Distributed circular geometry power amplifier architecture

• US 8,049,563 B2
• Filed: 09/12/2008
• Issued: 11/01/2011
• Est. Priority Date: 10/10/2000
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: California Institute of Technology
• Original Assignee: California Institute of Technology
• Inventors: Ruthledge, David B., Hajimiri, Seyed-Ali, Aoki, Ichiro, Kee, Scott D.
• Primary Examiner(s): NGUYEN, KHANH V
• Application Number:
  US12/209,944
• Publication Number:
  US 20090002071A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,145 Days
• Field of Search: 330/146, 330/262, 330/264, 330/276
• US Class Current: 330/276
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 1/223 with MOSFET's
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2200/534 Transformer coupled at the input of an amplifier
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2200/537 A transformer being used as coupling element between two amplifying stages
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2200/541 Transformer coupled at the output of an amplifier
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/265 with field-effect transistors only
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/423 with MOSFET's
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/604 using FET's

Abstract

The present invention discloses a distributed power amplifier topology and device that efficiently and economically enhances the power output of an RF signal to be amplified. The power amplifier comprises a plurality of push-pull amplifiers interconnected in a novel circular geometry that preferably function as a first winding of an active transformer having signal inputs of adjacent amplification devices driven with an input signal of equal magnitude and opposite phase. The topology also discloses the use of a secondary winding that matches the geometry of primary winding and variations thereof that serve to efficiently combine the power of the individual power amplifiers. The novel architecture enables the design of low-cost, fully-integrated, high-power amplifiers in the RF, microwave, and millimeter-wave frequencies.

Claims

1. An amplifier comprising:

a first driver having a first terminal, a second terminal, and a third terminal coupled to a conductor segment of a distributed active transformer;

a second driver having a first terminal, a second terminal, and a third terminal coupled to the conductor segment of the distributed active transformer;

the first driver is configured to receive a first voltage at its first terminal;

the second driver is configured to receive a second voltage at its first terminal; and

a conducting path between the second terminals of the first and second driver stages, wherein the conducting path further includes at least one additional driver.

2. The amplifier of claim 1 further comprising at least one virtual ac ground.

3. The amplifier of claim 1 further comprising a capacitor connected to the third terminal of the first driver.

4. The amplifier of claim 3 further comprising the capacitor coupled to the third terminal of the second driver.

5. The amplifier of claim 1 further comprising a power control circuit coupled to the first driver.

6. The amplifier of claim 5 further comprising a capacitor coupled to the amplifier.

7. An amplifier, comprising:

a first driver stage having a first terminal, a second terminal and a third terminal;

a second driver stage having a first terminal, a second terminal and a third terminal;

the third terminal of the first driver stage is coupled to a conductor segment of a distributed active transformer;

the third terminal of the second driver stage is coupled to the conductor segment of the distributed active transformer; and

a conducting path between the first driver stage and the second driver stage, wherein the conducting path further includes at least one additional driver stage.

8. The amplifier of claim 7 wherein the first driver is configured to receive a first voltage at its first terminal.

9. The amplifier of claim 8 wherein the second driver is configured to receive a second voltage at its first terminal.

10. The amplifier of claim 7 further comprising a capacitor connected to the third terminal of the first driver stage.

11. The amplifier of claim 10 further comprising the capacitor coupled to the third terminal of the second driver stage.

12. The amplifier of claim 7 further comprising a power control circuit coupled to the first driver stage.

13. The amplifier of claim 12 further comprising a capacitor coupled to the amplifier.

14. A method for amplifying power, comprising:

controlling a first driver of a distributed active transformer;

controlling a second driver of the distributed active transformer;

controlling a third driver of the distributed active transformer;

controlling a fourth driver of the distributed active transformer;

combining, in a secondary winding of the distributed active transformer, an output power of the first driver and the second driver that are each coupled to a conductor segment of a primary winding of the distributed active transformer, wherein the secondary winding is magnetically coupled to the primary winding, and

combining, in the secondary winding of the distributed active transformer, an output power of the third driver and the fourth driver that are each coupled to the primary winding.

15. The method of claim 14 wherein controlling the first driver of the distributed active transformer comprises controlling the first driver of the distributed active transformer using power control circuitry.

16. The method of claim 14 further comprising:

controlling a fifth driver of the distributed active transformer;

controlling a sixth driver of the distributed active transformer; and

combining, in the secondary winding of the distributed active transformer, an output power of the fifth driver and the sixth driver that are each coupled to the primary winding.

17. The method of claim 16 further comprising:

controlling a seventh driver of the distributed active transformer;

controlling an eighth driver of the distributed active transformer; and

combining, in the secondary winding of the distributed active transformer, an output power of the seventh driver and the eighth driver that are each coupled to the primary winding.

18. The method of claim 17 further comprising controlling one or more of the drivers of the distributed active transformer using power control circuitry.