System and method for balancing a state of charge of series connected cells

• US 8,581,549 B2
• Filed: 11/21/2011
• Issued: 11/12/2013
• Est. Priority Date: 03/20/2007
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Ener1, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Ener1, Inc.
• Inventors: Hartzog, Chad
• Primary Examiner(s): Berhanu, Samuel
• Application Number:
  US13/301,748
• Publication Number:
  US 20120068665A1
• Time in Patent Office: 722 Days
• Field of Search: 320118-119
• US Class Current: 320/118
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 7/0016 using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Abstract

A method of balancing a state of charge (SOC) of a plurality of cells connected in series, including identifying an undercharged cell from the plurality of cells to charge, electrically connecting a positive side of the undercharged cell to a positive bus, electrically connecting a negative side of the undercharged cell to a negative bus, electrically connecting an inductor to a voltage source during a first time period; electrically disconnecting the inductor from the voltage source in response to an elapse of the first time period, and maintaining the disconnection of the inductor from the plurality of cells for a second time period corresponding generally to the time for the inductor to discharge energy to the undercharged cell.

Claims

1. A method of balancing a state of charge (SOC) of a plurality of cells connected in series, said method comprising:

identifying an undercharged cell from the plurality of cells to charge;

electrically connecting a positive side of the undercharged cell to a positive bus, the positive bus comprising a plurality of positive bus switches operable to selectively couple the plurality of cells to the positive bus;

electrically connecting a negative side of the undercharged cell to a negative bus, the negative bus comprising a plurality of negative bus switches operable to selectively couple the plurality of cells to the negative bus;

electrically connecting an inductor to a voltage source during a first time period;

electrically disconnecting the inductor from the voltage source in response to an elapse of the first time period; and

maintaining the disconnection of the inductor from the voltage source for a second time period corresponding generally to the time for the inductor to discharge energy to the undercharged cell.

2. A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the voltage source comprises at least one of the plurality of cells.

3. A method as set forth in claim 1 wherein the voltage source comprises an external system.

4. A method as set forth in claim 1 further comprising sensing a current flowing through the inductor.

5. A method as set forth in claim 4 wherein electrically disconnecting the inductor from the voltage source includes electrically disconnecting the inductor from the voltage source in response to the current flowing through the inductor reaching a predetermined level.

6. A method as set forth in claim 1 further comprising determining whether the undercharged cell is undercharged with respect to the other cells of the plurality of cells.

7. A method as set forth in claim 6 further comprising repeating electrically connecting an inductor, sensing a current, electrically disconnecting the inductor, and maintaining the disconnection in response to the undercharged cell remaining undercharged with respect to the plurality of cells.

8. A method of balancing a state of charge (SOC) of a plurality of cells connected in series, said method comprising:

identifying an undercharged cell from the plurality of cells to charge;

electrically connecting a positive side of the undercharged cell to a positive bus, the positive bus comprising a plurality of positive bus switches operable to selectively couple the plurality of cells to the positive bus;

electrically connecting a negative side of the undercharged cell to a negative bus, the negative bus comprising a plurality of negative bus switches operable to selectively couple the plurality of cells to the negative bus;

electrically connecting an inductor to a voltage source during a first time period;

sensing a current flowing through the inductor;

electrically disconnecting the inductor from the voltage source in response to the current flowing through the inductor reaching a predetermined level; and

maintaining the disconnection of the inductor from the voltage source for a second time period corresponding generally to the time for the inductor to discharge energy to the undercharged cell.

9. A method as set forth in claim 8 wherein the voltage source comprises at least one of the plurality of cells.

10. A method as set forth in claim 8 wherein the voltage source comprises an external system.

11. A method as set forth in claim 8 further comprising determining whether the undercharged cell is undercharged with respect to the other cells of the plurality of cells.

12. A method as set forth in claim 11 further comprising repeating electrically connecting an inductor, sensing a current, electrically disconnecting the inductor, and maintaining the disconnection in response to the undercharged cell remaining undercharged with respect to the plurality of cells.

13. A method of balancing a state of charge (SOC) of a plurality of cells connected in series, said method comprising:

identifying an undercharged cell from the plurality of cells to charge;

electrically connecting a positive side of the undercharged cell to a positive bus, the positive bus comprising a plurality of positive bus switches operable to selectively couple the plurality of cells to the positive bus;

electrically connecting a negative side of the undercharged cell to a negative bus;

electrically connecting an inductor to a voltage source during a first time period, the negative bus comprising a plurality of negative bus switches operable to selectively couple the plurality of cells to the negative bus;

electrically disconnecting the inductor from the voltage source in response to an elapse of the first time period;

sensing a current flowing through the inductor;

electrically connecting the inductor to the undercharged cell and regulating an amount of current to be delivered to the undercharged cell; and

maintaining the disconnection of the inductor from the voltage source for a second time period corresponding generally to the time for the inductor to discharge energy to the undercharged cell.

14. A method as set forth in claim 13 wherein the voltage source comprises at least one of the plurality of cells.

15. A method as set forth in claim 13 wherein the voltage source comprises an external system.

16. A method as set forth in claim 13 wherein electrically disconnecting the inductor from the voltage source includes electrically disconnecting the inductor from the voltage source in response to the current flowing through the inductor reaching a predetermined level.

17. A method as set forth in claim 13 further comprising determining whether the undercharged cell is undercharged with respect to the other cells of the plurality of cells.