Radio-frequency identification tag with oscillator calibration

• US 8,224,610 B2
• Filed: 07/26/2006
• Issued: 07/17/2012
• Est. Priority Date: 04/13/2004
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Impinj, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Impinj, Inc.
• Inventors: Diorio, Christopher J., Gutnik, Vadim, Humes, Todd E.
• Primary Examiner(s): Charioui, Mohamed
• Assistant Examiner(s): SUAREZ, FELIX E
• Application Number:
  US11/460,200
• Publication Number:
  US 20070001856A1
• Time in Patent Office: 2,183 Days
• Field of Search: 702/75, 702/79, 702/85, 702/86, 702/106, 702/107, 702/179, 702/183, 219/626, 327/536, 340/10.5
• US Class Current: 702/107
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/0723 the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs
• CPC Class Codes: G06K 19/0726 the arrangement including a circuit for tuning the resonance frequency of an antenna on the record carrier

Abstract

A method of calibrating an oscillator within a Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) tag includes storing a plurality of calibration values within a memory structure. Each of the calibration values corresponds to a respective oscillation frequency of the oscillator. A selected calibration value is selected from the plurality of calibration values stored, according to a first selection criterion. The oscillator is then calibrated in accordance with the selected calibration value.

Claims

1. A Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) tag comprising:

an antenna; and

an integrated circuit coupled to the antenna, comprising;

an oscillator; and

a tag controller to enter a programming operation distinct from an interrogation operation in response to receiving a calibration command from an RFID reader and to select a selected calibration value, from a plurality of calibration values stored within a memory structure, according to a first selection criterion, each of the calibration values corresponding to a respective oscillation frequency of the oscillator, and the oscillator being operationally calibrated utilizing the selected calibration value for subsequent use in the interrogation operation.

2. The RFID tag of claim 1, wherein the tag controller is to receive the calibration command, and an associated update value, and to store at least one of the plurality of calibration values within the memory structure responsive to the at least one calibration command.

3. The RFID tag of claim 2, wherein the tag controller is to generate at least a first calibration value of the plurality of calibration values within the RFID tag, and wherein the update value is a modification value by which a second calibration value, previously generated within the RFID tag, is modified by the tag controller to generate the first calibration value.

4. The RFID tag of claim 3, wherein the tag controller is to at least one of increment or decrement the second calibration value by the modification value to thereby generate the first calibration value.

5. The RFID tag of claim 2, wherein the update value is equal to a first calibration value of the at least one of the plurality of calibration values, the update value having been generated in a calibration device external to the RFID tag, and wherein the tag controller is to store the update value as the first calibration value within the memory structure.

6. The RFID tag of claim 1, wherein the first selection criterion includes any one of a group of selection criterion including a mode of operation of the RFID tag, a selection command received at the RFID tag, an ambient condition applicable to the RFID tag, and an internal voltage applicable to the RFID tag.

7. The RFID tag of claim 1, wherein the tag controller is to determine at least one of the plurality of calibration values based on a radio-frequency signal received at the RFID tag from the RFID reader, and to store the at least one calibration value in the memory structure.

8. The RFID tag of claim 1, wherein the memory structure includes a non-volatile memory and a volatile memory, at least one of the plurality of calibration values being stored within the non-volatile memory, and at least a further one of the plurality of calibration values being stored within the volatile memory.

9. The RFID tag of claim 8, wherein the at least one calibration value stored in the non-volatile memory is not related to a frequency of a radio-frequency signal received at the RFID tag from the RFID reader, the oscillator utilizing the at least one calibration value stored in the non-volatile memory to generate a modulator clock signal to be supplied to a modulator of the RFID tag.

10. The RFID tag of claim 8, wherein the at least one further calibration value stored in the volatile memory is derived from a radio-frequency signal received at the RFID tag from the RFID reader, the oscillator utilizing the at least one further calibration value to generate a demodulation clock signal to be supplied to a demodulator of the RFID tag.

11. A method for calibrating an oscillator within a radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag, the method comprising:

entering a programming operation distinct from an interrogation operation in response to receiving a calibration command from an RFID reader;

storing at least one of a plurality of calibration values within a non-volatile memory and at least one other of the plurality of calibration values in a volatile memory of a memory structure associated with the RFID tag, each of the calibration values corresponding to a respective oscillation frequency of the oscillator;

selecting a selected calibration value, from the plurality of calibration values stored within the memory structure, according to a first selection criterion; and

calibrating the oscillator in accordance with the selected calibration value for subsequent use in the interrogation operation.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the storing of the plurality of calibration values within the memory structure includes receiving the calibration command, and an associated update value, at the RFID tag.

13. The method of claim 11, including generating at least a first calibration value of the plurality of calibration values within the RFID tag, the update value being a modification value by which a second calibration value, previously generated within the RFID tag, is modified to generate the first calibration value.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the generating of the first calibration value includes at least one of incrementing or decrementing the second calibration value by the modification value to thereby generate the first calibration value.

15. The method of claim 12, wherein the update value is equal to a first calibration value of the plurality of calibration values, the update value having been generated in a calibration device external to the RFID tag.

16. The method of claim 11, wherein the first selection criterion includes any one of a group of selection criterion including a mode of operation of the RFID tag, a selection command received at the RFID tag, an ambient condition applicable to the RFID tag, and an internal voltage applicable to the RFID tag.

17. The method of claim 11, wherein the storing of the plurality of calibration values within the memory structure includes determining at least one of the plurality of calibration values based on a radio-frequency signal received at the RFID tag from the RFID reader, and storing the at least one calibration value in the memory structure.

18. The method of claim 11, wherein the at least one calibration value stored in the non-volatile memory is not related to a frequency of a radio-frequency signal received at the RFID tag from the RFID reader, the method including utilizing the at least one calibration value stored in the non-volatile memory to generate a modulator clock signal to be supplied to a modulator of the RFID tag.

19. A radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag comprising:

antenna means for transmitting and receiving wireless communications from an RFID reader; and

integrated circuit means for performing tag operations, comprising;

first means for entering a programming operation distinct from an interrogation operation in response to receiving a calibration command from an RFID reader and selecting a selected calibration value, from a plurality of calibration values stored within a memory structure associated with the RFID tag, according to a first selection criterion; and

second means for generating a frequency signal in accordance with the selected calibration value for subsequent use in the interrogation operation.

20. The RFID tag of claim 19, wherein the first means is for receiving at least one calibration command, and an associated update value, and for storing at least one of the plurality of calibration values within the memory structure responsive to the at least one calibration command.

21. The RFID tag of claim 19, wherein the first means is for generating at least a first calibration value of the plurality of calibration values within the RFID tag, and wherein the update value is a modification value by which a second calibration value, previously generated within the RFID tag, is modified by the first means to generate the first calibration value.

22. The RFID tag of claim 21, wherein the first means is for at least one of incrementing or decrementing the second calibration value by the modification value to thereby generate the first calibration value.

23. The RFID tag of claim 20, wherein the update value is equal to a first calibration value of the plurality of calibration values, the update value having been generated in a calibration device external to the RFID tag, and wherein the first means is for storing the update value as the first calibration value within the memory structure.