System and method for powering vehicle using radio frequency signals and feedback

• US 8,469,122 B2
• Filed: 11/14/2008
• Issued: 06/25/2013
• Est. Priority Date: 05/24/2005
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Rearden, LLC
• Original Assignee: Rearden, LLC
• Inventors: Perlman, Stephen G., Forenza, Antonio
• Primary Examiner(s): WALTERS, JOHN DANIEL
• Application Number:
  US12/291,858
• Publication Number:
  US 20100044123A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,684 Days
• Field of Search: 180/2.1, 180/167, 180/168, 180/169, 244/1.R, 244/189, 342/372
• US Class Current: 180/2.1
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2200/26 Rail vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 53/124 Detection or removal of foreign bodies
• CPC Class Codes: G07F 15/005 dispensed for the electrical charging of vehicles electrical charging as such, B60L50/00
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/10 using inductive coupling
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/23 characterised by the type of transmitting antennas, e.g. directional array antennas or Yagi antennas
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/27 characterised by the type of receiving antennas, e.g. rectennas
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/402 the two or more transmitting or the two or more receiving devices being integrated in the same unit, e.g. power mats with several coils or antennas with several sub-antennas
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/80 involving the exchange of data, concerning supply or distribution of electric power, between transmitting devices and receiving devices
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 50/90 involving detection or optimisation of position, e.g. alignment
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/00034 Charger exchanging data with an electronic device, i.e. telephone, whose internal battery is under charge
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/7072 Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/12 Electric charging stations
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/14 Plug-in electric vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/16 Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles

Abstract

A system and method are described for powering a vehicle using radio frequency (“RF”) signals. For example, a method according to one embodiment of the invention comprises: positioning an antenna array beneath or on the road surface of a roadway, the antenna array configured to transmit RF signals responsive to RF processing logic and/or circuitry; coupling a rectenna array to a vehicle, the rectenna array configured to receive the RF signals transmitted from the antenna array and to generate power from the RF signals; providing feedback signals from the vehicle to the RF processing logic and/or circuitry, the feedback signals including channel state information (CSI) defining a current state of the channels between the antenna array and the rectenna array, the RF processing logic and/or circuitry using the channel state information to adjust the RF signal transmissions from the antenna array to improve the efficiency of the power generated by the rectenna array; and using the power generated by the rectenna array to power the vehicle.

Claims

1. A method comprising:

positioning a multi-element antenna array beneath or on a road surface of a roadway, the multi-element antenna array configured to transmit RF signals in an upward direction towards vehicles passing on the road surface of the roadway responsive to RF processing logic or circuitry;

identifying a particular driver or vehicle driving on the road surface of the roadway;

determining whether the driver or vehicle is authorized to receive the RF signals;

selectively transmitting the RF signals only if the driver or vehicle is authorized to receive the RF signals;

coupling a multi-element rectenna array to a vehicle, the multi-element rectenna array configured to receive the RF signals transmitted from the multi-element antenna array and to generate power from the RF signals;

providing feedback signals from the vehicle to the RF processing logic or circuitry if the particular driver or vehicle is authorized to receive the RF signals, the feedback signals including channel state information (CSI) defining a current state of the channels between the multi-element antenna array and the multi-element rectenna array, the RF processing logic or circuitry using the channel state information to adjust the RF signal transmissions from the multi-element antenna array to improve the efficiency of the power generated by the multi-element rectenna array; and

using the power generated by the multi-element rectenna array to power the vehicle.

2. The method as in claim 1 wherein using the channel state information to adjust the RF signal transmissions comprises:

determining an optimal transmission pattern for transmitting power to the vehicle.

3. The method as in claim 2 further comprising:

employing one or more precoding techniques to determine the optimal transmission pattern.

4. The method as in claim 3 wherein the precoding techniques comprise:

computing a plurality of precoding weights based on the channel state information; and

precoding the RF signals using the weights prior to transmitting the RF signals from the multi-element antenna array to the multi-element rectenna array.

5. The method as in claim 3 further comprising:

using the precoding techniques to sweep the RF signal towards the direction of the multi-element rectenna array as the vehicle moves on the road.

6. The method as in claim 1 wherein the CSI comprises both phase and amplitude information from all the antennas of the multi-element antenna array and the multi-element antenna array.

7. A system for powering a vehicle comprising:

a multi-element antenna array positioned beneath or on a road surface of a roadway, the multi-element antenna array configured to transmit RF signals in an upward direction towards vehicles passing on the road surface of the roadway responsive to RF processing logic or circuitry;

a plurality of authorization/control modules positioned beneath the road surface, the authorization/control modules configured to identify a particular driver or vehicle driving over the roadway, to further determine whether the driver or vehicle is authorized to receive the RF signals, and to cause the RF generators to selectively transmit the RF signals only if the driver or vehicle are authorized to receive the RF signals;

a multi-element rectenna array coupled to a vehicle, the multi-element rectenna array configured to receive the RF signals transmitted from the multi-element antenna array and to generate power from the RF signals;

RF processing logic or circuitry configured to receive feedback signals from the vehicle if the particular driver or vehicle is authorized to receive the RF signals, the feedback signals including channel state information (CSI) defining a current state of the channels between the multi-element antenna array and the multi-element rectenna array, the RF processing logic or circuitry using the channel state information to adjust the RF signal transmissions from the multi-element antenna array to improve the efficiency of the power generated by the rectenna array; and

wherein the power generated by the rectenna array is used to power the vehicle.

8. The system as in claim 7 wherein using the channel state information to adjust the RF signal transmissions comprises:

determining an optimal transmission pattern for transmitting power to the vehicle.

9. The system as in claim 8 wherein the optimal transmission pattern is computed to increase the power received at the multi-element rectenna array.

10. The system as in claim 8 wherein the optimal transmission pattern is computed to increase throughput.

11. The system as in claim 8 wherein the RF processing logic or circuitry employs one or more precoding techniques to determine the optimal transmission pattern.

12. The system as in claim 11 wherein the precoding techniques comprise:

computing a plurality of precoding weights based on the channel state information; and

precoding the RF signals using the weights prior to transmitting the RF signals from the multi-element antenna array to the multi-element rectenna array.

13. The system as in claim 11 wherein the RF processing logic or circuitry uses the precoding techniques to sweep the RF signal towards the direction of the rectenna as the vehicle moves on the road.

14. The system as in claim 7 wherein the CSI comprises both phase and amplitude information from all the antennas of the multi-element antenna array and the multi-element antenna array.