Electronic antenna beam steering using ancillary receivers and related methods

• US 7,747,229 B2
• Filed: 11/17/2005
• Issued: 06/29/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 11/19/2004
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: ATC Technology Corporation (FedEx Corporation)
• Original Assignee: ATC Technology Corporation (FedEx Corporation)
• Inventors: Dutta, Santanu
• Primary Examiner(s): Le; Thanh C
• Application Number:
  US11/281,078
• Publication Number:
  US 20060111056A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,685 Days
• Field of Search: 455/562.1, 455/101, 455135-138, 455/277.1, 455/277.2, 375/267, 375/347, 370/216
• US Class Current: 455/101
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 21/205 providing an omnidirectional coverage turnstile aerials H01Q21/26
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 3/24 varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/0608 Antenna selection according to transmission parameters
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/0695 using beam selection
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/0805 with single receiver and antenna switching H04B7/0822 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/082 selecting best antenna path
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/0874 using subgroups of receive antennas
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/088 using beam selection

Abstract

Communications device may include a plurality of antenna elements, an ancillary control receiver, and a primary receiver. The plurality of antenna elements may provide respective fixed beams. The ancillary control receiver may be coupled to each of the antenna elements, and the ancillary control receiver may be configured to measure a signal strength from each of the antenna elements and to select one of the antenna elements responsive to the measured signal strengths. The primary receiver may be configured to receive communications using the selected antenna element. Related methods are also discussed.

Claims

1. A communications device comprising:

a plurality of antenna elements providing respective fixed beams;

an ancillary control radio frequency (RF) receiver coupled to each of the antenna elements, the ancillary control RF receiver being configured to measure a signal strength from each of the antenna elements and to select one of the antenna elements responsive to the measured signal strengths using RF signals received at the ancillary control RF receiver from the antenna elements;

a primary RF receiver configured to receive communications using RF signals received at the primary RF receiver from the selected antenna element; and

an RF receiver switch between the primary RF receiver and the plurality of antenna elements, the RF receiver switch being configured to couple the selected antenna element to the primary RF receiver and to decouple non-selected antenna elements from the primary RF receiver.

2. A communications device according to claim 1 wherein the plurality of antenna elements comprises n antenna elements with n>

1, wherein the ancillary control RF receiver is configured to select a single one of the n antenna elements, wherein the RF receiver switch is configured to decouple n−

1 non-selected antenna elements from the primary RF receiver.

3. A communications device according to claim 1 further comprising:

a radio frequency (RF) transmitter configured to transmit communications using at least one of the antenna elements.

4. A communications device according to claim 3 wherein the radio frequency (RF) transmitter is configured to transmit the communications using the selected antenna element.

5. A communications device according to claim 4 further comprising:

an RF transmitter switch coupled between the radio frequency (RF) transmitter and the plurality of antenna elements, the RF transmitter switch being configured to couple the selected antenna element to the radio frequency (RF) transmitter and to decouple non-selected antenna elements from the radio frequency (RF) transmitter.

6. A communications device according to claim 5 wherein the primary RF receiver and the RF transmitter are provided in an RF transceiver.

7. A communications device according to claim 1 wherein the ancillary control RF receiver comprises a single channel RF receiver.

8. A communications device according to claim 1 wherein the ancillary control radio frequency (RF) receiver is separate from the primary radio frequency (RF) receiver.

9. A communication device according to claim 1 wherein the ancillary control RF receiver operates asynchronously with respect to the primary RF receiver so that the ancillary control RF receiver and the primary RF receiver operate at a same tuned frequency or at different tuned frequencies.

10. A communications device according to claim 1 wherein the primary RF receiver receives the communications in accordance with a code division multiple access (CDMA) wireless interface.

11. A communications device according to claim 10 wherein the code divisional multiple access wireless interface comprises a CDMA 1x wireless interface.

12. A communications device according to claim 1 wherein the plurality of antenna elements comprise a respective plurality of patch antenna elements with different ones of the patch antenna elements pointing in different azimuthal directions.

13. A communications device according to claim 12 wherein the plurality of patch antenna elements are provided on a solid structure.

14. A communications device according to claim 13 wherein the solid structure comprises a pyramid.

15. A communications device according to claim 1 wherein the antenna elements are configured such that the fixed beams thereof provide 360 degrees of coverage.

16. A communications device according to claim 1 wherein the primary RF receiver is configured to receive communications from at least one satellite and/or at least one terrestrial base station.

17. A communications device according to claim 1 further comprising:

an RF receiver switch between the primary RF receiver and the plurality of antenna elements, the RF receiver switch being configured to couple a plurality of n selected antenna elements (with n>

1) to the primary RF receiver, the primary RF receiver being configured to combine signals from the plurality of n selected antenna elements to provide diversity reception, and the RF switch being configured to decouple non-selected antenna elements from the primary RF receiver while coupling the plurality of n selected antenna elements to the primary RF receiver.

18. A communications system according to claim 17 wherein the ancillary control RF receiver generates a list of the antenna elements ordered according to the measured signal strengths, and wherein the plurality of n selected antenna elements are selected according to the ordered list.

19. A communications system according to claim 18 wherein the list of the antenna elements is ordered according to averages of signal qualities from each of the antenna elements.

20. A communications system according to claim 19 wherein the averages of signal qualities are determined by recursive digital filtering.

21. A communications system according to claim 19 wherein the averages of signal qualities are determined by non-recursive, block filtering.

22. A communications device according to claim 1 wherein the ancillary control RF receiver is configured to sequentially measure a signal strength from each of the antenna elements.

23. A communications device according to claim 1 wherein the primary RF receiver is configured to receive communications using the selected antenna element at the same time that the ancillary control RF receiver measures a signal strength from at least one of the antenna elements.

24. A communications device according to claim 1 wherein the ancillary control RF receiver is configured to measure signal strength using a first tuned frequency and wherein the primary RF receiver is configured to receive communications using a second tuned frequency different than the first tuned frequency.

25. A communications device according to claim 1 wherein the ancillary control RF receiver is configured to measure signal strength using a control channel.

26. A communications device according to claim 1 wherein the ancillary control RF receiver is configured to measure signal strength using a pilot channel having no data modulation.

27. A communications device according to claim 1 wherein a frequency of the RF signals received at the ancillary control RF receiver is unchanged relative to a frequency of respective RF signals at the antennal elements, and wherein a frequency of the RF signals received at the primary RF receiver is unchanged relative to a frequency of respective RF signals received at the selected antenna element.

28. A method of providing radio communications in a system including a plurality of antenna elements providing respective fixed beams, the method comprising:

measuring a signal strength from each of the plurality of antenna elements using an ancillary control radio frequency (RF) receiver receiving RF signals at the ancillary control RF receiver from the antenna elements;

selecting one of the antenna elements responsive to the measured signal strengths;

receiving communications using the selected antenna element and a primary RF receiver using RF signals received at the primary RF receiver from the selected antenna element;

coupling the selected antenna element through a radio frequency (RF) switch to the primary RF receiver, wherein the radio frequency (RF) switch is between the primary RF receiver and the plurality of antenna elements; and

decoupling non-selected antenna elements from the primary RF receiver at the radio frequency (RF) switch.

29. A method according to claim 28 wherein the plurality of antenna elements comprises n antenna elements with n>

1, wherein selecting one of the antenna elements comprises selecting a single one of the n antenna elements, and wherein decoupling non-selected antenna elements comprises decoupling n−

1 non-selected antenna elements from the primary RF receiver.

30. A method according to claim 28 further comprising:

transmitting communications from a radio frequency (RF) transmitter using at least one of the antenna elements.

31. A method according to claim 30 wherein transmitting communications comprises transmitting the communications from the radio frequency (RF) transmitter through a radio frequency (RF) switch and the selected antenna element wherein the radio frequency (RF) switch is coupled between the radio frequency (RF) transmitter and the plurality of antenna elements.

32. A method according to claim 31 wherein transmitting the communications comprises coupling the selected antenna element to the radio frequency (RF) transmitter and decoupling non-selected antenna elements from the RF transmitter.

33. A method according to claim 28 wherein the ancillary control RF receiver comprises a single channel RF receiver.

34. A method according to claim 28 wherein the ancillary control radio frequency (RF) receiver is separate from the primary radio frequency (RF) receiver.

35. A method according to claim 28 wherein measuring the signal strength using the ancillary control RF receiver is performed asynchronously with respect to receiving communications using the selected antenna element and the primary RF receiver so that the ancillary control RF receiver and the primary RF receiver operate at a same tuned frequency or at different tuned frequencies.

36. A method according to claim 28 wherein receiving communications using the selected antenna element comprises receiving communications in accordance with a code division multiple access (CDMA) wireless interface.

37. A method according to claim 36 wherein the code divisional multiple access wireless interface comprises a CDMA 1x wireless interface.

38. A method according to claim 28 wherein the plurality of antenna elements comprise a respective plurality of patch antenna elements with different ones of the patch antenna elements pointing in different azimuthal directions.

39. A method according to claim 38 wherein the plurality of patch antenna elements are provided on a solid structure.

40. A method according to claim 39 wherein the solid structure comprises a pyramid.

41. A method according to claim 28 wherein the antenna elements are configured such that the fixed beams thereof provide 360 degrees of coverage.

42. A method according to claim 28 wherein receiving communications using the selected antenna element comprises receiving communications from at least one satellite and/or at least one terrestrial base station.

43. A method according to claim 28 wherein selecting one of the antenna elements responsive to the measured signal strengths comprises selecting a plurality of n antenna elements (with n>

1), and wherein receiving communications using the selected antenna element comprises combining signals from the plurality of n selected antenna elements to provide diversity reception.

44. A method according to claim 43 wherein selecting one of the antenna elements further comprises generating a list of the antenna elements ordered according to the measured signal strengths, and selecting the plurality of n selected antenna elements according to the ordered list.

45. A method according to claim 44 wherein the list of the antenna elements is ordered according to averages of signal qualities from each of the antenna elements.

46. A method according to claim 45 wherein the averages of signal qualities are determined by recursive digital filtering.

47. A method according to claim 45 wherein the averages of signal qualities are determined by non-recursive, block filtering.

48. A method according to claim 28 wherein measuring a signal strength comprises sequentially measuring a signal strength from each of the antenna elements.

49. A method according to claim 28 receiving communications comprises receiving communications using the selected antenna element at the same time as measuring a signal strength from at least one of the antenna elements.

50. A method according to claim 28 wherein measuring signal strength comprises measuring signal strength using a first tuned frequency and wherein receiving communications comprises receiving communications using a second tuned frequency different than the first tuned frequency.

51. A method according to claim 28 wherein measuring signal strength comprises measuring signal strength using a control channel.

52. A method according to claim 28 wherein measuring signal strength comprises measuring signal strength using a pilot channel having no data modulation.

53. A method according to claim 28 wherein a frequency of the RF signals received at the ancillary control RF receiver is unchanged relative to a frequency of respective RF signals at the antennal elements, and wherein a frequency of the RF signals received at the primary RF receiver is unchanged relative to a frequency of respective RF signals received at the selected antenna element.