Hybrid motor vehicle and method for controlling operation of a hybrid motor vehicle

• US 8,020,651 B2
• Filed: 10/19/2005
• Issued: 09/20/2011
• Est. Priority Date: 11/16/2004
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Skoda Auto A.S. (Volkswagen AG), Volkswagen AG
• Original Assignee: Skoda Auto A.S. (Volkswagen AG), Volkswagen AG
• Inventors: Prochazka, David, Holz, Matthias, Pott, Ekkehard, Zillmer, Michael
• Primary Examiner(s): VANAMAN, FRANK BENNETT
• Application Number:
  US11/719,350
• Publication Number:
  US 20090146615A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,162 Days
• Field of Search: 180/65.21, 180/65.22, 180/65.25, 180/65.26, 180/65.275, 180/65.285, 903/930
• US Class Current: 180/65.285
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 6/48 Parallel type
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 1/00 Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles circuit arrangements for charging batteries H02J7/00
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/423 Torque
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/16 with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/40 using propulsion power supplied by capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/13 Maintaining the SoC within a determined range
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/15 Preventing overcharging
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 58/20 having different nominal voltages
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/02 including control of driveline clutches
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/08 including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/26 for electrical energy, e.g. batteries or capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 20/00 Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles hybrid vehicle design, B60K6/00; electric vehicles B60L
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 20/13 in order to stay within battery power input or output limits; in order to prevent overcharging or battery depletion
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2510/244 Charge state
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/62 Hybrid vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/64 Electric machine technologies in electromobility
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

Abstract

A method controls an operation of a motor vehicle equipped with a hybrid drive unit having a combustion engine and at least one electric machine that can be selectively operated as a motor or as a generator. The electric machine, when in generator mode, charges an energy store and/or supplies power to a vehicle electrical system of the motor vehicle. In generator mode, the electric machine is operated in alternating intervals, while maintaining predefined boundary conditions. In a first interval, the electric machine is operated with a first high electrical power output that is higher than an actual power consumption of the vehicle electrical system of the motor vehicle. The electric machine is switched off in a second interval. This largely prevents the electric machine from approaching operating points under light load which have a low efficiency and achieves a fuel advantage in comparison to a continuous operating mode.

Claims

1. A method for controlling an operation of a motor vehicle with a hybrid drive unit, which comprises an internal combustion engine and at least one electric machine coupled to a drive train of the motor vehicle, wherein the at least one electric machine is selectively operated in a motor operation mode and a generator operation mode, wherein, when the electric machine is operated in the motor operation mode, the electric machine powers the motor vehicle either alone or in addition to the internal combustion engine, and, when the electric machine is operated in the generator operation mode, the electric machine charges an energy store and/or powers a vehicle electrical system of the motor vehicle, wherein, when the electric machine is operated in the generator operation mode, depending on maintaining predetermined boundary conditions, the electric machine operates in an alternating generator mode and a continuous generator mode, wherein, when the electric machine is operated in the alternating generator mode, the electric machine is operated in a manner in which first and second intervals are alternated, wherein

(a) in a first interval, the electric machine is operated with a first, high electric power output which is greater than an actual power consumption of the vehicle electrical system, and

(b) in the second interval, the electric machine is switched off,

wherein an efficiency accounting is performed to determine an efficiency advantage of the alternating generator mode in comparison to the continuous generator mode, wherein the efficiency accounting takes into consideration a shift in a load level of the internal combustion engine, and further wherein the alternating generator mode of the electric machine is selected if the efficiency advantage of the alternating generator mode, determined by the efficiency accounting, reaches or exceeds a predetermined threshold value.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, in the second interval, the vehicle electrical system is supplied from the energy store and/or from a car battery.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first interval is terminated when a charge state of the energy store reaches an upper switching threshold, and the second interval is terminated when the charge state of the energy store reaches a lower switching threshold.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the upper switching threshold and/or the lower switching threshold are independent of each other above or below, respectively, a desired charge state with reference to a maximum charge state of the energy store.

5. The method according to claim 3, wherein the upper switching threshold and/or the lower switching threshold are at most about 20% above or below, respectively, a desired charge state with reference to a maximum charge state of the energy store.

6. The method according to claim 3, wherein the upper switching threshold and/or the lower switching threshold are at most about 10% above or below, respectively, a desired charge state with reference to a maximum charge state of the energy store.

7. The method according to claim 3, wherein the upper switching threshold and/or the lower switching threshold are at most about 5% above or below, respectively, a desired charge state with reference to a maximum charge state of the energy store.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the alternating generator mode of the electric machine is used when the actual power demand from the vehicle electrical system and/or the energy store is smaller than 1200 W.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the alternating generator mode of the electric machine is used when a ratio of the actual power demand of the vehicle electrical system and/or the energy store to an actual maximum generator power supply from the electric machine is smaller than 0.15.

10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the alternating generator mode of the electric machine is used when an efficiency advantage of the alternating generator mode compared to the continuous generator mode exceeds at least 2%.

11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the alternating generator mode of the electric machine is used at rotation speeds of ≧

1250 min<sup>−

1</sup>.

12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the alternating generator mode of the electric machine is used when a desired charge state of the energy store maintains a minimum separation of less than 20% from a lower and/or an upper permissible charge limit value.

13. The method according to claim 1, wherein the alternating generator mode of the electric machine is used when at least one of the following boundary conditions is satisfied:

a minimum separation between an actual torque of the internal combustion engine and a maximum torque of the internal combustion engine is maintained;

the internal combustion engine is not actually operated with an enriched mixture to protect components;

the vehicle travels at an actual minimum speed; and

a minimum gear of a vehicle gear transmission is engaged.

14. The method according to claim 1, wherein the alternating generator mode of the electric machine is used when the actual power demand from the vehicle electrical system and/or the energy store is smaller than 800 W.

15. The method according to claim 1, wherein the alternating generator mode of the electric machine is used when the actual power demand from the vehicle electrical system and/or the energy store is smaller than 500 W.

16. The method according to claim 1, wherein the alternating generator mode of the electric machine is used when a ratio of the actual power demand of vehicle electrical system and/or energy store to an actual maximum generator power supply from the electric machine of is smaller than 0.10.

17. The method according to claim 1, wherein the alternating generator mode of the electric machine is used when a ratio of the actual power demand of vehicle electrical system and/or energy store to an actual maximum generator power supply from the electric machine of is smaller than 0.5.

18. The method according to claim 1, wherein the alternating generator mode of the electric machine is used at rotation speeds of ≧

1500 min<sup>−

1</sup>.

19. The method according to claim 1, wherein the alternating generator mode of the electric machine is used at rotation speeds of ≧

2000 min<sup>−

1</sup>.

20. A motor vehicle with a hybrid drive unit, which comprises an internal combustion engine and at least one electric machine coupled to a drive train of the motor vehicle, wherein the at least one electric machine is adapted to be selectively operated in a motor operation mode and a generator operation mode, wherein, when the electric machine is operated in the motor operation mode, the electric machine is adapted to power the motor vehicle either alone or in addition to the internal combustion engine, and, when the electric machine is operated in the generator operation mode, the electric machine is adapted to charge an energy store and/or to power a vehicle electrical system of the motor vehicle,

wherein the motor vehicle comprises control means configured to operate the electric machine, wherein, when the electric machine is operated in the generator operation mode, depending on maintaining predetermined boundary conditions, the electric machine operates in an alternating generator mode and a continuous generator mode, wherein, when the electric machine is operated in the alternating generator mode, the electric machine is adapted to operate in a manner in which first and second intervals are alternated, wherein

(a) in a first interval, the electric machine is adapted to operate with a first, high electric power output which is greater than an actual power consumption of the vehicle electrical system, and

(b) in a second interval, the electric machine is adapted to be switched off,

wherein the control means is configured to perform an efficiency accounting to determine an efficiency advantage of the alternating generator mode in comparison to the continuous generator mode, wherein the efficiency accounting takes into consideration a shift in a load level of the internal combustion engine, and further wherein the alternating generator mode of the electric machine is selected if the efficiency advantage of the alternating generator mode, determined by the efficiency accounting, reaches or exceeds a predetermined threshold value.