Selection of signal regions for parameter extraction

• US 8,478,538 B2
• Filed: 05/07/2009
• Issued: 07/02/2013
• Est. Priority Date: 05/07/2009
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Nellcor Puritan Bennett Ireland
• Original Assignee: Nellcor Puritan Bennett Ireland
• Inventors: McGonigle, Scott, Addison, Paul S., Watson, James N.
• Primary Examiner(s): ZEMAN, MARY K
• Application Number:
  US12/437,329
• Publication Number:
  US 20100286495A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,517 Days
• Field of Search: 702 19- 20
• US Class Current: 702/19
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/02416 using photoplethysmograph signals, e.g. generated by infrared radiation A61B5/14552 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0816 Measuring devices for examining respiratory frequency measuring frequency of electric signals G01R23/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14551 for measuring blood gases
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7203 for noise prevention, reduction or removal
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7225 Details of analog processing, e.g. isolation amplifier, gain or sensitivity adjustment, filtering, baseline or drift compensation A61B5/30, A61B5/316 take precedence; transformers for specific applications H01F38/00; amplifiers H03F
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7239 using differentiation including higher order derivatives
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/726 using Wavelet transforms

Abstract

According to embodiments, techniques for extracting a signal parameter from a selected region of a generally repetitive signal are disclosed. A pulse oximetry system including a sensor or probe may be used to obtain an original photoplethysmograph (PPG) signal from a subject. A filter transformation may be applied to the original PPG signal to produce a baseline PPG signal. The baseline PPG signal may contain artifacts and/or noise, and a region of the baseline PPG signal suitable for extracting the signal parameter may be selected. A suitable region of the baseline PPG signal may be selected by applying one or more thresholds to the baseline PPG signal, where the values of the thresholds may be set based on derivative values, amplitude-based percentiles, and/or local minima and maxima of the baseline PPG signal. A portion of the original PPG signal corresponding to the selected region may be processed, and the signal parameter may be extracted from the processed region. In an embodiment, the signal parameter may correspond to the respiration rate of a patient.

Claims

1. A method of extracting a signal parameter from a generally repetitive signal, comprising:

obtaining, using a specifically programmed processor, an original photoplethysmograph (PPG) signal from a sensor;

applying, using the specifically programmed processor, a filter transformation to the original PPG signal to substantially remove a pulse component from the original PPG signal and produce a baseline PPG signal;

determining, using the specifically programmed processor, one or more regions of the baseline PPG signal by applying a threshold to the baseline PPG signal, wherein the values of the threshold depend, at least in part, on a set of signal amplitude values of the baseline PPG signal;

selecting, using the specifically programmed processor, a region from the one or more regions, and processing a portion of the original PPG signal corresponding to the selected region; and

extracting, using the specifically programmed processor, the signal parameter from the processed portion of the original PPG signal.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining one or more regions of the baseline PPG signal further comprises:

computing, processor, a set of derivative values of the baseline PPG signal;

setting, using the specifically programmed processor, an upper threshold value and a lower threshold value based on the computed set of derivative values; and

determining, using the specifically programmed processor, one or more regions of the baseline PPG signal by selecting regions of the baseline PPG signal having derivative values located within the lower threshold value and the upper threshold value.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining one or more regions of the baseline PPG signal further comprises:

computing, processor, a set of amplitude-based percentile values of the baseline PPG signal;

setting, using the specifically programmed processor, an upper threshold value and a lower threshold value based on the computed set of amplitude-based percentile values; and

determining, using the specifically programmed processor, one or more regions of the baseline PPG signal by selecting regions of the baseline PPG signal having amplitude-based percentile values located within the lower threshold value and the upper threshold value.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining one or more regions of the baseline PPG signal further comprises:

computing, using the specifically programmed processor, a set of local minima and local maxima of the baseline PPG signal;

processing, using the specifically programmed processor, the set of local minima and local maxima to obtain a set of processed local minima and local maxima values;

setting, using the specifically programmed processor, an upper threshold value and a lower threshold value based on the obtained set of processed local minima and local maxima values; and

determining, using the specifically programmed processor, one or more regions of the baseline PPG signal by selecting regions of the baseline PPG signal having processed local minima and local maxima values located within the lower threshold value and the upper threshold value.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein applying the filter transformation comprises applying a low-pass filter.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein applying the filter transformation comprises applying a wavelet transformation.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein processing the portion of the original PPG signal comprises detecting and transforming up strokes and down strokes of the original PPG signal.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the extracted signal parameter comprises an estimated value of a respiration rate of a patient.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein a first threshold is set to a value that is a first multiple of the standard deviation of the amplitude values of the baseline PPG signal, and a second threshold is set to a value that is a second multiple of the standard deviation of the amplitude values of the baseline PPG signal.

10. The method of claim 4, wherein the upper threshold is set to a value that is a multiple of the median value of the local maxima, and the lower threshold is set to a value that is a multiple of the median value of the local minima.

11. A system for extracting a signal parameter from a generally repetitive signal, comprising:

a sensor for obtaining an original photoplethysmograph (PPG) signal;

a processor coupled to the sensor, wherein the processor is configured to;

apply a filter transformation to the original PPG signal to substantially remove a pulse component from the original PPG signal to produce a baseline PPG signal;

determine one or more regions of the baseline PPG signal by applying a threshold to the baseline PPG signal, wherein the values of the threshold depend, at least in part, on a set of signal amplitude values of the baseline PPG signal;

select a region from the determined one or more regions;

process a portion of the original PPG signal corresponding to the selected region; and

extract the signal parameter from the processed portion of the original PPG signal.

12. The system of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to determine one or more regions of the baseline PPG signal by:

computing a set of derivative values of the baseline PPG signal;

setting an upper threshold value and a lower threshold value based on the computed set of derivative values; and

determining one or more regions of the baseline PPG signal by selecting regions of the baseline PPG signal having derivative values located within the lower threshold value and the upper threshold value.

13. The system of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to determine one or more regions of the baseline PPG signal by:

computing a set of amplitude-based percentile values of the baseline PPG signal;

setting an upper threshold value and a lower threshold value based on the computed set of amplitude-based percentile values; and

determining one or more regions of the baseline PPG signal by selecting regions of the baseline PPG signal having amplitude-based percentile values located within the lower threshold value and the upper threshold value.

14. The system of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to determine one or more regions of the baseline PPG signal by:

computing a set of local minima and local maxima of the baseline PPG signal;

processing the set of local minima and local maxima to obtain a set of processed local minima and local maxima values;

setting an upper threshold value and a lower threshold value based on the obtained set of processed local minima and local maxima values; and

determining one or more regions of the baseline PPG signal by selecting regions of the baseline PPG signal having processed local minima and local maxima values located within the lower threshold value and the upper threshold value.

15. The system of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to apply the filter transformation, at least in part, by applying a low-pass filter.

16. The system of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to apply the filter transformation, at least in part, by applying a wavelet transformation.

17. The system of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to process the portion of the original PPG signal by detecting and transforming up strokes and down strokes of the original PPG signal.

18. The system of claim 11, wherein the extracted signal parameter comprises an estimated value of a respiration rate of a patient.

19. The system of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to set a first threshold value that is a first multiple of the standard deviation of the amplitude values of the baseline PPG signal, and a set a second threshold value that is a second multiple of the standard deviation of the amplitude values of the baseline PPG signal.

20. The system of claim 14, wherein the processor is further configured to set the upper threshold to a value that is a multiple of the median value of the local maxima, and set the lower threshold to a value that is a multiple of the median value of the local minima.