White-light spectral biometric sensors

• US 7,751,594 B2
• Filed: 07/19/2006
• Issued: 07/06/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 04/04/2003
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: HID Global Corporation (Assa Abloy AB)
• Original Assignee: Lumidigm Incorporated (Assa Abloy AB)
• Inventors: Martin, Ryan, Doucet, Todd, Rowe, Robert K., Corcoran, Stephen P., Nixon, Kristin A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Strege; John B
• Application Number:
  US11/458,607
• Publication Number:
  US 20070030475A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,448 Days
• Field of Search: 382/115, 382/124, 340/5.53, 340/5.83
• US Class Current: 382/115
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14532 for measuring glucose, e.g. by tissue impedance measurement
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14546 for measuring analytes not otherwise provided for, e.g. ions, cytochromes
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14552 Details of sensors specially adapted therefor
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14558 by polarisation
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7264 Classification of physiological signals or data, e.g. using neural networks, statistical classifiers, expert systems or fuzzy systems neural networks per se G06N3/00; expert systems per se G06N5/00
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 28/06 responsive to incapacity of driver
• CPC Class Codes: B60R 25/25 using biometry
• CPC Class Codes: B60R 25/252 Fingerprint recognition
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2540/22 Psychological state; Stress level or workload
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2540/221 Physiology, e.g. weight, heartbeat, health or special needs
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2540/24 Drug level, e.g. alcohol
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 10/143 Sensing or illuminating at different wavelengths
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 40/1312 direct reading, e.g. contactless acquisition
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 40/1324 by using geometrical optics, e.g. using prisms G06V40/1312 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G06V 40/1341 Sensing with light passing through the finger

Abstract

Methods and systems are provided for performing a biometric function. A purported skin site of an individual is illuminated with white light. Light scattered from the purported skin site is received with a color imager on which the received light is incident. Spatially distributed images of the purported skin site are derived and correspond to different volumes of illuminated tissue of the individual. The images are analyzed to perform the biometric function.

Claims

1. A biometric sensor comprising:

a white-light illumination subsystem disposed to illuminate a purported skin site of an individual with white light;

a detection subsystem disposed to receive light scattered from the purported skin site and comprising a color imager on which the received light is incident; and

a computational unit interfaced with the detection subsystem and having;

instructions for deriving a plurality of spatially distributed images of the purported skin site from the received light with the color imager, the plurality of spatially distributed images corresponding to different volumes of illuminated tissue of the individual; and

instructions for analyzing the plurality of spatially distributed images to perform a biometric function.

2. The biometric sensor recited in claim 1 wherein the biometric function comprises an antispoofing function and the instructions for analyzing the plurality of spatially distributed images comprise instructions for determining whether the purported skin site comprises living tissue.

3. The biometric sensor recited in claim 1 wherein the instructions for analyzing the plurality of spatially distributed images to perform the biometric function comprise instructions for analyzing the plurality of spatially distributed images to estimate a demographic or anthropometric characteristic of the individual.

4. The biometric sensor recited in claim 1 wherein the instructions for analyzing the plurality of spatially distributed images to perform the biometric function comprise instructions for analyzing the plurality of spatially distributed images to determine a concentration of an analyte in blood of the individual.

5. The biometric sensor recited in claim 1 further comprising a platen in contact with the purported skin site, wherein the white-light illumination subsystem is adapted to illuminate the purported skin site through the platen.

6. The biometric sensor recited in claim 1 wherein the white-light illumination subsystem is adapted to illuminate the purported skin site when the purported skin site is not in physical contact with the biometric sensor.

7. The biometric sensor recited in claim 1 wherein the white-light illumination subsystem comprises a broadband source of white light.

8. The biometric sensor recited in claim 1 wherein the white-light illumination subsystem comprises a plurality of narrow-band light sources and an optical arrangement to combine light provided by the plurality narrow-band light sources.

9. The biometric sensor recited in claim 8 wherein the plurality of narrow-band light sources provide light at wavelengths corresponding to each of a set of primary colors.

10. The biometric sensor recited in claim 1 wherein:

the illumination subsystem comprises a first polarizer disposed to polarize the white light;

the detection system comprises a second polarizer disposed to encounter the received light; and

the first and second polarizers are crossed relative to each other.

11. The biometric sensor recited in claim 1 wherein the detection system comprises an infrared filter disposed to encounter the received light before the received light is incident on the color imager.

12. The biometric sensor recited in claim 1 wherein:

the purported skin site is a volar surface of a finger or hand;

the biometric function comprises a biometric identification; and

the instructions for analyzing the plurality of spatially distributed images comprise;

instructions for deriving a surface fingerprint or palmprint image of the purported skin site from the plurality of spatially distributed images; and

instructions for comparing the surface fingerprint or palmprint image with a database of fingerprint or palmprint images to identify the individual.

13. The biometric sensor recited in claim 1 wherein:

the biometric function comprises a biometric identification; and

the instructions for analyzing the plurality of spatially distributed images comprise instructions for comparing the plurality of spatially distributed images with a database of multispectral images to identify the individual.

14. The biometric sensor recited in claim 1 wherein:

the illumination subsystem is adapted to illuminate the purported skin site in an illumination region; and

the purported skin site and illumination region are in relative motion.

15. A method of performing a biometric function, the method comprising:

illuminating a purported skin site of an individual with white light;

receiving light scattered from the purported skin site with a color imager on which the received light is incident;

deriving a plurality of spatially distributed images of the purported skin site from the received light with the color imager, the plurality of spatially distributed images corresponding to different volumes of illuminated tissue of the individual; and

analyzing the plurality of spatially distributed images to perform the biometric function.

16. The method recited in claim 15 wherein the biometric function comprises an antispoofing function and analyzing the plurality of spatially distributed images comprises determining whether the purported skin site comprises living tissue.

17. The method recited in claim 15 wherein analyzing the plurality of spatially distributed images comprises analyzing the plurality of spatially distributed images to estimate a demographic or anthropometric characteristic of the individual.

18. The method recited in claim 15 wherein analyzing the plurality of spatially distributed images to perform the biometric function comprises analyzing the plurality of spatially distributed images to determine a concentration of an analyte in blood of the individual.

19. The method recited in claim 15 wherein illuminating the purported skin site comprises directing the white light through a platen in contact with the purported skin site.

20. The method recited in claim 15 wherein illuminating the purported skin site of the individual with white light comprises illuminating the purported skin site of the individual with a broadband source of white light.

21. The method recited in claim 15 wherein illuminating the purported skin site of the individual with white light comprises:

generating a plurality of narrow-band beams of light with a plurality of narrow-band light sources; and

combining the plurality of narrow-band beams of light.

22. The method recited in claim 21 wherein the plurality of narrow-band beams of light have wavelengths corresponding a set of primary colors.

23. The method recited in claim 15 wherein:

illuminating the purported skin site comprises polarizing the white light with a first polarization; and

receiving light scattered from the purported skin site comprises polarizing the receiving light with a second polarization,

wherein the first and second polarizations are substantially crossed relative to each other.

24. The method recited in claim 15 wherein receiving light scattered from the purported skin site comprises filtering the received light at infrared wavelengths before the received light is incident on the color imager.

25. The method recited in claim 15 wherein:

the purported skin site is a volar surface of a finger or hand;

the biometric function comprises a biometric identification; and

analyzing the plurality of spatially distributed images comprises;

deriving a surface fingerprint or palmprint image of the purported skin site from the plurality of spatially distributed images; and

comparing the surface fingerprint or palmprint image with a data base of fingerprint or palmprint images to identify the individual.

26. The method recited in claim 15 wherein:

the biometric function comprises a biometric identification; and

analyzing the plurality of spatially distributed images comprises comparing the plurality of spatially distributed images with a database of multispectral images to identify the individual.

27. The method recited in claim 15 wherein:

illuminating the purported skin site of an individual with white light is performed in an illumination region; and

the purported skin site and illumination region are in relative motion.