Battery protection and zero-volt battery recovery system for an implantable medical device

• US 7,962,222 B2
• Filed: 10/19/2006
• Issued: 06/14/2011
• Est. Priority Date: 12/07/2005
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation (Boston Scientific Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation (Boston Scientific Corporation)
• Inventors: Peterson, David L., He, Yuping
• Primary Examiner(s): Patel; Niketa I
• Assistant Examiner(s): EL-KAISSI, HIBA CARINE
• Application Number:
  US11/550,872
• Publication Number:
  US 20070129768A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,699 Days
• Field of Search: 607/33, 607/61, 607/34
• US Class Current: 607/61
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/37 Monitoring; Protecting
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/378 Electrical supply
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3787 from an external energy source
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/44 Methods for charging or discharging circuits for charging H02J7/00
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 2310/23 The load being a medical device, a medical implant, or a life supporting device
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/10 using inductive coupling
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/80 involving the exchange of data, concerning supply or distribution of electric power, between transmitting devices and receiving devices
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00 Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0071 with a programmable schedule
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00711 with introduction of pulses during the charging process
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

Circuitry useable to protect and reliably charge a rechargeable battery, even from a zero-volt state, is disclosed, and is particularly useful when employed in an implantable medical device. The circuit includes two charging paths, a first path for trickle charging the battery at a relatively low current when the battery voltage is below a threshold, and a second path for charging the battery at relatively higher currents that the battery voltage is above a certain threshold. A passive diode is used in the first trickle-charging path which allows trickle charging even when the battery voltage is too low for reliable gating, while a gateable switch (preferably a PMOS transistor) is used in the second higher-current charging path when the voltage is higher and the switch can therefore be gated more reliably. A second diode between the two paths ensures no leakage to the substrate through the gateable switch during trickle charging. The load couples to the battery through the switch, and preferably through a second switch specifically used for decoupling the load.

Claims

1. A protection and recovery circuit for an implantable medical device, comprising:

a rechargeable battery having a threshold voltage;

at least one first diode;

a first switch;

charging circuitry for issuing a first charging current from a first node along a first charging path, and for issuing a second charging current from a second node along a second charging path, wherein the first and second nodes are separated,

the first charging current for charging the battery through the at least one first diode, wherein the first charging path is active to charge the battery from zero volts when a voltage of the battery is below the threshold voltage; and

the second charging current for charging the battery through the first switch; and

a controller for closing the first switch when a voltage of the battery is above the threshold voltage.

2. The circuit of claim 1, further comprising a load, wherein the load is coupled to the second charging path such that the first switch is active to couple the battery to the load.

3. The circuit of claim 2, further comprising a second switch between the first switch and the load for decoupling the load.

4. The circuit of claim 1, further comprising at least one second diode between the first charging path and the second charging path.

5. The circuit of claim 1, wherein the first switch comprises a PMOS transistor.

6. The circuit of claim 5, further comprising a polarity control circuit, and wherein a well of the PMOS transistor is biased by the polarity control circuit to a higher of a source or a drain of the PMOS transistor.

7. The circuit of claim 5, further comprising a polarity control circuit, and wherein a well of the PMOS transistor is biased by the polarity control circuit to the battery voltage.

8. A protection and recovery circuit for an implantable medical device, comprising:

a rechargeable battery having a threshold voltage;

at least one first diode;

a first switch;

a charge controller with a first output and a second output for charging the rechargeable battery;

a first charging path between the first output of the charge controller and a terminal of the battery for charging the battery through the at least one first diode, wherein the charge controller controls the first charging path to be active to charge the battery from zero volts when the charge controller determines that a voltage of the battery is below the threshold voltage; and

a second charging path between the second output of the charge controller and the terminal of the battery for charging the battery through the first switch, wherein the charge controller controls the second charging path to be active to charge the battery when the charge controller determines that a voltage of the battery is above the threshold voltage.

9. The circuit of claim 8, further comprising a switch control circuit for controlling the first switch to deactivate the second charging path.

10. The circuit of claim 8, further comprising a load, wherein the load is coupled to the second charging path such that the first switch is active to couple the battery to the load.

11. The circuit of claim 10, further comprising a second switch between the first switch and the load for decoupling the load.

12. The circuit of claim 8, further comprising at least one second diode between the first charging path and the second charging path.

13. The circuit of claim 8, wherein the first switch comprises a PMOS transistor.

14. The circuit of claim 13, further comprising a polarity control circuit, and wherein a well of the PMOS transistor is biased by the polarity control circuit to a higher of a source or a drain of the PMOS transistor.

15. The circuit of claim 13, further comprising a polarity control circuit, and wherein a well of the PMOS transistor is biased by the polarity control circuit to the battery voltage.

16. The circuit of claim 13, wherein a well of the PMOS transistor is biased to a voltage output by the charge controller on the first charging path.