Preamble detection using low-complexity cross-correlation

• US 7,899,107 B1
• Filed: 04/02/2007
• Issued: 03/01/2011
• Est. Priority Date: 04/17/2006
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: NXP USA, Inc. (NXP Semiconductors NV)
• Original Assignee: Marvell International Limited (Marvell Technology Group Limited)
• Inventors: Lee, Jungwon
• Primary Examiner(s): Payne; David C
• Assistant Examiner(s): Stevens; Brian J
• Application Number:
  US11/732,095
• Time in Patent Office: 1,429 Days
• Field of Search: 375/141, 375/140, 375/130, 370/319, 342/150
• US Class Current: 375/141
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 27/2613 Structure of the reference signals
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 27/2655 Synchronisation arrangements
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 27/2656 Frame synchronisation, e.g. packet synchronisation, time division duplex [TDD] switching point detection or subframe synchronisation
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 27/2675 Pilot or known symbols

Abstract

A system includes a differential demodulation module that differentially demodulates modulated signals. A cross-correlation module generates cross-correlation values by cross-correlating states of X symbols in the differentially demodulated signals with corresponding states of X predetermined symbols in each of Y preamble sequences, and determines whether one of the Y preamble sequences is present in the modulated signals, where X and Y are integers greater than 1. The cross-correlation module includes a state detection module that detects the states of the X symbols in the differentially demodulated signals, where each of the X symbols has one of a first state and a second state, and a summing module that generates the cross-correlation values by generating X sums for each of the Y preamble sequences by adding each of the states of the X symbols with the corresponding states of the X predetermined symbols in each of the Y preamble sequences.

Claims

1. A system, comprising:

a differential demodulation module that (i) differentially demodulates modulated signals and (ii) generates corresponding differentially demodulated signals; and

a cross-correlation module that

receives said differentially demodulated signals,

generates cross-correlation values by cross-correlating states of X symbols in said differentially demodulated signals with corresponding states of X predetermined symbols in each of Y preamble sequences, and

determines whether one of said Y preamble sequences is present in said modulated signals based on said cross-correlation values, where X and Y are integers greater than 1, and

wherein said cross-correlation module comprises;

a state detection module that detects said states of said X symbols in said differentially demodulated signals, where each of said X symbols has one of a first state and a second state; and

a summing module that (i) receives said Y preamble sequences and (ii) generates said cross-correlation values by generating X sums for each of said Y preamble sequences by adding each of said states of said X symbols with said corresponding states of said X predetermined symbols in each of said Y preamble sequences.

2. The system of claim 1 wherein said modulated signals include sub-carriers that are modulated using orthogonal frequency domain multiplexing (OFDM).

3. The system of claim 2 wherein every P^th one of said sub-carriers is modulated with a preamble symbol from one of said Y preamble sequences, where P is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

4. The system of claim 3 wherein said every P^th one of said sub-carriers has one of substantially the same channel phase and substantially the same differential channel phase.

5. The system of claim 3 wherein said differential demodulation module generates said differentially demodulated signals by multiplying a Q^th one of said modulated signals by a complex conjugate of a (Q+P)^th one of said modulated signals, where Q is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

6. The system of claim 1 wherein said states of said X symbols in said differentially demodulated signals are states of real parts of said differentially demodulated signals when imaginary parts of said differentially demodulated signals are approximately equal to zero.

7. The system of claim 1 wherein said states of said X sums are modulo-2 sums.

8. The system of claim 1 wherein said states of said X predetermined symbols in said Y preamble sequences are generated by inverting states of derived symbols in derived preamble sequences that are derived from said Y preamble sequences, and wherein each of said Y preamble sequences is different from others of said Y preamble sequences.

9. The system of claim 8 wherein each of said derived symbols of one of said derived preamble sequences has a first binary value when a corresponding symbol and a symbol adjacent to said corresponding symbol in a corresponding one of said Y preamble sequences have opposite binary values, and said each of said derived symbols has a second binary value that is opposite to said first binary value when said corresponding symbol and said symbol adjacent to said corresponding symbol have the same binary value.

10. The system of claim 8 wherein said derived preamble sequences have a cross-correlation that is less than or equal to a predetermined cross-correlation threshold.

11. The system of claim 10 wherein said predetermined cross-correlation threshold is less than approximately 0.2 for an orthogonal frequency domain multiplexing (OFDM) system using a 1024 fast Fourier transform (FFT) mode.

12. The system of claim 1 wherein said summing module generates said cross-correlation values by adding said X sums generated for each of said Y preamble sequences.

13. The system of claim 12 wherein said cross-correlation module further comprises a control module that communicates with said differential demodulation module and said summing module, that selects a largest one of said cross-correlation values, and that detects one of said Y preamble sequences in said modulated signals when said largest one of said cross-correlation values is greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold.

14. The system of claim 13 wherein said predetermined threshold is based on a signal strength of said modulated signals.

15. The system of claim 13 wherein said control module identifies a segment of a base station that transmitted said modulated signals based on said one of said Y preamble sequences detected in said modulated signals.

16. The system of claim 13 wherein said control module selects said largest one of said cross-correlation values based on a signal strength of said modulated signals.

17. The system of claim 13 further comprising a correlation module that communicates with said differential demodulation module and said control module and that generates correlation values by correlating at least one of said differentially demodulated signals and at least one of derived preamble sequences that is derived from said Y preamble sequences.

18. The system of claim 17 wherein said at least one of said derived preamble sequences generates at least two of said cross-correlation values that are greater than said predetermined threshold and that are substantially the same.

19. The system of claim 17 wherein said control module selects one of said correlation values having a largest real part, detects one of said Y preamble sequences in said modulated signals based on said largest real part, and identifies a segment of a base station that transmitted said modulated signals based on said one of said Y preamble sequences detected in said modulated signals.

20. The system of claim 17 wherein said control module selects one of said correlation values having a largest magnitude, detects one of said Y preamble sequences in said modulated signals based on said largest magnitude, and identifies a segment of a base station that transmitted said modulated signals based on said one of said Y preamble sequence detected in said modulated signals.

21. The system of claim 13 wherein said control module generates an estimate for an integer carrier frequency offset (CFO) present in said modulated signals when said control module selects said largest one of said cross-correlation values.

22. The system of claim 1 wherein said modulated signals include a fractional carrier frequency offset (CFO) that generates a phase error that is substantially the same in each one of said modulated signals.

23. The system of claim 1 wherein said modulated signals include an integer carrier frequency offset (CFO) that generates a phase error that is substantially the same in each one of said modulated signals.

24. A physical layer (PHY) module comprising:

the system of claim 1; and

a transceiver module that (i) communicates with said differential demodulation module and (ii) receives said modulated signals.

25. A network device comprising:

the PHY module of claim 24; and

at least one antenna that communicates with said transceiver module.

26. A method, comprising:

generating differentially demodulated signals by differentially demodulating modulated signals using a differential demodulator, wherein said modulated signals include sub-carriers that are modulated using orthogonal frequency domain multiplexing (OFDM);

detecting states of X symbols in said differentially demodulated signals, where each of said X symbols has one of a first state and a second state, and X is an integer greater than 1;

generating cross-correlation values by cross-correlating said states of said X symbols in said differentially demodulated signals with corresponding states of X predetermined symbols in each of Y preamble sequences, where Y is an integer greater than 1,

wherein said cross-correlation values are generated by generating X sums for each of said Y preamble sequences by adding each of said states of said X symbols with said corresponding states of said X predetermined symbols of each of said Y preamble sequences, where said X sums are modulo-2 sums; and

determining whether one of said Y preamble sequences is present in said modulated signals based on said cross-correlation values.

27. The method of claim 26 wherein every P^th one of said sub-carriers is modulated with a preamble symbol from one of said Y preamble sequences, where P is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

28. The method of claim 27 further comprising generating said differentially demodulated signals by multiplying a Q^th one of said modulated signals by a complex conjugate of a (Q+P)^th one of said modulated signals, where Q is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

29. The method of claim 26 wherein every P^th one of said sub-carriers has one of substantially the same channel phase and substantially the same differential channel phase.

30. The method of claim 26 further comprising determining said states of said X symbols in said differentially demodulated signals as states of real parts of said differentially demodulated signals when imaginary parts of said differentially demodulated signals are approximately equal to zero.

31. The method of claim 26 further comprising generating said states of said X predetermined symbols in said Y preamble sequences by inverting states of derived symbols in derived preamble sequences that are derived from said Y preamble sequences.

32. The method of claim 31 further comprising generating each of said derived symbols of one of said derived preamble sequences having a first binary value when a corresponding symbol and a symbol adjacent to said corresponding symbol in a corresponding one of said Y preamble sequences have opposite binary values, and having a second binary value that is opposite to said first binary value when said corresponding symbol and said symbol adjacent to said corresponding symbol have the same binary value.

33. The method of claim 31 wherein each of said Y preamble sequences is different from others of said Y preamble sequences, and wherein said derived preamble sequences have a cross-correlation that is less than or equal to a predetermined cross-correlation threshold.

34. The method of claim 33 wherein said predetermined cross-correlation threshold is less than approximately 0.2 for an orthogonal frequency domain multiplexing (OFDM) method using a 1024 fast Fourier transform (FFT) mode.

35. The method of claim 27 further comprising generating said cross-correlation values by adding said X sums generated for each of said Y preamble sequences.

36. The method of claim 35 further comprising selecting a largest one of said cross-correlation values and detecting one of said Y preamble sequences in said modulated signals when said largest one of said cross-correlation values is greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold.

37. The method of claim 36 wherein said predetermined threshold is based on a signal strength of said modulated signals.

38. The method of claim 36 further comprising identifying a segment of a base station that transmitted said modulated signals based on said one of said Y preamble sequences detected in said modulated signals.

39. The method of claim 36 further comprising selecting said largest one of said cross-correlation values based on a signal strength of said modulated signals.

40. The method of claim 36 further comprising generating correlation values by correlating at least one of said differentially demodulated signals and at least one of derived preamble sequences that is derived from said Y preamble sequences.

41. The method of claim 40 wherein said at least one of derived preamble sequences generates at least two of said cross-correlation values that are greater than said predetermined threshold and that are substantially the same.

42. The method of claim 40 further comprising selecting one of said correlation values having a largest real part, detecting one of said Y preamble sequences in said modulated signals based on said largest real part, and identifying a segment of a base station that transmitted said modulated signals based on said one of said Y preamble sequences detected in said modulated signals.

43. The method of claim 40 further comprising selecting one of said correlation values having a largest magnitude, detecting one of said Y preamble sequences in said modulated signals based on said largest magnitude, and identifying a segment of a base station that transmitted said modulated signals based on said one of said Y preamble sequence detected in said modulated signals.

44. The method of claim 36 further comprising generating an estimate for an integer carrier frequency offset (CFO) present in said modulated signals when selecting said largest one of said cross-correlation values.

45. The method of claim 26 wherein said modulated signals include a fractional carrier frequency offset (CFO) that generates a phase error that is substantially the same in each one of said modulated signals.

46. The method of claim 26 wherein said modulated signals include an integer carrier frequency offset (CFO) that generates a phase error that is substantially the same in each one of said modulated signals.