Space-filling miniature antennas
First Claim
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1. An apparatus comprising:
- a single antenna in which a perimeter of the single antenna is shaped as a substantially non-periodic curve;
said non-periodic curve comprises a multiplicity of connected segments, each segment is shorter than one tenth of at least one operating free-space wavelength of the antenna; and
the single antenna simultaneously receives electromagnetic waves of at least a first and a second operating wavelength and radiates at multiple operating wavelengths, the first operating wavelength corresponds to an operating wavelength within a first frequency band of a first cellular telephone system and the second operating wavelength corresponds to an operating wavelength within a second frequency band of a second cellular telephone system, the first and second frequency bands being non-overlapping.
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Abstract
A novel geometry, the geometry of Space-Filling Curves (SFC) is defined in the present invention and it is used to shape a part of an antenna. By means of this novel technique, the size of the antenna can be reduced with respect to prior art, or alternatively, given a fixed size the antenna can operate at a lower frequency with respect to a conventional antenna of the same size.
264 Citations
33 Claims
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1. An apparatus comprising:
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a single antenna in which a perimeter of the single antenna is shaped as a substantially non-periodic curve; said non-periodic curve comprises a multiplicity of connected segments, each segment is shorter than one tenth of at least one operating free-space wavelength of the antenna; and the single antenna simultaneously receives electromagnetic waves of at least a first and a second operating wavelength and radiates at multiple operating wavelengths, the first operating wavelength corresponds to an operating wavelength within a first frequency band of a first cellular telephone system and the second operating wavelength corresponds to an operating wavelength within a second frequency band of a second cellular telephone system, the first and second frequency bands being non-overlapping. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13)
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14. An antenna, comprising:
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a single radiating element having a surface that radiates and receives electromagnetic waves, an entirety of an edge enclosing the surface is defined by a multi-segment, irregular curve, each of said segments being spatially arranged such that no two adjacent and connected segments form another longer straight segment and none of said segments intersects with another segment other than at the beginning and at the end of said multi-segment, irregular curve to form a closed loop; the antenna radiates at multiple different operating wavelengths at least two of the multiple different operating wavelengths respectively correspond to operating wavelengths of two cellular telephone systems; and the multi-segment curve has a box-counting dimension larger than one, the box-counting dimension computed as the slope of a substantially straight portion of a line in a log-log graph over at least one octave of scales on a horizontal axis of the log-log graph. - View Dependent Claims (15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23)
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24. An apparatus, comprising:
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a single antenna in which an entirety of an edge of the single antenna is shaped as a substantially non-periodic curve; said non-periodic curve is shaped so that an arrangement of said non-periodic curve includes a set of multiple segments that are not self-similar with respect to the entire curve, and said curve has a physical length larger than that of any straight line that can be fitted in the same area in which said curve can be arranged; the non-periodic curve has a box counting dimension larger than one, the box-counting dimension computed as the slope of a substantially straight portion of a line in a log-log graph over at least one octave of scales on a horizontal axis of the log-log graph; the antenna radiates at multiple different operating wavelengths; and at least one of the multiple different operating wavelengths corresponds to an operating wavelength of a cellular telephone system. - View Dependent Claims (25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33)
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Specification