On-the-fly state synchronization in a distributed system

• US 7,791,741 B2
• Filed: 04/08/2005
• Issued: 09/07/2010
• Est. Priority Date: 04/08/2005
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Paradise IP LLC (IP Edge LLC)
• Original Assignee: Palo Alto Research Center, Inc. (Xerox Holdings Corp.)
• Inventors: Crawford, Lara S., Hindi, Haitham A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Tran; Douglas Q
• Application Number:
  US11/102,332
• Publication Number:
  US 20060235547A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,978 Days
• Field of Search: 358/1.1, 358/1.2, 358/1.4, 358/1.13, 358/1.14, 358/1.15, 358/1.18, 358/403, 358/409, 358/410, 358/411, 358/426.02
• US Class Current: 358/1.1
• CPC Class Codes: G03G 15/50 Machine control of apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern, e.g. regulating differents parts of the machine, multimode copiers, microprocessor control sequencing control G03G21/14

Abstract

A new process is synchronized to an existing process in the face of a communications delay (d) by collecting a history of delayed measurements and states of the existing process. This history and predetermined information regarding the behavior of the existing process are used to simulate the existing process forward in time to a current time, thereby computing a current process state. Once the current state is computed, the new process, driven by the same information, maintains synchronization with the existing process. In a document processor the method of synchronizing can be applied to tightly coupled modules. For example, a print media transport system includes a plurality of transport modules. Each transport module includes a plurality of transport actuators and an associated controller. Print media may be driven by actuators of plural modules contemporaneously. Modules about to receive media are synchronized to modules already transporting the media.

Claims

1. A method for synchronizing a second process to a first process, wherein state data regarding input to and output of a model of the first process is available to the second process after a delay period, the method comprising:

beginning a data collection period;

receiving delayed state data points regarding the input to and output of the model by a controller of the second process;

storing the delayed state data points received during the data collection period;

ending the data collection period after receiving and storing delayed state data that represents the state of the input to and output of the model at a point in time after the beginning of the data collection period;

determining a current state of the model of the process based on at least some of the stored state data points and predetermined information regarding a behavior of the state of the model; and

setting a current state of the second process according to the determined current state of the model, thereby synchronizing the second process to the first process.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein receiving delayed state data points regarding the input to and output of the model comprises:

receiving delayed model output information that was used as an input to the model for determining a next state of the model.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein determining a current state of the model comprises:

initializing a copy of the model with a portion of the stored information that represents input to the model at a first point in time after the beginning of, and before the end of, the data collection period; and

forward propagating the copy of the model based on at least one calculated next state of the model.

4. The method of claim 3 wherein forward propagating the copy of the model further comprises:

forward propagating the copy of the model based on additional portions of the stored information that represent input to the model at points in time after the first point in time.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein determining the current state of the model comprises:

calculating a past state of the model based on a first portion of the stored information and the predetermined information regarding the behavior of the model; and

calculating the current state of the first process based on the calculated past state and a second portion of the stored information.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein receiving delayed state information comprises:

receiving delayed sensor information used as input to the model.

7. The method of claim 1 wherein receiving delayed state information comprises:

receiving delayed output information from the model.

8. The method of claim 6 wherein receiving delayed sensor information comprises:

receiving delayed sheet position information from a sensor of a sheet handling system.

9. The method of claim 7 wherein receiving delayed state information comprises:

receiving delayed sheet state output information from a model of a sheet handling process.

10. A method for synchronizing a second sheet transportation process to a first sheet transportation process, wherein state data regarding input to, and output of, a model of the first sheet transportation process is available to the second sheet transportation process after a delay period, the method comprising:

beginning a data collection period;

determining a data collection state count to be a number of state times having a total duration at least as long as the delay period;

receiving delayed state data points regarding the input to and output of the model, wherein the output of the model includes at least one of a sheet position, a sheet speed and a sheet trajectory by a controller of the second sheet transportation process;

storing the delayed state data points received during the data collection period;

ending the data collection period after receiving and storing a delayed state data point after the data collection period has persisted for a number of state times at least as large as the data collection state count;

determining at least one of a current position, speed and trajectory of the sheet, from a current state of the model calculated from at least some of the stored state data points and predetermined information regarding a behavior of the state of the model; and

setting a current state for an output value of the sheet transportation controller according to the determined at least one of a current position, speed and trajectory of the sheet, thereby synchronizing the second sheet transportation process to the first sheet transportation process.

11. The method of claim 10 wherein the delay period is d state periods and receiving delayed state data points regarding the input to and output of the model comprises:

receiving at least a state of the output of the process model at a period d state periods prior to a current period represented as t′

, the time d state periods prior to the current period being represented as t′

-d; and

receiving additional information used as input to the model at period t′

-d and at d subsequent periods.

12. The method of claim 11 wherein receiving additional information comprises:

receiving information reported by sheet position sensors.

13. The method of claim 10 further comprising:

instantiating a copy of the model that is accessible by the second process without a significant delay;

setting an initial state of the copy of the model, to be equal to the current state of the model;

updating the copy of the model according to the received delayed state data points, thereby generating updated copy model outputs that are synchronized with updated model outputs of the model;

updating of an output value of a controller according to the output of the updated copy of the model; and

driving a sheet handling device according to the updated controller output value.

14. A method for synchronizing a second process to a first process, wherein state data regarding input to and output of a model of the first process is available to a controller of the second process after a delay period, the method comprising:

beginning a data collection period;

receiving delayed state data points regarding the input to and output of the model by the controller;

storing the delayed state data points received during the data collection period;

ending the data collection period after receiving and storing required information for determining a current state of the model based on forward propagation;

using the stored required information and information regarding the behavior of the model to forward propagate the model from a state at a point after the beginning of the data collection period to the current state, thereby determining the current state of the model; and

setting a current state of the second process according to the determined current state of the model, thereby synchronizing the controller and the second process to the first process.

15. A system that is operative to control a process, the system comprising:

a model of the process;

a communications path associated with a communications delay;

a controller that is operative to control a portion of the process; and

a supervisor that is operative to activate the controller at a time appropriate for the controller to prepare for controlling the portion of the process, wherein, the controller receives information regarding states of the model of the process over the communications path after the communications delay, and wherein the controller is operative to initialize and maintain a local copy of the model for use in determining appropriate control actions, wherein the controller is operative to initialize the local copy of the model by using delayed information regarding prior states of the model to determine a starting prior state of the model and to forward propagate the model from the starting prior state to a current state of the model, thereby synchronizing the local copy of the model to the model of the process.

16. The system of claim 15 wherein the communications delay is a maximum of d state periods long and the controller is operative to initialize the local copy of the model by a process comprising:

receiving at least a state of the output of the model at a period d state periods prior to a current period represented as t′

, the time d state periods prior to the current period therefore being represented as t′

-d; and

entering the state of the output of the process model at the period d state periods prior to the current period into a state function that is operative to calculate a next state based on an entered state, thereby calculating a state of the model at a first subsequent period, the first subsequent period being represented as t′

-d+1.

17. The system of claim 15 wherein the communications delay is a maximum of d state periods long and the controller is operative to initialize the local copy of the model by a process comprising:

entering the state of the output of the process model at the period d state periods prior to the current period and the additional information used as input to the model at period t′

-d into a state function that is operative to calculate a next state based on an entered state and additional information, thereby calculating a state of the model at a first subsequent period, the first subsequent period being represented as t′

-d+1, and

entering iteratively, subsequent calculated states of the model and the additional information used as input to the model at the subsequent state periods, starting with the calculated state period t′

-d+1 and additional information used as input to the model at t′

-d+1, into the state function, thereby calculating at least one additional subsequent state of the model, until a state for the current period t′

is calculated.

18. The system of claim 15 wherein the communications delay is a maximum of d state periods long and the controller is operative to maintain the local copy of the model by a process comprising:

receiving, at the controller, data regarding updated inputs to the model during a same period as the updated inputs are received by a device maintaining the model;

updating the copy of the model according to received data, thereby generating updated copy model outputs that are synchronized with updated model outputs of the model; and

updating a state for an output value of the controller according to the output of the updated copy of the model.

19. The system of claim 18 wherein the controller is further operative to drive an actuator according to the updated output value of the copy of the model.

20. The system of claim 18 wherein the controller is further operative to drive a sheet handling device according to the updated state for the output value.

21. The system of claim 15 wherein the controller is a second controller operative to control a second portion of the process and the supervisor is a first controller that is operative to control a first portion of the process, wherein the model is maintained by the first controller.

22. The system of claim 15 wherein the controller is a second controller operative to control a second portion of the process and the supervisor is further operative to activate a first controller that is operative to control a first portion of the process at a time appropriate for the first controller to prepare for controlling the first portion of the process.

23. The system of claim 22 wherein the model is maintained by the first controller and the model is a copy of another model maintained by another device.

24. The system of claim 15 wherein the controller comprises:

a nip controller.

25. The system of claim 16 wherein the controller is operative to control a sheet transportation process.

29. The system of claim 15 wherein the controller receiving information regarding states of the model of the process over the communication path after the communications delay comprises at least one of:

receiving delayed sensor information used as input to the model; and

beginning a data collection period, receiving delayed state data regarding the input to and output of the model, storing the delayed state data points received during the data collection period and ending the data collection period after receiving and storing delayed state data that represents a state of the input to and output of the model at a point in time after the beginning of the data collection period.

26. A document processing system comprising:

a first xerographic marking engine;

a sheet transport system that is operative to at least transport a sheet of print media to or from the first xerographic marking engine

a model of a sheet transportation process;

a communications path associated with a possibly variable communications delay;

a controller that is operative to control a portion of the sheet transportation process; and

a supervisor that is operative to activate the controller at a time appropriate for the controller to prepare for controlling the portion of the sheet transportation process, wherein, the controller receives information regarding states of the model of the sheet transportation process over the communications path after the communications delay, and wherein the controller is operative to initialize and maintain a local copy of the model of the sheet transportation process for use in determining appropriate control actions, wherein the controller is operative to initialize the local copy of the model of the sheet transportation process by using delayed information regarding prior states of the model of the sheet transportation process to determine a starting prior state of the model and to forward propagate the model from the starting prior state to a current state of the model, thereby synchronizing the local copy of the model of the sheet transportation process to the model of the sheet transportation process.

27. The system of claim 26 wherein the model of the sheet transportation process is operative to estimate at least one of a position, speed and trajectory of the sheet being transported by the sheet transport system.

28. The system of claim 26 further comprising:

at least a second marking engine wherein the sheet transport system is further operative to transport a sheet of print media to or from the at least a second marking engine.