Devices and processes for nucleic acid extraction

• US 8,163,535 B2
• Filed: 01/02/2009
• Issued: 04/24/2012
• Est. Priority Date: 06/26/2006
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Blood Cell Storage, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Blood Cell Storage, Inc.
• Inventors: Reed, Michael W., Nanassy, Oliver Z., Haydock, Paul V., Sharma, Nigel Rudra, Bardell, Ronald L., Hargrave, Perry
• Primary Examiner(s): FORMAN, BETTY J
• Application Number:
  US12/348,244
• Publication Number:
  US 20090215125A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,208 Days
• Field of Search: None
• US Class Current: 435/283.1
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2200/027 for microfluidic devices
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2200/10 Integrating sample preparation and analysis in single entity, e.g. lab-on-a-chip concept
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2300/0645 Electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2300/0816 Cards, e.g. flat sample carriers usually with flow in two horizontal directions
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2300/0861 Configuration of multiple channels and/or chambers in a single devices
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2300/0864 comprising only one inlet and multiple receiving wells, e.g. for separation, splitting
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2300/087 Multiple sequential chambers
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2300/0887 Laminated structure
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2300/1827 using resistive heater
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2400/0406 capillary forces
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2400/0457 passive flow or gravitation
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2400/0487 fluid pressure, pneumatics
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2400/0622 distribution valves, valves having multiple inlets and/or outlets, e.g. metering valves, multi-way valves
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2400/0688 surface tension valves, capillary stop, capillary break
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2400/084 Passive control of flow resistance
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 3/5027 by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip B01L3/5023 takes precedence; micromixers B01F33/30; microreactors for synthesis B01J19/0093; microcapillary devices in general B81B1/00
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 3/502715 characterised by interfacing components, e.g. fluidic, electrical, optical or mechanical interfaces
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 7/525 with physical movement of samples between temperature zones
• CPC Class Codes: C12Q 1/6806 Preparing nucleic acids for analysis, e.g. for polymerase chain reaction [PCR] assay C12Q1/6804 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: C12Q 1/6834 Enzymatic or biochemical coupling of nucleic acids to a solid phase
• CPC Class Codes: C12Q 1/6851 : Quantitative amplification
• CPC Class Codes: C12Q 2563/173 : staining/intercalating agent, e.g. ethidium bromide
• CPC Class Codes: C12Q 2565/137 : Chromatographic separation
• CPC Class Codes: C12Q 2565/629 : being a microfluidic device

Abstract

Devices, processes, and kits for the extraction of nucleic acids from biological samples are disclosed. The devices comprise a first port, a second port, and a binding chamber intermediate and in fluid communication with the first port and the second port. The binding chamber comprises an unmodified flat glass surface effective for binding a heterogeneous population of nucleic acids. The first port, second port, and binding chamber define a continuous fluid pathway that is essentially free of nucleic acid-specific binding sites.

Claims

1. A device comprising:

(i) a body member having a plurality of external surfaces and fabricated to contain a single continuous fluid pathway therethrough, the pathway consisting essentially of;

a first channel;

a second channel;

a binding channel between the first channel and the second channel, wherein the binding channel is open to one of the external surfaces of the body member;

a plurality of ports, wherein at least one of the ports is in fluid communication with the first channel distal to the binding channel, and wherein at least another of the ports is in fluid communication with the second channel distal to the binding channel; and

(ii) a glass member affixed to said one of the external surfaces of the body member to provide a first unmodified flat glass surface in fluid communication with the binding channel,

wherein the binding channel and glass member define a binding chamber effective for binding a heterogeneous population of nucleic acids, wherein the binding channel is a planar serpentine channel comprising a series of linear segments connected by curved segments having a narrower cross-section than the linear segments, and wherein the fluid pathway is essentially free of nucleic acid-specific binding sites.

2. The device of claim 1 wherein the binding channel is open to a second of the external surfaces of the body member and wherein the device further comprises a second glass member affixed to the second external surface of the body member to provide a second unmodified flat glass surface in fluid communication with the binding channel.

3. The device of claim 1 wherein the body member comprises a plurality of layered sheets of solid material selected from the group consisting of organic polymeric materials and glass.

4. The device of claim 1 wherein the body member comprises a plurality of layered sheets of solid material selected from the group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate, cellulose acetate, acrylic, polycarbonate, polypropylene, and polyvinylchloride.

5. The device of claim 1 wherein at least one of the ports comprises a Luer-lock fitting, an O-ring, a gasket, a tubing stub, or an elastomeric septum.

6. The device of claim 1 wherein the binding chamber is rectangular in cross-section.

7. The device of claim 1 further comprising a pump in fluid communication with the first port.

8. The device of claim 7 further comprising fluid distribution control means in fluid communication with the pump.

9. The device of claim 8 wherein the fluid distribution control means comprises a programmable computer.

10. The device of claim 1, consisting essentially of:

(i) a body member having a plurality of external surfaces and fabricated to contain a single continuous fluid pathway therethrough, the pathway consisting essentially of;

a first channel;

a second channel;

a binding channel between the first channel and the second channel, wherein the binding channel is open to first and second external surfaces of the body member; and

a plurality of ports, wherein at least one of the ports is in fluid communication with the first channel distal to the binding channel, and wherein at least another of the ports is in fluid communication with the second channel distal to the binding channel;

(ii) a first glass member affixed to the first external surface of the body member to provide a first unmodified flat glass surface in fluid communication with the binding channel; and

(iii) a second glass member affixed to the second external surface of the body member to provide a second unmodified flat glass surface in fluid communication with the binding channel,

wherein the binding channel, first glass member, and second glass member define a binding chamber effective for binding a heterogeneous population of nucleic acids, wherein the binding channel is a planar serpentine channel comprising a series of linear segments connected by curved segments having a narrower cross-section than the linear segments, and wherein the fluid pathway is essentially free of nucleic acid-specific binding sites.

11. A process for extracting nucleic acid from a biological sample comprising:

introducing a nucleic acid-containing sample into the binding chamber of the device of claim 1 via one of the ports;

allowing nucleic acid in the sample to bind to the unmodified flat glass surface;

washing the binding chamber to remove contaminants; and

eluting bound nucleic acid from the unmodified flat glass surface.

12. The process of claim 11 further comprising lysing a cell sample to prepare the nucleic acid-containing sample.

13. The process of claim 11 wherein the nucleic acid-containing sample contains human nucleic acid.

14. The process of claim 11 wherein the nucleic acid-containing sample contains non-human nucleic acid.

15. The process of claim 11 wherein the nucleic acid is DNA.

16. The process of claim 15 wherein the DNA is genomic DNA.

17. The process of claim 11 wherein bound nucleic acid is eluted with a buffer containing a fluorescent compound that exhibits a change in fluorescence intensity in the presence of nucleic acids.

18. The process of claim 11 wherein flow of liquid through the binding chamber is laminar.

19. The process of claim 11 comprising the additional step of amplifying the eluted nucleic acid.

20. The process of claim 19 wherein the amplifying step comprises isothermal amplification.

21. The process of claim 11 further comprising drying the washed binding chamber prior to eluting the bound nucleic acid.

22. A process for extracting nucleic acid from a biological sample comprising:

introducing a nucleic acid-containing sample into the binding chamber of the device of claim 1 via one of the ports;

allowing nucleic acid in the sample to bind to the unmodified flat glass surface;

washing the binding chamber to remove contaminants; and

drying the washed binding chamber.

23. A kit comprising:

the device of claim 1; and

a buffer in a sealed container, wherein the buffer is a lysis buffer, a wash buffer, or an elution buffer.

24. The kit of claim 23 wherein the buffer is an elution buffer comprising a fluorescent compound that exhibits a change in fluorescence intensity in the presence of nucleic acids.

25. The kit of claim 24 wherein the compound is a bis-benzimidine compound.

26. The kit of claim 23 further comprising a second buffer in a second sealed container, wherein the second buffer is a lysis buffer or a wash buffer.

27. The kit of claim 23 further comprising an instruction document.