Detecting media areas likely of hosting watermarks

• US 8,301,893 B2
• Filed: 10/23/2007
• Issued: 10/30/2012
• Est. Priority Date: 08/13/2003
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Digimarc Corporation
• Original Assignee: Digimarc Corporation
• Inventors: Brundage, Trent J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Song, Hosuk
• Assistant Examiner(s): MORAN, RANDAL D
• Application Number:
  US11/877,463
• Publication Number:
  US 20080149713A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,834 Days
• Field of Search: 713/176, 382173-180, 358/3.28
• US Class Current: 713/176
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 1/0071 using multiple or alternating watermarks
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2201/0601 whereby calibration information is embedded in the watermark, e.g. a grid, a scale, a list of transformations
• CPC Class Codes: G07D 7/0043 using barcodes
• CPC Class Codes: G07D 7/0047 using checkcodes, e.g. coded numbers derived from serial number and denomination
• CPC Class Codes: G07D 7/0053 involving markings added to a pattern, e.g. interstitial points
• CPC Class Codes: G07D 7/04 Testing magnetic properties of the materials thereof, e.g. by detection of magnetic imprint G07D7/01 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G07F 7/082 Features insuring the integrity of the data on or in the card

Abstract

The present invention relates generally to digital watermarking and steganographic encoding. One claim recites a method including: receiving data corresponding to at least a portion of digital data; separating the data into a plurality of portions; determining a measure relative to a predetermined measure for each of the portions, wherein the measure comprises a measure related to a predetermined digital watermark signal; based at least in part on the measure, identifying which out of the plurality of portions are likely to host digital watermarking therein. Of course, other combinations are provided as well.

Claims

1. A method of identifying portions of digital data suspected to include digital watermark data, the method comprising:

segregating, via a decoder, digital data into a plurality of windows, wherein the digital data corresponds to a single media object having first and second different areas conveying first and second different digital watermarks, respectively, wherein the first digital watermark includes a first orientation component and the second digital watermark includes a second orientation component, wherein the first and second orientation components provide information regarding distortion of the first and second digital watermarks, respectively, wherein the first orientation component is embedded so as to represent a first orientation, and wherein the second orientation component is embedded so as to represent a second different orientation;

for each of the plurality of windows, determining an orientation measure via the decoder;

grouping the windows based on the orientation measures via the decoder; and

selecting, via the decoder, at least two of the groups based on at least one of a number of windows assigned to a group or a collective watermark strength for a group, wherein the windows within the selected groups include the portions of the digital data that are suspected to include digital watermark data.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the two groups are distinguished based on orientation measure.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the orientation measure comprises a relative scale and a relative rotation.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the orientation measure further comprises a relative translation.

5. The method of claim 1, further comprising analyzing only the windows within the two groups to detect a watermark message.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the printed document comprises at least one of an identification document and a financial document.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the grouping comprises generating a histogram.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the histogram represents a number of windows over given orientations.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the histogram identifies predominate watermark orientation components.

10. The method of claim 1, in which the selecting at least two of the groups is based on at least one of a number of windows assigned to a group and on a collective watermark strength for a group.

11. A method of identifying portions of digital data suspected to include digital watermark data, the method comprising:

receiving, at a decoder, optically scanned image data that corresponds with at least a portion of the printed document, wherein the image data corresponds to a printed document having a first area and a second area conveying first and second digital watermarks, respectively, wherein the first digital watermark includes a first orientation component and the second digital watermark includes a second orientation component, wherein the first and second orientation components provide information regarding distortion of the first and second digital watermarks, respectively, wherein the first orientation component is embedded so as to represent a first orientation, and wherein the second orientation component is embedded so as to represent a second different orientation;

segmenting the image data into a plurality of image portions via the decoder;

determining, via the decoder, an orientation measure relative to a predetermined orientation for each of the image portions;

identifying, via the decoder, the first area by associating image portions having a first orientation measure; and

identifying, via the decoder, the second area by associating image portions having a second orientation measure.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the first orientation measure and the second orientation measure are each associated with a higher number of image portions when compared to other orientation measures.

13. The method of claim 11, wherein the orientation measure corresponds to a relative scale and a relative rotation.

14. The method of claim 11, wherein the printed document comprises at least one of a financial document and an identification document.

15. The method of claim 11, wherein the first orientation comprises a first scale, and the second different orientation comprises a second different scale.

16. A method comprising:

receiving, at a decoder, data corresponding to at least a portion of digital data, wherein the data corresponds to an image having a first area and a second area conveying first and second digital watermarks, respectively, wherein the first digital watermark includes a first orientation component and the second digital watermark includes a second orientation component, wherein the first orientation component is embedded so as to represent a first orientation, and wherein the second orientation component is embedded so as to represent a second different orientation;

segmenting the data into a plurality of portions via the decoder;

determining, via the decoder, an orientation measure relative to a predetermined orientation for each of the portions;

identifying, via the decoder, the first area by associating portions having a first orientation measure; and

identifying, via the decoder, the second area by associating portions having a second orientation measure.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein the first area is identified as being likely to include a first digital watermark associated with a first orientation component.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein the second area is identified as being likely to include a second digital watermark associated with a second orientation component.

19. The method of claim 16, wherein the digital data corresponds to at least one of audio, video or imagery.

20. A method comprising:

receiving, at a decoder, data corresponding to at least a portion of digital data;

separating the data into a plurality of portions via the decoder;

determining, via the decoder, a measure relative to a predetermined measure for each of the portions, wherein the predetermined measure comprises both a watermark correlation measure and a watermark orientation measure, wherein the measure comprises a measure related to a predetermined digital watermark signal, and wherein a first portion of the data includes a the first orientation component embedded so as to represent a first orientation, and wherein a second portion of the data includes a second orientation component embedded so as to represent a second different orientation;

based at least in part on the measure, identifying, via the decoder, which out of the plurality of portions are likely to host digital watermarking therein.

21. The method of claim 20, wherein the predetermined measure comprises at least one of watermark signal strength or an expected watermark orientation property.

22. The method of claim 21, wherein the expected watermark orientation property comprises at least one of scale, rotation or translation.

23. The method of claim 20, wherein the digital data corresponds to audio, video or imagery.

24. A method to determine whether a media signal has been altered relative to an original media signal, said method comprising:

receiving, at a decoder, data corresponding to at least a portion of digital data;

separating the data into a plurality of portions via the decoder, wherein a first portion of the data includes a the first orientation component embedded so as to represent a first orientation, and wherein a second portion of the data includes a second orientation component embedded so as to represent a second different orientation;

determining a measure for each of the portions via the decoder, wherein the measure comprises a measure related to a digital watermark signal;

determining, via the decoder, for each of the portions whether the respective measure is relatively different compared to a neighborhood of measures; and

based on the determining for each of the portions whether the respective measure is different, identifying portions which may not correspond to an original media signal via the decoder.

25. A method to detect a copy of media, the method comprising:

receiving, at a decoder, data representing media, wherein the media comprises a first area and a second area comprising a first digital watermark and a second digital watermark, respectively, wherein the first digital watermark includes a first orientation component and the second digital watermark includes a second orientation component, wherein the first orientation component is embedded so as to represent a first orientation, and wherein the second orientation component is embedded so as to represent a second different orientation;

segmenting the data into a plurality of portions via the decoder;

determining an orientation parameter for at least some of the portions via the decoder, wherein the orientation parameter comprises one of the first or second orientation components;

identifying, via the decoder, from the determined orientation parameters, at least two prominent orientation parameters;

comparing, via the decoder, at least one of;

i) a relationship between at least the two most prominent orientation parameters;

ii) at least the two most prominent orientation parameters to predetermined orientation parameters;

or iii) a relationship between at least the two most prominent orientation parameters and an expected relationship between the two most prominent orientation parameters; and

based on the comparing, determining, via the decoder, whether the media is an original media or is a copy of the original media.

26. The method of claim 25, wherein the media comprises a printed document.

27. The method of claim 26, wherein the printed document comprises an identification document, and wherein the first area corresponds with a photographic representation of a bearer of the identification document.

28. The method of claim 25, wherein the orientation parameter comprises rotation and scale.

29. A method of determining areas of media that have a likelihood of including digital watermark information, the method comprising:

receiving, at a decoder, digital data corresponding to media;

analyzing, via the decoder, a plurality of portions of the digital data to determine an orientation measure for each of the portions, wherein the orientation measure provides an orientation measure relative to a predetermined orientation measure, wherein a first portion of the digital data includes a the first orientation component embedded so as to represent a first orientation, and wherein a second portion of the digital data includes a second orientation component embedded so as to represent a second different orientation; and

identifying, via the decoder, a predetermined number of orientation measures that have a highest number of portions associated therewith.

30. The method of claim 29, wherein the media comprises imagery.

31. The method of claim 29, wherein the media comprises video or audio.

32. The method of claim 29, wherein the media comprises a printed document.

33. The method of claim 32, wherein the printed document comprises at least one of an identification document and a financial document.

34. The method of claim 29, further comprising analyzing portions that correspond to the identified orientation measures to recover the digital watermark information.

35. The method of claim 34, wherein the identified orientation measures respectively correspond to different digital watermark orientation components.

36. The method of claim 34, wherein prior to the analyzing step, the method further comprises manipulating the portions that correspond to the identified orientation measures to compensate for image distortion identified by the orientation measures.

37. The method of claim 29, in which said act of identifying a predetermined number of orientation measures is based on:

i) a highest number of portions associated therewith; and

ii) a strongest collective watermark strength associated therewith.

38. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions comprising:

instructions to receive data corresponding to at least a portion of digital data, wherein the data corresponds to an image having a first area and a second area conveying first and second digital watermarks, respectively, wherein the first digital watermark includes a first orientation component and the second digital watermark includes a second orientation component, wherein the first orientation component is embedded so as to represent a first orientation, and wherein the second orientation component is embedded so as to represent a second different orientation;

instructions to segment the data into a plurality of portions;

instructions to determine an orientation measure relative to a predetermined orientation for each of the portions;

instructions to identify the first area by associating portions having a first orientation measure; and

instructions to identify the second area by associating portions having a second orientation measure.

39. An apparatus for detecting watermarks, the apparatus comprising:

a decoder configured to;

receive data corresponding to at least a portion of digital data, wherein the data corresponds to an image having a first area and a second area conveying first and second digital watermarks, respectively, wherein the first digital watermark includes a first orientation component and the second digital watermark includes a second orientation component, wherein the first orientation component is embedded so as to represent a first orientation, and wherein the second orientation component is embedded so as to represent a second different orientation;

segment the data into a plurality of portions;

determine an orientation measure relative to a predetermined orientation for each of the portions;

identify the first area by associating portions having a first orientation measure; and

identify the second area by associating portions having a second orientation measure.

40. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions comprising:

instructions to receive data corresponding to at least a portion of digital data;

instructions to separate the data into a plurality of portions, wherein a first portion of the data includes a the first orientation component embedded so as to represent a first orientation, and wherein a second portion of the data includes a second orientation component embedded so as to represent a second different orientation;

instructions to determine a measure relative to a predetermined measure for each of the portions, wherein the predetermined measure comprises both a watermark correlation measure and a watermark orientation measure, and wherein the measure comprises a measure related to a predetermined digital watermark signal;

instructions to, based at least in part on the measure, identify which out of the plurality of portions are likely to host digital watermarking therein.

41. An apparatus for detecting watermarks, the apparatus comprising:

a decoder configured to;

receive data corresponding to at least a portion of digital data;

separate the data into a plurality of portions, wherein a first portion of the data includes a the first orientation component embedded so as to represent a first orientation, and wherein a second portion of the data includes a second orientation component embedded so as to represent a second different orientation;

determine a measure relative to a predetermined measure for each of the portions, wherein the predetermined measure comprises both a watermark correlation measure and a watermark orientation measure, and wherein the measure comprises a measure related to a predetermined digital watermark signal;

based at least in part on the measure, identify which out of the plurality of portions are likely to host digital watermarking therein.