Power factor correction drive circuit topologies and control for switched reluctance machines

• US 8,525,450 B2
• Filed: 03/29/2011
• Issued: 09/03/2013
• Est. Priority Date: 03/29/2010
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Regal Beloit America, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Regal Beloit America, Inc.
• Inventors: Ramu, Krishnan
• Primary Examiner(s): COLON SANTANA, EDUARDO
• Application Number:
  US13/074,628
• Publication Number:
  US 20110234136A1
• Time in Patent Office: 889 Days
• Field of Search: 318/254.1, 318/701, 310/49.43, 310/216.075, 310/216.107, 310/12.18
• US Class Current: 318/254.1
• CPC Class Codes: H02K 1/14 Stator cores with salient poles
• CPC Class Codes: H02K 2213/03 Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information
• CPC Class Codes: H02K 3/18 Windings for salient poles
• CPC Class Codes: H02P 6/14 Electronic commutators

Abstract

Drive circuits that provide power factor correction and input current waveform shaping for controlling the speed and torque in a switched reluctance machine (SRM). The machine'"'"'s phase windings are split into two segments, one of which is used for active power factor correction, input ac current waveform shaping and partial torque generation and the other of which is used for torque generation.

Claims

1. A power converter for supplying power to a motor, the power converter comprising for a motor phase:

no more than three diodes;

a single capacitor; and

a single switch that conducts current when activated and does not conduct current when deactivated, wherein;

the three diodes, capacitor, and switch are interconnected such that when interconnected with a single-phase alternating current supply and first and second series-connected windings of the motor phase;

a first operational mode of the power converter exists in which current is conducted through the single switch and the first and second motor phase windings,

energy is stored in the capacitor during the first operational mode by the conduction of current through one of the diodes to the capacitor, and

a second operational mode exists in which energy stored in the capacitor during the first operational mode is discharged by the conduction of current through the second motor phase winding and the switch.

2. A power converter for supplying power to a motor, the power converter comprising for two phases of the motor:

a diode;

a capacitor; and

two switches that each conducts current when activated and does not conduct current when deactivated, wherein;

the diode, capacitor, and two switches are interconnected such that when interconnected with a single-phase alternating current supply through a full-wave bridge rectifier, first and second series-connected phase windings of the motor for a first of the two motor phases, and third and fourth series-connected phase windings of the motor for a second of the two motor phases;

a first operational mode of the power converter exists in which current is conducted through a first of the two switches and the first and second motor phase windings,

a second operational mode of the power converter exists in which current is conducted through a second of the two switches and the third and fourth motor phase windings,

energy is stored in the capacitor during the first and second operational modes by the conduction of current through the diode to the capacitor,

a third operational mode exists in which energy stored in the capacitor during the first or second operational modes is discharged by the conduction of current through the second motor phase winding and the first switch when no current is conducted through the first motor phase winding, and

a fourth operational mode exists in which energy stored in the capacitor during the first or second operational modes is discharged by the conduction of current through the fourth motor phase winding and the second switch when no current is being conducted through the third motor phase winding.

3. A power converter for supplying power to first and second series-connected windings of a motor phase, the power converter comprising:

first, second, and third unidirectional current elements that each conducts current in only one direction between a current input terminal and a current output terminal;

a first capacitive element for storing energy across first and second terminals;

a first switch that conducts current between a current input terminal and a current output terminal when activated and does not conduct current between the current input and output terminals when deactivated, wherein;

the current input terminals of the first and second unidirectional current elements are directly connected by a first node,

the first terminal of the first capacitive element is directly connected to the current output terminals of the first and third unidirectional current elements by a second node,

the current input terminal of the third unidirectional current element is directly connected to the current input terminal of the first switch by a third node,

the second terminal of the first capacitive element is directly connected to the current output terminal of the first switch by a fourth node,

when;

(1) a single-phase alternating current supply has one terminal directly connected to the first node and has another terminal directly connected to the fourth node, (2) the first motor phase winding has a first terminal directly connected to the current output terminal of the second first unidirectional current element and a second terminal directly connected to the third node, (3) the second motor phase winding has a first terminal directly connected to the second node and a second terminal directly connected to the third node, and (4) the first switch is activated, then;

a first operational mode exists in which current is conducted through the first switch and the first and second motor phase windings while a positive voltage, with respect to the voltage applied to the fourth node, is applied to the current input terminals of the first and second unidirectional current elements,

energy is stored in the first capacitive element by the conduction of current through the first unidirectional current element to the first capacitive element, during the first operational mode, and

a second operational mode exists in which energy stored in the first capacitive element during the first operational mode is discharged by the conduction of current through the second motor phase winding while a negative voltage, with respect to the voltage applied to the fourth node, is applied to the current input terminals of the first and second unidirectional current elements.

4. The power converter of claim 3, further comprising:

fourth, fifth, and sixth unidirectional current elements that each conducts current in only one direction between a current input terminal and a current output terminal;

a second capacitive element for storing energy across first and second terminals;

a second switch that conducts current between a current input terminal and a current output terminal when activated and does not conduct current between the current input and output terminals when deactivated, wherein;

the current output terminals of the fourth and fifth unidirectional current elements are directly connected by the first node,

the first terminal of the second capacitive element is directly connected to the current input terminals of the fourth and sixth unidirectional current elements by a fifth node,

the current output terminal of the sixth unidirectional current element is directly connected to the current output terminal of the second switch by a sixth node,

the second terminal of the second capacitive element is directly connected to the current input terminal of the second switch by the fourth node,

when;

(1) third and fourth windings of another motor phase are series connected, (2) the third motor phase winding has a first terminal directly connected to the current input terminal of the fifth unidirectional current element and a second terminal directly connected to the sixth node, (3) the fourth motor phase winding has a first terminal directly connected to the fifth node and a second terminal directly connected to the sixth node, and (4) the second switch is activated, then;

a third operational mode exists in which current is conducted through the second switch and the third and fourth motor phase windings while a negative voltage, with respect to the voltage applied to the fourth node, is applied to the current input terminals of the fourth and fifth unidirectional current elements,

energy is stored in the second capacitive element by the conduction of current through the fourth unidirectional current element, during the third operational mode, and

a fourth operational mode exists in which energy stored in the second capacitive element during the third operational mode is discharged by the conduction of current through the fourth motor phase winding while a positive voltage, with respect to the voltage applied to the fourth node, is applied to the current input terminals of the fourth and fifth unidirectional current elements.

5. A power converter for supplying power to first and second series-connected windings of a first motor phase and third and fourth series-connected windings of a second motor phase, the power converter comprising:

first, second, and third unidirectional current elements that each conducts current in only one direction between a current input terminal and a current output terminal;

a capacitive element for storing energy across first and second terminals;

first and second switches that each conducts current between a current input terminal and a current output terminal when activated and does not conduct current between the current input and output terminals when deactivated, wherein;

the first terminal of the capacitive element and the current output terminals of the first, second, and third unidirectional current elements are directly connected by a first node,

the current input terminal of the second unidirectional current element is directly connected to the current input terminal of the first switch by a second node,

the second terminal of the capacitive element is directly connected to the current output terminals of the first and second switches by a third node,

the current input terminal of the third unidirectional current element is directly connected to the current input terminal of the second switch by a fourth node,

when;

(1) a single-phase alternating current supply is connected to the power converter through a full-wave bridge rectifier such that a positive voltage terminal is directly connected to the current input terminal of the first unidirectional current element by a fifth node and has a negative voltage terminal directly connected to the third node, (2) the first motor winding has a first terminal directly connected to the fifth node and a second terminal directly connected to the second node, (3) the second motor winding has a first terminal directly connected to the second node and a second terminal directly connected to the first node, (4) the third motor winding has a first terminal directly connected to the fifth node and a second terminal directly connected to the fourth node, and (4) the fourth motor winding has a first terminal directly connected to the first node and a second terminal directly connected to the fourth node, then

a first operational mode exists in which current is conducted through the first and second motor windings, while the first switch is activated,

a second operational mode exists in which current is conducted through the third and fourth motor windings, while the second switch is activated,

energy is stored in the capacitive element during the first and second operational modes,

a third operational mode exists in which energy stored in the capacitive element is discharged by the conduction of current through the second motor winding and the first switch while no current is conducted by the first motor winding, and

a fourth operational mode exists in which energy stored in the capacitive element is discharged by the conduction of current through the fourth motor winding and the second switch while no current is conducted by the third motor winding.

6. A power converter for supplying power to a motor, the power converter comprising:

a plurality of diodes;

a first capacitor; and

a first switch that conducts current when activated and does not conduct current when deactivated, wherein;

the diodes, first capacitor, and first switch are interconnected such that when interconnected with a single-phase alternating current supply and first and second series-connected windings of a motor phase;

a first operational mode of the power converter exists in which a first current is conducted through the first motor phase winding and the first switch, a second current is conducted through the second motor phase winding and the first switch, and the voltages across the first and second motor phase windings are the same, excluding voltage drops across parasitic resistances,

energy is stored in the first capacitor during the first operational mode by the conduction of current through one of the diodes to the first capacitor, and

a second operational mode exists in which energy stored in the first capacitor during the first operational mode is discharged by the conduction of current through the second motor phase winding and the first switch.

7. The power converter of claim 6, further comprising:

a second capacitor; and

a second switch that conducts current when activated and does not conduct current when deactivated, wherein;

the diodes, first and second capacitors, and first and second switches are interconnected such that when interconnected with the single-phase alternating current supply and third and fourth series-connected windings of another motor phase;

a third operational mode of the power converter exists in which a third current is conducted through the third motor phase winding and the second switch, a fourth current is conducted through the fourth motor phase winding and the second switch, and the voltages across the third and fourth motor phase windings are the same, excluding voltage drops across parasitic resistances,

energy is stored in the second capacitor during the third operational mode by the conduction of current through another one of the diodes, and

a fourth operational mode exists in which energy stored in the second capacitor during the third operational mode is discharged by the conduction of current through the fourth motor phase winding and the second switch.

8. The power converter of claim 7, wherein the first and fourth operational modes occur during the positive half-cycle of the single-phase alternating current supply.

9. The power converter of claim 8, wherein the second and third operational modes occur during the negative half-cycle of the single-phase alternating current supply.

10. The power converter of claim 7, further comprising no more than six diodes and no more than two switches.

11. The power converter of claim 6, wherein the first operational mode occurs during the positive half-cycle of the single-phase alternating current supply.

12. The power converter of claim 11, wherein the second operational mode occurs during the negative half-cycle of the single-phase alternating current supply.

13. The power converter of claim 6, further comprising no more than three diodes and no more than a single switch.

14. A power converter comprising:

first and second unidirectional current elements that each conducts current in only one direction;

a first capacitive element;

a first switch that conducts current when activated and does not conduct current when deactivated, wherein;

the first and second unidirectional current elements, first capacitive element, and first switch are interconnected such that when interconnected with a single-phase alternating current supply and first and second series-connected windings of a motor phase;

a first operational mode of the power converter exists in which a first current is conducted through the second unidirectional current element and no other unidirectional current element, the first motor phase winding, and the first switch and a second current is conducted through the first unidirectional current element and no other unidirectional current element, the second motor phase winding, and the first switch,

energy is stored in the first capacitive element during the first operational mode by the conduction of current through the first unidirectional current element to the first capacitive element, and

a second operational mode exists in which energy stored in the first capacitive element during the first operational mode is discharged by the conduction of current through the second motor phase winding and the first switch.

15. The power converter of claim 14, further comprising:

third and fourth unidirectional current elements that each conducts current in only one direction;

a second capacitive element;

a second switch that conducts current when activated and does not conduct current when deactivated, wherein;

the third and fourth unidirectional current elements, second capacitive element, and second switch are interconnected such that when interconnected with the single-phase alternating current supply and third and fourth series-connected windings of another motor phase;

a third operational mode of the power converter exists in which a third current is conducted through the fourth unidirectional current element and no other unidirectional current element, the third motor phase winding, and the second switch and a fourth current is conducted through the third unidirectional current element and no other unidirectional current element, the fourth motor phase winding, and the second switch,

energy is stored in the second capacitive element during the third operational mode by the conduction of current through the third unidirectional current element, and

a fourth operational mode exists in which energy stored in the second capacitive element during the third operational mode is discharged by the conduction of current through the fourth motor phase winding and the second switch.

16. The power converter of claim 15, wherein the first and fourth operational modes occur during the positive half-cycle of the single-phase alternating current supply.

17. The power converter of claim 16, wherein the second and third operational modes occur during the negative half-cycle of the single-phase alternating current supply.

18. The power converter of claim 15, further comprising no more than six unidirectional current elements and no more than two switches.

19. The power converter of claim 14, wherein the first operational mode occurs during the positive half-cycle of the single-phase alternating current supply.

20. The power converter of claim 19, wherein the second operational mode occurs during the negative half-cycle of the single-phase alternating current supply.

21. The power converter of claim 14, further comprising no more than three unidirectional current elements and no more than a single switch.