Wideband diffraction limited optical receiver

• US 7,961,395 B2
• Filed: 07/17/2007
• Issued: 06/14/2011
• Est. Priority Date: 07/17/2007
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Northrop Grumman Systems Corporation (Northrop Grumman Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Northrop Grumman Systems Corporation (Northrop Grumman Corporation)
• Inventors: Svec, Christopher Brendan, Greenland, Alan Richard, Jackson, John Edwin
• Primary Examiner(s): Pritchett; Joshua L
• Application Number:
  US11/778,886
• Publication Number:
  US 20090021832A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,428 Days
• Field of Search: 359/566, 359/570
• US Class Current: 359/570
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 27/0037 with diffracting elements G02B27/0056 takes precedence; holographic optical elements G02B5/32; zone systems G02B5/1876
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 27/4211 correcting chromatic aberrations G02B27/0056, G02B27/4222, G02B27/4227 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G02B 27/4288 having uniform diffraction efficiency over a large spectral bandwidth

Abstract

Systems and methods are provided for providing wideband diffraction limited performance in an optical receiver. A first lens is constructed from a first material and has a first surface and a second surface. A second lens is constructed from a second material and having a first surface and a second surface. The second lens is positioned such that a first surface of the second lens faces a second surface of the first lens across a gap of air. A diffraction grating is applied to one of the first and second surfaces of the first and second lenses.

Claims

1. A doublet lens assembly comprising:

a first lens made from a first material and having a first surface and a second, aspherical, surface;

a second lens made from a second material and having a first surface and a second surface, the second lens being positioned such that a first surface of the second lens faces a second surface of the first lens across a gap of air, the second lens being a meniscus lens and the width of the gap of air along an axis of the doublet lens assembly being less than a width of the first lens along the axis; and

a diffraction grating applied to one of the first and second surfaces of one of the first and second lenses.

2. The assembly of claim 1, the diffraction grating being applied to one of the first and second surfaces of one of the first and second lenses, such that the diffraction grating is adjacent to the gap of air.

3. The assembly of claim 1, the first material being selected to have a relatively gradual variance in refractive index over a wavelength band of interest and positive optical power and the second material being selected to have a relatively rapid variance in refractive index over the wavelength band of interest and negative optical power, such that the dispersive properties of the lenses substantially cancel one another over the wavelength band of interest and a net positive optical power is achieved.

4. The assembly of claim 1, the first material and the second material being operative to transmit light having a wavelength between about 0.6 micrometers and about 10 micrometers.

5. The assembly of claim 1, wherein the diffraction grating comprises a series of concentric circular grooves etched onto one of the first and second surfaces of the first and second lenses.

6. A wideband diffraction limited receiver assembly, comprising:

the doublet lens assembly of claim 1;

a second doublet lens assembly that receives light focused by the doublet lens assembly; and

a focal plane array that receives light focused by the second doublet lens assembly and converts the received light to a digital image.

7. A forward looking sensor system, comprising:

a plurality of wideband diffraction limited receiver assemblies as set forth in claim 6;

a data analysis component that reconciles data provided from the plurality of wideband diffraction limited receiver assemblies to provide a sensor image; and

a user interface that displays the sensor image.

8. A wideband diffraction limited receiver assembly that provides diffraction limited performance over a desired wavelength band, comprising:

a first doublet lens assembly that focuses incident light, comprising;

a first lens made from a first material and having a first surface and a second surface;

a second lens made from a second material and having a first surface and a second surface, the second lens being positioned such that a first surface of the second lens faces a second surface of the first lens across a gap of air having a width less than an associated width of at least one of the first lens and the second lens; and

wherein at least one of the first and second surfaces of the first and second lenses is an aspherical surface with a diffraction grating;

a second doublet lens assembly that receives light focused by the first doublet lens assembly and further focuses the received light; and

an image detector that receives light focused by the second doublet lens assembly and converts the received light to a digital image.

9. The assembly of claim 8, further comprising a filter that attenuates incident light having wavelengths outside of the desired wavelength band.

10. The assembly of claim 8, wherein the diffraction grating is applied to at least one of the second surface of the first lens and the first surface of the second lens.

11. The assembly of claim 8, where the desired wavelength band includes the near and mid-range infrared wavelength bands.

12. The assembly of claim 8, wherein the second doublet lens assembly comprises a third lens, constructed from the first material, and a fourth lens, constructed from the second material.

13. A forward looking sensor system, comprising:

a plurality of wideband diffraction limited receiver assemblies as set forth in claim 8;

a data analysis component that reconciles data provided from the plurality of wideband diffraction limited receiver assemblies to provide a sensor image; and

a user interface that displays the sensor image.

14. The system of claim 13, further comprising a target recognition component that identifies portions of the sensor image containing potential targets and categorizes the identified sensor image portions as targets or non-targets.

15. The assembly of claim 8, the first material being selected to have a relatively gradual variance in refractive index over a wavelength band of interest and positive optical power and the second material being selected to have a relatively rapid variance in refractive index over the wavelength band of interest and negative optical power, such that the dispersive properties of the lenses substantially cancel one another over the wavelength band of interest and a net positive optical power is achieved.

16. A method for constructing a doublet lens assembly that provides chromatic correction in an optical receiver system as to provide diffraction limited performance over a desired band of wavelengths comprising:

constructing a first lens from a first material, such that the first lens has at least one aspherical surface and an associated width;

constructing a second, meniscus, lens from a second material;

etching a diffraction grating onto a surface of one of the first lens and the second lens; and

positioning the first lens and the second lens in a doublet lens arrangement with an air gap between the first lens and the second lens such that the etched surface containing the diffraction grating is adjacent to the air gap, the width of the gap of air along an axis of the doublet lens assembly being less than the width of the first lens.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein etching a diffraction grating comprises etching the diffraction grating onto the aspherical surface.

18. The method of claim 16, where the first material is zinc selenide and the second material is calcium fluoride.

19. The method of claim 16, the first material being selected to have a relatively gradual variance in refractive index over a wavelength band of interest and positive optical power and the second material being selected to have a relatively rapid variance in refractive index over the wavelength band of interest and negative optical power, such that the dispersive properties of the lenses substantially cancel one another over the wavelength band of interest and a net positive optical power is achieved.