Apparatus for characterizing fiber Bragg gratings

• US 7,746,480 B2
• Filed: 12/23/2008
• Issued: 06/29/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 05/15/2004
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University (Stanford Management Co.)
• Original Assignee: Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University (Stanford Management Co.)
• Inventors: Ozcan, Aydogan, Kino, Gordon S., Digonnet, Michel J. F.
• Primary Examiner(s): Chowdhury; Tarifur
• Assistant Examiner(s): Cook; Jonathon D
• Application Number:
  US12/343,449
• Publication Number:
  US 20090207401A1
• Time in Patent Office: 553 Days
• Field of Search: 356/73.1, 356/519
• US Class Current: 356/519
• CPC Class Codes: G01M 11/3145 Details of the optoelectronics or data analysis
• CPC Class Codes: G01M 11/3172 Reflectometers detecting the back-scattered light in the frequency-domain, e.g. OFDR, FMCW, heterodyne detection
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 2006/02166 Methods of designing the gratings, i.e. calculating the structure, e.g. algorithms, numerical methods
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 6/0208 characterised by their structure, wavelength response G02B6/02114, G02B6/02171, G02B6/02195 take precedence; multiple layer cores or claddings G02B6/036, protective coverings G02B6/4429

Abstract

An apparatus characterizes at least one fiber Bragg grating. The apparatus includes a laser pulse source, an optical spectrum analyzer, and multiple optical paths. A first optical path includes a pulse stretcher and an attenuator. A second optical path optically coupled to the first optical path includes a mirror. A third optical path optically coupled to the first optical path includes a first fiber Bragg grating. A fourth optical path is optically coupled to the second optical path, the third optical path, and the optical spectrum analyzer. A fifth optical path optically coupled to the laser pulse source and the optical spectrum analyzer includes a delay line.

Claims

1. An apparatus for characterizing at least one fiber Bragg grating, the apparatus comprising:

a first optical path configured to be optically coupled to a light source and to receive at least one input light pulse from the light source, the first optical path comprising a pulse stretcher and an attenuator, wherein a first portion of the input light pulse is stretched by the pulse stretcher and is attenuated by the attenuator;

a second optical path optically coupled to the first optical path and comprising a reflective element, wherein a first portion of the stretched and attenuated light pulse from the first optical path is reflected from the reflected element;

a third optical path optically coupled to the first optical path and configured to be optically coupled to at least one fiber Bragg grating such that a second portion of the stretched and attenuated light pulse from the first optical path is reflected from the at least one fiber Bragg grating;

a fourth optical path optically coupled to the second optical path and the third optical path, the fourth optical path configured to be optically coupled to an optical spectrum analyzer and to transmit the reflected pulse from the reflective element and the reflected pulse from the at least one fiber Bragg grating to the optical spectrum analyzer; and

a fifth optical path comprising a delay line, wherein the fifth optical path is configured to be optically coupled to the light source and to the optical spectrum analyzer such that a second portion of the input light pulse propagates from the light source along the fifth optical path to the optical spectrum analyzer.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the third optical path is configured to be optically coupled to a first fiber Bragg grating, the apparatus further comprising a sixth optical path optically coupled to the first optical path and to the fourth optical path, the sixth optical path comprising a second fiber Bragg grating, wherein a third portion of the stretched and attenuated light pulse from the first optical path is reflected from the second fiber Bragg grating, the reflected pulse from the second fiber Bragg grating propagating to the optical spectrum analyzer.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the light source comprises a mode-locked laser and the at least one light pulse has a temporal width between approximately 2 picoseconds and approximately 4 picoseconds.

4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the optical spectrum analyzer has a resolution less than or equal to 10 picometers.

5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the pulse stretcher comprises a single-mode fiber optic cable which broadens the temporal width of a pulse propagating therethrough.

6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the pulse stretcher broadens the temporal width of a pulse propagating therethrough by at least a factor of approximately 2.

7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the pulse stretcher broadens the temporal width of a pulse propagating therethrough by at least a factor of approximately 5.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the attenuator is greater than approximately 20 dB.

9. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the reflective element comprises a bare fiber end.

10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the reflective element comprises a mirrored fiber end.

11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the reflective element comprises a minor, a fiber end, and a collimating lens between the minor and the fiber end.

12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one fiber Bragg grating comprises a plurality of fiber Bragg gratings.

13. An apparatus for characterizing at least one fiber grating, the apparatus comprising:

a first optical path comprising a pulse stretcher and an attenuator, wherein a first portion of an input light pulse from a light source is stretched by the pulse stretcher and is attenuated by the attenuator;

a second optical path optically coupled to the first optical path and comprising a reflective element, wherein a first portion of the stretched and attenuated light pulse from the first optical path is reflected from the reflected element;

a third optical path optically coupled to the first optical path and configured to be optically coupled to at least one fiber grating such that a second portion of the stretched and attenuated light pulse from the first optical path is reflected from the at least one fiber grating;

a fourth optical path optically coupled to the second optical path and the third optical path such that the reflected pulse from the reflective element and the reflected pulse from the at least one fiber grating propagate along the fourth optical path; and

a fifth optical path comprising a delay line, wherein a second portion of the input light pulse from the light source propagates along the fifth optical path to an analyzer.

14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the pulse stretcher comprises a single-mode fiber optic cable which broadens the temporal width of a pulse propagating therethrough.

15. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the pulse stretcher broadens the temporal width of a pulse propagating therethrough by at least a factor of approximately 2.