Microfluidic devices with separable actuation and fluid-bearing modules

• US 8,245,731 B2
• Filed: 07/19/2010
• Issued: 08/21/2012
• Est. Priority Date: 05/10/2004
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Aerospace Corporation
• Original Assignee: Aerospace Corporation
• Inventors: Welle, Richard P.
• Primary Examiner(s): SCHNEIDER, CRAIG M
• Application Number:
  US12/839,339
• Publication Number:
  US 20110100495A1
• Time in Patent Office: 764 Days
• Field of Search: 137/827, 137/828, 137/833, 137/269, 137/270, 137/271, 137/831, 435/287.1, 435/287.2
• US Class Current: 137/828
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2300/1822 using Peltier elements
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 2400/0677 phase change valves; Meltable, freezing, dissolvable plugs; Destructible barriers
• CPC Class Codes: B01L 3/502738 characterised by integrated valves microvalves F16K99/0001
• CPC Class Codes: F15C 5/00 Manufacture of fluid circuit elements; Manufacture of assemblages of such elements integrated circuits
• CPC Class Codes: F16K 2099/0084 Chemistry or biology, e.g. "lab-on-a-chip" technology
• CPC Class Codes: F16K 99/0001 Microvalves microdevices B81B1/00; manufacture or treatment of devices or systems in or on a substrate B81C1/00; microfluidic structures B01L3/5027; micropumps F04B19/006
• CPC Class Codes: F16K 99/0003 Constructional types of microvalves; Details of the cutting-off member
• CPC Class Codes: F16K 99/0021 No-moving-parts valves
• CPC Class Codes: F16K 99/0044 using thermo-electric means
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 137/2191 By non-fluid energy field affecting input [e.g., transducer]
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 137/2196 Acoustical or thermal energy
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 137/2213 Electrically-actuated element [e.g., electro-mechanical transducer]
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 137/2224 Structure of body of device
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 137/5283 Units interchangeable between alternate locations

Abstract

A fluid transport/containment apparatus includes a fluid-bearing module and an actuation module. The fluid-bearing module includes a substrate and fluid transport/containment elements distributed therein, with one or more of the fluid transport/containment elements having microfluidic dimensions. The actuation module is detachably secured to the fluid-bearing module such that the actuation elements are operatively interfaced with the fluid transport/containment elements.

Claims

1. A fluid transport/containment apparatus comprising:

a fluid-bearing module including a substrate and fluid transport/containment elements therein, wherein at least one of the fluid transport/containment elements has a predefined microfluidic dimension; and

an actuation module including actuation elements, the actuation module being detachably secured to the fluid-bearing module such that the actuation elements are operatively interfaced with the fluid transport/containment elements,

the actuation module remaining an integral unit when detached from the fluid-bearing module,

wherein the at least one fluid/transport containment element has a predefined depth of less than 25 microns.

2. A fluid transport/containment apparatus comprising:

a fluid-bearing module including a substrate and fluid transport/containment elements therein, wherein at least one of the fluid transport/containment elements has a predefined microfluidic dimension; and

an actuation module including actuation elements, the actuation module being detachably secured to the fluid-bearing module such that the actuation elements are operatively interfaced with the fluid transport/containment elements,

the actuation module remaining an integral unit when detached from the fluid-bearing module,

further comprising a fluid-impermeable layer disposed between the substrate and the actuation module,

wherein the fluid-impermeable layer comprises stainless steel.

3. A fluid transport/containment apparatus comprising:

a fluid-bearing module including a substrate and fluid transport/containment elements therein, wherein at least one of the fluid transport/containment elements has a predefined microfluidic dimension; and

an actuation module including actuation elements, the actuation module being detachably secured to the fluid-bearing module such that the actuation elements are operatively interfaced with the fluid transport/containment elements,

the actuation module remaining an integral unit when detached from the fluid-bearing module,

wherein the fluid transport/containment elements comprise a main flow channel and a variable volume cell that meet at a junction, at least one of the main flow channel and the variable volume cell having microfluidic dimensions; and

wherein the actuation elements comprise a pair of valves positioned adjacent to the main flow channel at opposite sides of the junction, the valves of the pair being selectably controllable to open and close the main flow channel at the opposite sides of the junction, the actuation module including means for changing a volume of the variable volume cell such that, in conjunction with selectively controlling the valves of the pair, a pump is provided.

4. The fluid transport/containment apparatus of claim 3, wherein the valves comprise a Peltier-actuated valve.

5. The fluid transport/containment apparatus of claim 3, wherein the means for changing the volume includes an electromechanical actuation mechanism adjacent to the variable volume cell.

6. The fluid transport/containment apparatus of claim 5, wherein the fluid-bearing module includes a flexible membrane facing the electromechanical actuation mechanism.

7. The fluid transport/containment apparatus of claim 3, wherein the fluid-bearing module includes a flexible membrane enclosing the variable volume cell.

8. The fluid transport/containment apparatus of claim 7, wherein the flexible membrane is spring-loaded.

9. The fluid transport/containment apparatus of claim 6, wherein the electromechanical actuation mechanism includes a plunger member and a drive mechanism.

10. The fluid transport/containment apparatus of claim 3, wherein the means for changing the volume includes an electromagnetic actuation mechanism adjacent to the variable volume cell.

11. The fluid transport/containment apparatus of claim 10, wherein the electromagnetic actuation mechanism includes an electromagnetic coil, and the fluid-bearing module includes a magnet mechanically coupled to the variable volume cell.

12. The fluid transport/containment apparatus of claim 3, wherein the means for changing the volume includes a thermal actuation mechanism adjacent to the variable volume cell.

13. The fluid transport/containment apparatus of claim 12, wherein the thermal actuation mechanism comprises a Peltier heating/cooling element.

14. The fluid transport/containment apparatus of claim 3, wherein the fluid-bearing module includes one or more control fluids within the variable volume cell.

15. The fluid transport/containment apparatus of claim 3, wherein the fluid-bearing module includes one or more bi-phase materials within the variable volume cell.