Determining positional information

• US 7,750,841 B2
• Filed: 11/03/2004
• Issued: 07/06/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 11/03/2003
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Cambridge Solutions Limited (DXC Technology Company)
• Original Assignee: Cambridge Solutions Limited (DXC Technology Company)
• Inventors: Oswald, Gordon Kenneth Andrew, Phillips, Desmond Keith, Utsi, Vincent Arne, Bell, Charles Peter, Burchett, Michael Hugh, Del Mistro, Mario, Russ, Nicholas Simon, Geoghegan, Alexandra Joanna
• Primary Examiner(s): Sotomayor; John B
• Application Number:
  US10/577,941
• Publication Number:
  US 20080204322A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,071 Days
• Field of Search: 342/118, 342125-128, 342133-135, 342/139, 342/140, 342145-147
• US Class Current: 342/147
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/0209 Systems with very large relative bandwidth, i.e. larger than 10 %, e.g. baseband, pulse, carrier-free, ultrawideband
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/765 with exchange of information between interrogator and responder
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/878 Combination of several spaced transmitters or receivers of known location for determining the position of a transponder or a reflector G01S13/874 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/888 through wall detection
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 13/931 of land vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 2013/9329 cooperating with reflectors or transponders
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 5/04 Position of source determined by a plurality of spaced direction-finders

Abstract

Apparatus for determining positional information relating to an object, comprising: means for receiving, comprising a plurality of receiving elements; detection means for detecting signals received at the receiving elements and for generating output signals representative of the received signals; and processing means operable to apply, for each receiving element, a process to the output signal generated from the signal received at that receiving element separately from any output signal generated from a signal received at any other receiving element, so as to obtain a respective value of a parameter representative of the signal received at that receiving element, the processing means being further operable to compare the values of the parameter thus obtained so as to, obtain positional information relating to the object.

Claims

1. Apparatus for determining positional information relating to an object, incorporating a transmitter, the apparatus comprising:

a receiver configured to receive signals transmitted by the incorporated transmitter, said receiver comprising a plurality of receiving elements in a single housing or on a common substrate;

a detector for detecting a signal, received at each receiving element; and

a processor operable to apply, for each receiving element, a process to the detected signal so as to obtain a respective value of a parameter representative of the time the detected signal was received at that receiving element, the processor being further operable to compare the values of the parameter thus obtained so as to obtain angular positional information relating to the object.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the parameter comprises one of phase and time.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the process applied by the processor comprises a process which is dependent upon a characteristic, or an expected characteristic, of the signal.

4. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the characteristic, or expected characteristic, comprises at least one of frequency, phase, bandwidth, and pulse width.

5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the process applied by the processor comprises a process which is dependent upon the distance, or the expected distance, of the object from the receiver.

6. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a selector adapted to select the process applied by the processor from a plurality of possible processes.

7. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein:

the apparatus further comprises memory for storing a plurality of sets of process data; and

the selector is adapted to select one set of process data from the plurality of sets of process data, thereby to select the process applied by the processor.

8. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising means for changing the process applied by the processor in dependence upon one or both of at least one previously obtained value of the parameter and previously obtained positional information relating to the object.

9. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the process comprises a matched filter.

10. The apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the process comprises applying a filter to the detected signal at a plurality of different time offsets and selecting a time offset in dependence upon the outputs from the filter.

11. The apparatus according to claim 9, further comprising a matched filter generator for generating the matched filter in dependence upon the shape of the at least one time varying signal.

12. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the matched filter generator is adapted to fit the shape of the at least one time varying signal, or the envelope of the at least one time varying signal to a function.

13. The apparatus according to claim 9, comprising a matched filter generator for generating the matched filter in dependence upon the shape of the envelope of the at least one time varying signal.

14. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the matched filter generator is adapted to fit the shape of the at least one time varying signal, or the envelope of the at least one time varying signal, to a quadratic function.

15. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the operation of the processor comprises application of a matched filter to detect the interval between signals received by a plurality of the receiving elements, whereby to determine an angular position of the object.

16. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the receiver and detector are adapted to receive and detect a signal having a bandwidth greater than 5%, 10% or 20% of its frequency.

17. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each signal has a characteristic frequency of between 0.5 GHz and 24 GHz.

18. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the signals comprise pulsed signals.

19. The apparatus according to claim 18, wherein each pulsed signal comprises at least five cycles.

20. The apparatus according to claim 18, wherein each pulsed signal has a pulse length of greater than 2 ns.

21. The apparatus according to claim 18, wherein the signals comprise a pulse train having a characteristic repetition frequency of between 2 MHz and 20 MHz.

22. The apparatus according to claim 18, wherein each pulsed signal comprises at least 10, 20, 50, 100 or 500 cycles.

23. The apparatus according to claim 18, wherein each pulsed signal has a pulse length of greater than at least one of 5 ns, 10 ns, 20 ns, and 50 ns.

24. The apparatus according to claim 18, wherein the signals comprise a pulse train having a characteristic repetition frequency of between 5 MHz and 15 MHz.

25. The apparatus according to claim 18, wherein the signals comprise a pulse train having a characteristic repetition frequency of between 10.5 MHz and 13.5 MHz.

26. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the positional information comprises an angular position of the object.

27. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a transmitter for transmitting a probe signal towards the object, and wherein the receiver is adapted to receive a reflection of the probe signal from the object.

28. The apparatus according to claim 27, wherein the transmitter is adapted to transmit a different signal to the signal transmitted by the transmitter associated with the object.

29. The apparatus according to claim 27, further comprising an encoder for encoding the probe signal, whereby it can be distinguished from the signal received from the object.

30. The apparatus according to claim 27, further comprising a circuit for determining the positional information of an object irradiated by the probe signal.

31. The apparatus according to claim 30, further comprising a comparator for comparing the positional information of the irradiated object to positional information relating to at least one known object, whereby anomalous objects can be identified.

32. The apparatus according to claim 31, further comprising an alert signal generator for generating an alert signal in dependence on the result of the comparison.

33. The apparatus according to claim 31, wherein the or each object includes or comprises an object incorporating a transmitter.

34. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the signals transmitted by the transmitter associated with the object comprise Ultra Wide Band (UWB) signals.

35. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each signal has a characteristic frequency of between 2 GHz and 12 GHz.

36. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each signal has a characteristic frequency of between 5.8 GHz and 7.2 GHz.

37. A method of determining positional information relating to an object incorporating a transmitter, the method comprising:

receiving signals transmitted by the incorporated transmitter at a receiver comprising a plurality of receiving elements in a single housing or on a common substrate;

detecting a signal, received at each receiving element; and

applying, for each receiving element, a process to the detected signal so as to obtain a respective value of a parameter representative of the time the signal was received at the receiving element, the applied process being further operable to compare values of the parameter thus obtained so as to obtain angular positional information relating to the object.

38. Apparatus for determining positional information relating to an object incorporating a transmitter, the apparatus comprising:

means for receiving signals transmitted by the incorporated transmitter said receiving means comprising a plurality of receiving elements in a single housing or on a common substrate;

detection means for detecting a signal, received at each receiving element; and

processing means operable to apply, for each receiving element, a process to the detected signal so as to obtain a respective value of a parameter representative of the time the signal was received at that receiving element, the processor being further operable to compare the values of the parameter thus obtained so as to obtain angular positional information relating to the object.