Battery including electrolyte with mixed solvent

• US 8,153,307 B1
• Filed: 06/22/2005
• Issued: 04/10/2012
• Est. Priority Date: 02/11/2004
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Quallion, LLC (EnerSys)
• Original Assignee: Quallion, LLC (EnerSys)
• Inventors: Tanaka, Manabu, Yoon, Sang Young, Nakahara, Hiroshi
• Primary Examiner(s): WEINER, LAURA S
• Application Number:
  US11/165,406
• Time in Patent Office: 2,484 Days
• Field of Search: 429/313, 429/317, 429/303, 429/326, 429/330, 429/332, 429/338
• US Class Current: 429/313
• CPC Class Codes: C08G 77/448 containing polycarbonate sequences
• CPC Class Codes: C08G 77/46 containing polyether sequences
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0525 Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0567 characterised by the additives
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0568 characterised by the solutes
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 10/0569 characterised by the solvents
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/131 Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/133 Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
• CPC Class Codes: H01M 4/485 of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy H01M4/505, H01M4/525 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/10 Energy storage using batteries

Abstract

A battery is disclosed. The battery includes an electrolyte activating one or more anodes and one or more cathodes. The electrolyte includes one or more salts dissolved in a solvent. The solvent includes one or more first siloxanes and/or one or more first silanes. Each of the first siloxanes and/or first silanes have one or more first substituents that each include a poly(alkylene oxide) moiety. The solvent also includes one or more second siloxanes and/or one or more second silanes. Each of the second siloxanes and/or second silanes have one or more second substituents that each include a carbonate moiety.

Claims

1. A battery comprising:

an electrolyte activating one or more anodes and one or more cathodes, the electrolyte including one or more salts dissolved in a solvent, the solvent including

one or more first siloxanes and/or one or more first silanes, each of the first siloxanes and/or first silanes having one or more first substituents that each include a poly(alkylene oxide) moiety and each of the first siloxanes and/or first silanes excludes a cyclic carbonate moiety; and

one or more second siloxanes and/or one or more second silanes, each of the second siloxanes and/or second silanes having one or more second substituents that each include a carbonate moiety.

2. The battery of claim 1, wherein one or more of the first substituents is a noncrosslinking side-chain.

3. The battery of claim 2, wherein one or more of the first substituents is a crosslinking side-chain.

4. The battery of claim 1, wherein the carbonate moiety is a cyclic carbonate moiety.

5. The battery of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte further includes:

an organic solvent.

6. The battery of claim 5, wherein the organic solvent includes one or more components selected from the group consisting of:

propylene carbonate (PC), ethylene carbonate (EC), butylene carbonate (BC), vinylene carbonate (VC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), ethylmethyl carbonate (EMC), dipropyl carbonate (DPC), dialkyl carbonates, 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME), methyl propyl carbonate, ethyl propyl carbonate, methyl formate, methyl acetate, ethyl propionate, .gamma-butyrolactone, 1,2-ethoxyethane (DEE), ethoxymethoxyethane (EME), tetrahydrofuran and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, dimethylsulfoxide, 1,3-dioxolane, formamide, acetoamide, dimethylformamide, dioxolane, acetonitrile, propylnitrile, nitromethane, ethylmonoglyme, triester phosphate, trimethoxymethane, sulphorane, methylsulphorane, 1,3-diemthyl-2-imidazoline, 3-methyl-2-oxazolidinone, ethylether, 1,3-propanesultone, anisole, and N-methylpyrrolidone.

7. The battery of claim 5, wherein the organic solvent includes one or more cyclic carbonates.

8. The battery of claim 5, wherein the organic solvent includes one or more cyclic carbonate and one or more linear carbonates.

9. The battery of claim 1, wherein one or more salts includes a salt selected from the group consisting of LiClO₄, LiBF₄, LiAsF₆, LiPF₆, LiSbF₆, LiCF₃SO₃, LiC₆F₅SO₃, LiC₄F₉CO₂, LiC(CF₃SO₂)₃, LiN(SO₂C₂FO₂, LiN(SO₂CF₃)₂, LiAlCl₄, LiGaCl₄, LiSCN, LiO₂, LiO₃SCF₃, LiO₂CCF₃, LiSO₆F, LiB(C₆H₅)₄, chloroboran lithium, lithium tetraphenylborate, LiBr, Lit, LiSCN, LiCl, imides, Li-methide, Li-imide, lithium alkyl fluorophosphates and mixtures thereof.

10. The battery of claim 1, wherein the one or more salts includes a bis[bidentate] borate.

11. The battery of claim 1, wherein the one or more salts includes one or more salts according to:

12. The battery of claim 1, wherein the one or more salts includes lithium bis-oxalato borate (LiBOB).

13. The battery of claim 1, wherein the solvent includes the one or more second silanes and one of the second silanes is represented by:

SiR_4-x-yR′

_xR″

_y;

wherein R is an alkyl group, an aryl group or a halogen, R′

_x is represented by Formula VIII-A or Formula VIII-C, R″

_y is represented by Formula VW-B, x is 0 to 4, y is 0 to 4, 4-x-y indicates the number of R substituents, and x+y is at least 1;

Formula VIII-A;

14. The battery of claim 13, wherein x is greater than 0 to 4.

15. The battery of claim 13, wherein R₉ is nil and R₁₄ is nil.

16. The battery of claim 13, wherein R′

_x is represented by Formula VW-A.

17. The battery of claim 16, wherein R₉ is nil.

18. The battery of claim 17, wherein the first silane is represented by Formula VIII-D:

19. The battery of claim 1, wherein the solvent includes one or more additives.

20. The battery of claim 19, wherein the one or more of the additives is selected from a group consisting of vinyl carbonate (VC), vinyl ethylene carbonate (VEC), ethylene sulfite (ES), propylene sulfite (PS), and phenyl ethylene carbonate, (PhEC).

21. The battery of claim 19, wherein the one or more of the additives is selected from a group consisting of vinyl carbonate (VC), and vinyl ethylene carbonate (VEC).

22. The battery of claim 1, wherein the poly(alkylene oxide) moiety includes an oxygen linked directly to a silicon in the one or more first siloxanes and/or the one or more first silanes.

23. The battery of claim 1, wherein the solvent includes the one or more first silanes or the one or more second silanes.

24. The battery of claim 1, wherein the solvent includes one or more components selected from the group consisting of the first siloxanes and the second siloxanes, wherein the one or more components are each a disiloxane.

25. The battery of claim 1, wherein the one or more salts includes a dihalo mono[bidentate] borate.

26. The battery of claim 1, wherein the one or more salts includes one or more salts according to:

27. The battery of claim 1, wherein the one or more salts includes lithium difluoro oxalatoborate (LiDfOB).

28. The battery of claim 1, wherein the solvent includes the one or more second siloxanes and one or more of the second siloxanes is represented by:

29. The battery of claim 1, wherein the solvent includes the one or more second siloxanes and one or more of the second siloxanes is represented by:

30. The battery of claim 1, wherein the solvent includes the one or more second siloxanes and one or more of the second siloxanes is represented by

31. The battery of claim 1, wherein the solvent includes the one or more first siloxane and one or more of the first siloxanes is represented by:

32. The battery of claim 1, wherein the solvent includes the one or more second siloxanes and one or more of the second siloxanes is represented by

33. The battery of claim 1, wherein the solvent includes one or more of the first siloxanes and at least one of the first siloxanes is a tetrasiloxane, a trisiloxane or a disiloxane.

34. The battery of claim 1, wherein the solvent includes one or more of the first siloxanes and at least one of the first siloxanes is a disiloxane.

35. The battery of claim 1, wherein the solvent includes one or more of the second siloxanes and at least one of the second siloxanes is a tetrasiloxane, a trisiloxane or a disiloxane.

36. The battery of claim 1, wherein the solvent includes one or more of the second siloxanes and at least one of the second siloxanes is a disiloxane.

37. The battery of claim 1, wherein the solvent includes one or more of the first siloxanes and at least one of the first siloxanes is a tetrasiloxane, a trisiloxane or a disiloxanes;

and

wherein the solvent includes one or more of the second siloxanes and at least one of the second siloxanes is a tetrasiloxane, a trisiloxane or a disiloxane.

38. The battery of claim 1 where each of the one or more first siloxanes and/or one or more first silanes is a separate compound from each of the one or more second siloxanes and/or one or more second silanes.

39. A battery comprising:

an electrolyte activating one or more anodes and one or more cathodes, the electrolyte including one or more salts dissolved in a solvent, the solvent including

one or more first silanes, each of the first silanes having one or more first substituents that each include a poly(alkylene oxide) moiety and each of the first silanes excludes a cyclic carbonate moiety; and

one or more second silanes, each of the second silanes having one or more second substituents that each include a carbonate moiety.

40. The battery of claim 39, wherein one or more of the first substituents is a noncrosslinking side-chain.

41. The battery of claim 39, wherein the carbonate moiety is a cyclic carbonate moiety.

42. The battery of claim 39, wherein one or more salts includes one or more organoborate salts.

43. The battery of claim 39, wherein one of the second silanes is represented by:

SiR_4-x-yR′

_xR″

_y;

wherein R is an alkyl group, an aryl group or a halogen, R′

_x is represented by Formula VIII-A or Formula VIII-C, R″

_y is represented by Formula VIII-B, x is 0 to 4, y is 0 to 4, 4-x-y indicates the number of R substituents, and x+y is at least 1;

Formula VIII-A;

44. The battery of claim 43, wherein x is greater than 0 and up to 4.

45. The battery of claim 43, wherein R₉ is nil and R₁₄ is nil.

46. The battery of claim 43, wherein R′

_x is represented by Formula VIII-A.

47. The battery of claim 46, wherein R₉ is nil.

48. The battery of claim 39, wherein the solvent includes one or more additives selected from a group consisting of o-phenylene carbonate, vinyl carbonate (VC), vinyl ethylene carbonate (VEC), ethylene sulfite (ES), propylene sulfite (PS), 1,3 dimethyl butadiene, styrene carbonate, an aromatic carbonate, vinyl pyrrole, vinyl piperazine, vinyl piperidine, and vinyl pyridine.

49. The battery of claim 39, wherein the poly(alkylene oxide) moiety includes an oxygen linked directly to a silicon in the one or more first silanes.

50. The battery of claim 39, wherein at least one of the one or more first silanes is represented by Formula VIII-D:

51. A battery comprising:

an electrolyte activating one or more anodes and one or more cathodes, the electrolyte including one or more salts dissolved in a solvent;

the one or more salts including one or more organoborate salts;

the solvent including

one or more first siloxanes and/or one or more first silanes, each of the first siloxanes and/or first silanes having one or more first substituents that each include a poly(alkylene oxide) moiety and each of the first siloxanes and/or first silanes excludes a cyclic carbonate moiety, and

one or more second siloxanes and/or one or more second silanes, each of the second siloxanes and/or second silanes having one or more second substituents that each include a carbonate moiety.

52. The battery of claim 51, wherein one or more of the first substituents is a noncrosslinking side-chain.

53. The battery of claim 51, wherein the carbonate moiety is a cyclic carbonate moiety.

54. The battery of claim 51, wherein the one or more organoborate salts includes a bis[bidentate] borate.

55. The battery of claim 51, wherein the one or more organoborate salts includes one or more salts according to:

56. The battery of claim 51, wherein the one or more organoborate salts includes lithium bis-oxalato borate (LiBOB).

57. The battery of claim 51, wherein the solvent includes the one or more second silanes and one of the second silanes is represented by:

SiR_4-x-yR′

_xR″

_y;

wherein R is an alkyl group, an aryl group or a halogen, R′

_x is represented by Formula VIII-A or Formula VIII-C, R″

_y is represented by Formula x is 0 to 4, y is 0 to 4, 4-x-y indicates the number of R substituents, and x+y is at least 1;

Formula VIII-A;

58. The battery of claim 57, wherein the first silane is represented by Formula VIII-D:

59. The battery of claim 51, wherein the solvent includes one or more additives selected from a group consisting of o-phenylene carbonate, vinyl carbonate (VC), vinyl ethylene carbonate (VEC), ethylene sulfite (ES), propylene sulfite (PS), 1,3 dimethyl butadiene, styrene carbonate, an aromatic carbonate, vinyl pyrrole, vinyl piperazine, vinyl piperidine, and vinyl pyridine.

60. The battery of claim 51, wherein the poly(alkylene oxide) moiety includes an oxygen linked directly to a silicon in the one or more first siloxanes and/or the one or more first silanes.

61. The battery of claim 51, wherein the solvent includes one or more components selected from the group consisting of the first siloxanes and the second siloxanes;

wherein the one or more components are each a disiloxane.

62. The battery of claim 51, wherein the one or more organoborate salts includes a dihalo mono[bidentate] borate.

63. The battery of claim 51, wherein the one or more organoborate salts includes one or more salts according to:

64. The battery of claim 51, wherein the one or more organoborate salts includes lithium difluoro oxalatoborate (LiDfOB).

65. The battery of claim 51, wherein the solvent includes the one or more second siloxanes and one or more of the second siloxanes is represented by:

66. The battery of claim 51, wherein the solvent includes the one or more second siloxanes and one or more of the second siloxanes is represented by:

67. The battery of claim 51, wherein the solvent includes the one or more second siloxanes and one or more of the second siloxanes is represented by:

68. The battery of claim 51, wherein the solvent includes the one or more first siloxane and one or more of the first siloxanes is represented by:

69. The battery of claim 51, wherein the solvent includes the one or more second siloxanes and one or more of the second siloxanes is represented by:

70. The battery of claim 51, wherein the solvent includes one or more of the first siloxanes and at least one of the first siloxanes is a tetrasiloxane, a trisiloxane or a disiloxane.

71. The battery of claim 51, wherein the solvent includes one or more of the second siloxanes and at least one of the second siloxanes is a teirasiloxane, a trisiloxane or a disiloxane.

72. A battery comprising:

an electrolyte activating one or more anodes and one or more cathodes, the electrolyte including one or more salts dissolved in a solvent;

the solvent including

one or more first siloxanes and/or one or more first silanes, each of the first siloxanes and/or first silanes having one or more first substituents that each include a poly(alkylene oxide) moiety and each of the first siloxanes and/or first silanes excludes a cyclic carbonate moiety, and

one or more second siloxanes and/or one or more second silanes, each of the second siloxanes and/or second silanes having one or more second substituents that each include a carbonate moiety, and

one or more additives selected from a group consisting of o-phenylene carbonate, vinyl carbonate (VC), vinyl ethylene carbonate (VEC), ethylene sulfite (ES), propylene sulfite (PS), 1,3 dimethyl butadiene, styrene carbonate, an aromatic carbonate, vinyl pyrrole, vinyl piperazine, vinyl piperidine, and vinyl pyridine.

73. The battery of claim 72, wherein the one or more of the additives is selected from a group consisting of vinyl carbonate (VC), vinyl ethylene carbonate (VEC), ethylene sulfite (ES), propylene sulfite (PS), and phenyl ethylene carbonate (PhEC).

74. The battery of claim 72, wherein the one or more of the additives is selected from a group consisting of vinyl carbonate (VC), and vinyl ethylene carbonate (VEC).

75. The battery of claim 72, wherein one or more of the first substituents is a noncrosslinking side-chain.

76. The battery of claim 72, wherein the carbonate moiety is a cyclic carbonate moiety.

77. The battery of claim 72, wherein the poly(alkylene oxide) moiety includes an oxygen linked directly to a silicon in the one or more first siloxanes and/or the one or more first silanes.

78. The battery of claim 72, wherein the solvent includes one or more components selected from the group, consisting of the first siloxanes and the second siloxanes, wherein the one or more components are each a disiloxane.

79. The battery of claim 72, wherein the solvent includes the one or more second siloxanes and one or more of the second siloxanes is represented by:

80. The battery of claim 72, wherein the solvent includes the one or more second siloxanes and one or more of the second siloxanes is represented by:

81. The battery of claim 72, wherein the solvent includes the one or more second siloxanes and one or more of the second siloxanes is represented by

82. The battery of claim 72, wherein the solvent includes the one or more first siloxane and one or more of the first siloxanes is represented by:

83. The battery of claim 72, wherein the solvent includes the one or more second siloxanes and one or more of the second siloxanes is represented by

84. The battery of claim 72, wherein the solvent includes one or more of the first siloxanes and at least one of the first siloxanes is a tetrasiloxane, a trisiloxane or a disiloxane.

85. The battery of claim 72, wherein the solvent includes one or more of the second siloxanes and at least one of the second siloxanes is a tetrasiloxane, a trisiloxane or a disiloxane.

86. A battery comprising:

an electrolyte activating one or more anodes and one or more cathodes, the electrolyte including one or more salts dissolved in a solvent, the solvent including

one or more first siloxanes and/or one or more first silanes, each of the first siloxanes and/or first silanes having one or more first substituents that each include a poly(alkylene oxide) moiety and each of the first siloxanes and/or first silanes excludes a cyclic carbonate moiety; and

one or more second siloxanes and/or one or more second silanes, each of the second siloxanes and/or second silanes having one or more second substituents that each include a carbonate moiety; and

the solvent including one or more components selected from the group consisting of the firstsiloxanes and the second siloxanes, wherein the one or more components are each a trisiloxane.

87. The battery of claim 86, wherein one or more of the first substituents is a nonerosslinking side-chain.

88. The battery of claim 86, wherein the poly(alkylene oxide) moiety includes an oxygen linked directly to a silicon in the one or more first siloxanes and/or the one or more first silanes.

89. The battery of claim 86, wherein one of the one or more components is represented by:

90. The battery of claim 86, wherein one of the one or more components is represented by: