first group having their innermost portions extending inwardly toward the deflector axis to underlie the apex relative to the outlet; and

a second group of slots including at least two pairs symmetrically positioned between adjacent reentrant slots, each of the first and second groups of slots having four slots disposed to one side of the plane, each of the slots of the second group having their innermost portion extend inwardly toward the deflector axis to between the peripheral surface of the apex and the peripheral edge of the deflector, each of the second group of slots having a slot width transverse to the slot centerline being different than at least one of the first and second widths of the first group of slots.

81. The sprinkler of claim 80, wherein the deflector has a thickness from the inside surface to the outside surface of about 0.09 inch.

82. The sprinkler of claim 80, wherein radially adjacent slots of the first group are angularly spaced from each other by about 40°

.