Method and apparatus for intra-body ultrasound communication

• US 8,290,598 B2
• Filed: 02/10/2010
• Issued: 10/16/2012
• Est. Priority Date: 02/11/2009
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Cardiac Pacemakers Incorporated (Boston Scientific Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Cardiac Pacemakers Incorporated (Boston Scientific Corporation)
• Inventors: Boon, Scot C., Maile, Keith R., Linder, William J., Huelskamp, Paul, Vijayagopal, Ramprasad
• Primary Examiner(s): Gedeon, Brian T
• Application Number:
  US12/703,427
• Publication Number:
  US 20100204758A1
• Time in Patent Office: 979 Days
• Field of Search: 607 30- 32, 607/60, 607/61, 607/76
• US Class Current: 607/61
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 7/04 Electric stethoscopes microphones, acoustic transducers therefor H04R
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/37217 characterised by the communication link, e.g. acoustic or tactile
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/3727 characterised by the modulation technique
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 11/00 Transmission systems employing sonic, ultrasonic or infrasonic waves
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 13/005 Transmission systems in which the medium consists of the human body

Abstract

An intra-body ultrasonic signal can be converted into a first electrical signal, a local oscillator signal can be generated in an implantable system. The first electrical signal and the local oscillator signal can be mixed in an implantable system, such as to generate a demodulated signal, processed, such as using a filter. The filtered, demodulated signal can be further processed, such as implantably determining a peak amplitude of the first portion of the demodulated signal received from the filter over a time interval, implantably generating a dynamic tracking threshold that starts at an amplitude proportional the first portion of the demodulated signal and exponentially decays over a time interval, and determining a noise floor in the absence of a received intra-body ultrasonic signal and implantably comparing the peak amplitude and the tracking threshold and generate the digital output based on the difference.

Claims

1. An implantable system comprising:

a first ultrasonic transducer configured to receive an intra-body ultrasonic amplitude-modulated (AM) signal provided by a second implantable ultrasonic transducer and configured to convert the ultrasonic AM signal to a first electrical signal having a first frequency; and

an ultrasonic receiver, coupled to the first ultrasonic transducer, configured to receive the first electrical signal and generate a digital output associated with the ultrasonic signal, the ultrasonic receiver including;

a local oscillator configured to generate a second electrical signal having a second frequency;

a mixer coupled to the local oscillator, configured to mix the received electrical signal and the second electrical signal and generate a demodulated signal;

a filter coupled to the mixer, configured to pass a first portion of the demodulated signal having a frequency range with a center frequency equal to the difference between the first frequency and the second frequency; and

a detector coupled to the filter and configured to receive the first portion of the demodulated signal, the detector including;

a peak detector configured to determine a peak amplitude of the first portion of the demodulated signal received from the filter over a time interval and to determine a noise floor and use the noise floor to dynamically adjust the maximum sensitivity of the detector;

a threshold generator to generate a dynamic signal tracking threshold that starts at a value that is proportional to the first portion of the demodulated signal that then exponentially decays over a time interval; and

a comparator to compare the peak amplitude and the dynamic signal tracking threshold and generate the digital output based on the difference.

2. The implantable system of claim 1, comprising:

a preamplifier coupled between the first ultrasonic transducer and the mixer, the preamplifier configured to amplify the first electrical signal received from the first ultrasonic transducer and provide an amplified first electrical signal to the mixer.

3. The implantable system of claim 2, wherein the preamplifier includes a voltage amplifier.

4. The implantable system of claim 1, wherein the second frequency is substantially equal to the first frequency.

5. The implantable system of claim 4, wherein the second electrical signal has a frequency in the range of about 1 kHz to about 1 MHz.

6. The implantable system of claim 1, wherein the filter includes a switched capacitor filter configured to cancel DC offsets.

7. The implantable system of claim 6, where the switched capacitor filter is sampled at a rate that places the maximum attenuation in the frequency response at an unwanted summation product of an output signal received from the mixer.

8. The implantable system of claim 1, wherein the preamplifier includes at least one transistor configured to operate in a weak inversion mode.

9. The implantable system of claim 1, wherein the first electrical signal received from the transducer is divided into an in-phase (I) channel and a quadrature (Q) channel, to perform quadrature demodulation.

10. The implantable system of claim 9, wherein the in-phase (I) channel includes the mixer and the filter, and the quadrature (Q) channel includes a second mixer and a second filter.

11. The implantable system of claim 1, comprising a rectifier to rectify the first portion of the demodulated signal.

12. The implantable system of claim 1, wherein one of an on-off keying (OOK) protocol or a frequency shift keying (FSK) modulation scheme is used to transmit data having logical ones and zeros.

13. The implantable system of claim 1, wherein the digital output is used to control an up/down counter, wherein the up/down counter counts up when the output is high and counts down when the output is low, and wherein a specified counter output is used as a threshold value to determine whether a desired signal has been detected.

14. The implantable system of claim 13, where, upon detection of the desired signal, a time interval is started to prevent further detections.

15. The implantable system of claim 1, wherein the second ultrasonic transducer is included in the implantable system.

16. The implantable system of claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic receiver is configured to communicate wirelessly with an external device.

17. A method for intra-body communication, comprising:

implantably converting an intra-body ultrasonic signal to a first electrical signal having a first frequency;

implantably generating a local oscillator signal, at a second frequency;

implantably mixing the first electrical signal and the local oscillator signal to generate a demodulated signal;

implantably filtering the demodulated signal to pass a first portion of the demodulated signal having a frequency range with a center frequency equal to the difference between the first frequency and the second frequency;

implantably determining a maximum peak amplitude of the first portion of the demodulated signal;

implantably generating a dynamic tracking threshold that includes a first portion having an amplitude proportional to the amplitude of the demodulated signal and a second portion where the amplitude exponentially decays over a time interval;

implantably determining and establishing a programmable noise floor in the absence of a received intra-body ultrasonic signal;

implantably comparing the maximum peak amplitude and the dynamic tracking threshold and generating a digital output based on the difference between the maximum peak amplitude and the dynamic tracking threshold; and

implantably limiting the maximum peak amplitude to prevent a sudden large peak which inhibits detection of subsequent peaks.

18. The method of claim 17, comprising amplifying the electrical signal to generate an amplified electrical signal before mixing the carrier signal with the amplified electrical signal.

19. The method of claim 17, wherein implantably generating a carrier signal includes implantably generating a carrier signal having a carrier frequency substantially equal to the frequency of the received intra-body ultrasonic signal.

20. The method of claim 17, comprising using the maximum peak to adjust dynamically the gain of a filter used for filtering the demodulated signal.