Portable dialysis machine

• US 8,597,505 B2
• Filed: 02/08/2011
• Issued: 12/03/2013
• Est. Priority Date: 09/13/2007
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Fresenius Medical Care Holdings Incorporated (Fresenius Medical Care AG)
• Original Assignee: Fresenius Medical Care Holdings Incorporated (Fresenius Medical Care AG)
• Inventors: Fulkerson, Barry Neil, Joseph, Russell Thomas, Braig, James Roswell, Gura, Victor, Mishelevich, David J., Robinson, Thomas, Clemens, Charles, Trcka, Milan, Foster, Clark Berg, Ghidoli, Daniele, Hering, Martin, Isackson, Frank, Zwierstra, Jan Brian, Smith, Mark Forrest
• Primary Examiner(s): DRODGE, JOSEPH W
• Application Number:
  US13/023,490
• Publication Number:
  US 20110315611A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,029 Days
• Field of Search: 210/85, 210/86, 210/87, 210/90, 210/91, 210/94, 210/96.2, 210/134, 210/138, 210/141, 210/143, 210/149, 210/175, 210/184, 210/32, 210/1.6, 210/321.71, 210/321.72, 210/257.1, 210/418, 210/646, 210/647, 210/257.2, 251/65, 417/2, 417/477.1, 417/477.2, 600/481, 600/500, 177/3, 177/25.13, 345/30, 345/33, 345/619, 604/4.01, 604/5.01, 604 601- 611, 604/29, 604 65- 67
• US Class Current: 210/86
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/1609 after use, i.e. downstream of dialyser
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/1643 with weighing of fresh and used dialysis fluid
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/1645 with mechanically linked peristaltic dialysis fluid pumps one upstream, the other one downstream of the dialyser
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/166 Heating for sterilisation A61M1/1686
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/1692 Detection of blood traces in dialysate
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/1696 with dialysate regeneration
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3406 Physical characteristics of the filtrate, e.g. urea
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3413 Diafiltration
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3626 Gas bubble detectors
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3639 Blood pressure control, pressure transducers specially adapted therefor
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3641 Pressure isolators
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3646 Expelling the residual body fluid after use, e.g. back to the body
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3656 Monitoring patency or flow at connection sites; Detecting disconnections
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3672 Means preventing coagulation
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/369 Temperature treatment
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/10 with powered movement mechanisms
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/126 with incorporated membrane filters
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/13 with means for the detection of operative contact with patient, e.g. lip sensor
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/14 Detection of the presence or absence of a tube, a connector or a container in an apparatus
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/15 Detection of leaks
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/18 : with alarm
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/3306 : Optical measuring means
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/3317 : Electromagnetic, inductive or dielectric measuring means
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/3334 : Measuring or controlling the flow rate
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/3368 : Temperature
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/3375 : Acoustical, e.g. ultrasonic, measuring means
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/3393 : by weighing the reservoir
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/3553 : remote, e.g. between patient's home and doctor's office
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/3584 : using modem, internet or bluetooth
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/50 : with microprocessors or computers
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/502 : User interfaces, e.g. screens or keyboards
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/52 : with memories providing a history of measured variating parameters of apparatus or patient
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/584 : having a color code
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/6072 : Bar codes
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2209/084 : Supporting bases, stands for equipment
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2313/10 : Specific supply elements
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2313/105 : Supply manifolds
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2313/12 : Specific discharge elements
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2313/125 : Discharge manifolds
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2313/243 : Pumps
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 61/18 : Apparatus therefor
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 61/30 : Accessories; Auxiliary operation
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 61/32 : Controlling or regulating

Abstract

The specification discloses a portable dialysis machine having a detachable controller unit and base unit. The controller unit includes a door having an interior face, a housing with a panel where the housing and panel define a recessed region configured to receive the interior face of the door, and a manifold receiver fixedly attached to the panel. The base unit has a planar surface for receiving a container of fluid, a scale integrated with the planar surface, a heater in thermal communication with the planar surface, and a sodium sensor in electromagnetic communication with the planar surface. Embodiments of the disclosed portable dialysis system have improved structural and functional features, including improved modularity, ease of use, and safety features.

Claims

1. A dialysis machine for processing blood comprising:

a. a controller unit wherein said controller unit comprises;

i. a door having an interior face;

ii. a housing with a panel wherein said housing and panel define a recessed region configured to receive said interior face of said door;

iii. a manifold receiver fixedly attached to said panel, wherein said manifold receiver is adapted to receive a manifold through which said blood flows from a patient and through a dialyzer; and

iv. a processing unit for controlling a flow of said blood through the manifold and dialyzer;

b. a base unit, wherein said base unit is adapted to physically attach to, and detach from, said controller unit and, when attached, be in data communication with said controller unit, wherein said base unit comprises;

i. a planar surface for receiving a container of fluid, wherein said container of fluid is in fluid communication with said manifold;

ii. a first scale in physical communication with said planar surface; and

iii. a heater in thermal communication with said container of fluid.

2. The dialysis machine of claim 1 wherein said manifold receiver comprises at least one of contoured guides, pins, or latch.

3. The dialysis machine of claim 1 wherein said panel is configured to provide access to a plurality of pumps.

4. The dialysis machine of claim 1 wherein said panel is configured to provide access to a plurality of peristaltic pumps in substantially parallel alignment.

5. The dialysis machine of claim 4 wherein said dialysis machine comprises four peristaltic pumps and wherein said interior face comprises four pump shoes.

6. The dialysis machine of claim 5 wherein, when said door is received into said recessed region, each of said four pump shoes aligns with one of said four peristaltic pumps.

11. The dialysis machine of claim 1 wherein said machine is configured to perform a dialysis treatment using said fluid and wherein said fluid is equal to approximately six liters of water, wherein said water is from a non-sterile source.

12. The dialysis machine of claim 1 wherein said manifold is a molded plastic substrate that defines a first flow path which is fluidically isolated from a second flow path.

13. The dialysis machine of claim 12 wherein each of said first and second flow paths has a hydraulic diameter in a range of 1.5 mm to 7.22 mm.

14. The dialysis machine of claim 12 wherein said molded plastic substrate is bonded to a plurality of tubing and wherein said plurality of tubing is bonded to said dialyzer.

15. The dialysis machine of claim 14 wherein said controller unit further comprises a member connected to an exterior of said housing, wherein said member is configured to physically receive said dialyzer.

16. The dialysis machine of claim 14 wherein said base unit further comprises a member connected to an exterior of said base unit, wherein said member is configured to physically receive said dialyzer.

17. The dialysis machine of claim 14 wherein the plurality of tubing is adapted to be removably attached to a sorbent cartridge.

18. The dialysis machine of claim 17 wherein said base unit further comprises a member connected to an exterior surface of the base unit, wherein said member is configured to physically receive the sorbent cartridge.

19. The dialysis machine of claim 1 wherein the controller unit comprises a bottom surface, wherein said bottom surface comprises a first physical interface and a first data interface.

20. The dialysis machine of claim 19 wherein the base unit has a top surface and wherein said top surface comprises a second physical interface configured to complement said first physical interface and a second data interface capable of interfacing with said first data interface.

21. The dialysis machine of claim 1 wherein the scale comprises a plurality of flexures and hall sensors, wherein each of said flexures is in physical communication with said planar surface and wherein each of said hall sensors is configured to sense a physical displacement.

22. The dialysis machine of claim 1 further comprising a sodium sensor in electrical communication with said fluid, wherein the sodium sensor comprises a conductivity sensor.

23. The dialysis machine of claim 22 wherein the conductivity sensor comprises a coil having plurality of turns, a capacitor in electrical communication with said coil, wherein said coil and capacitor define a circuit, and an energy source in electrical communication with said circuit.

24. The dialysis machine of claim 23 wherein the conductivity sensor outputs a value indicative of a sodium concentration in said fluid based on an energy input required from said energy source to maintain the constant voltage across the capacitor.

25. The dialysis machine of claim 1 wherein the base unit comprises at least one moisture sensor.

26. The dialysis machine of claim 1 wherein the base unit comprises a door capable of being in an open state or in a closed state and wherein the door is physically blocked from being in the open state when said interior face of the door is received in the recessed region.

27. The dialysis machine of claim 1 wherein the base unit comprises a door capable of being in an open state or in a closed state and wherein the door is physically locked into the closed state when said interior face of the door is in said recessed region.

28. The dialysis machine of claim 1 wherein the controller unit comprises a plurality of sensors in communication with said manifold when said interior face of the door is in said recessed region.

29. The dialysis machine of claim 28 wherein at least one said plurality of sensors comprises a pressure transducer.

30. The dialysis machine of claim 29 wherein the pressure transducer is in pressure communication with a flexible membrane integrated into said manifold.

31. The dialysis machine of claim 1 wherein the controller unit comprises at least one valve component in communication with said manifold.

32. The dialysis machine of claim 31, wherein said controller unit comprises a memory having stored therein a plurality of programmatic instructions that when executed by the processing unit, activate the valve component and wherein activation of said valve component causes fluid flow to be directed through one of two separate fluid paths in said manifold.

33. The dialysis machine of claim 32, wherein said activation of the valve component is dependent upon a mode of operation of the dialysis machine.

34. The dialysis machine of claim 31 wherein said valve component has an open position and a closed position and wherein said valve component comprises:

a. an orifice closing member adjacent to an orifice through which fluid can flow;

b. a displacement member having a first portion and a second portion, wherein said first portion is adjacent to the orifice closing member when a valve component is in said open position;

c. a first magnet and a second magnet wherein said first and second magnets are sufficiently proximate to said displacement member to exert a magnetic force on said displacement member; and

d. an actuator for generating a magnetic field to move said displacement member toward said first magnet, cause said first portion to press against the orifice closing member, and cause the orifice closing member to close said orifice.

35. The dialysis machine of claim 34 wherein the first portion comprises a housing, elastic material, a rod and a gap between said elastic material and said rod.

36. The dialysis machine of claim 34 further comprising an optical sensor positioned to sense if a gap in said valve component is present or absent.

37. The dialysis machine of claim 34 wherein said the first portion comprises a rod and said second portion of said displacement member is a metal body with a diameter greater than said rod.

38. The dialysis machine of claim 37 wherein said rod is bonded to a cylinder.

39. The dialysis machine of claim 34 wherein said first magnet is larger than said second magnet.

40. The dialysis machine of claim 34 wherein the orifice closing member comprises at least one of a diaphragm, an elastic material, and a compressible material.

41. The dialysis machine of claim 34 wherein the orifice closing member compresses against a valve seat to close said orifice.

42. The dialysis machine of claim 31 wherein said valve component comprises

a. an orifice closing member adjacent to an orifice through which fluid can flow wherein said orifice closing member compresses against a valve seat when the valve is in a closed position;

b. a moveable member that is physically movable relative to said orifice closing member wherein said moveable member moves from a first position when said valve is in an open position to a second position when said valve is in said closed position and wherein, in said second position, the moveable member presses against the orifice closing member to cause said orifice closing member to compress against the valve seat;

c. a first magnet and a second magnet having a separation wherein said first magnet and second magnet generate a magnetic field in the separation and wherein said magnetic field has a direction; and

d. an actuator capable of generating an electromagnetic force, wherein said electromagnetic force reverses the direction of said magnetic field.

43. The dialysis machine of claim 42 further comprising an optical sensor positioned to sense if a gap is present or absent.

44. The dialysis machine of claim 42 wherein said first magnet and second magnet provide a bearing surface for movement of said moveable member.

45. The dialysis machine of claim 42 wherein said first magnet, having a first pole, is larger than said second magnet, having a second pole.

46. The dialysis machine of claim 45 wherein the first pole and second pole repel each other and wherein the first magnet and second magnet are configured to have said first pole and second pole face each other.

47. The dialysis system of claim 1 wherein said controller unit further comprises a valve having a first stable state and a second stable state wherein said valve comprises magnets, wherein an input of energy into said valve creates a magnetic force which causes a displacement member to move within said controller unit, wherein the movement of said displacement member causes a change between the first state and the second state, and wherein maintenance of said first or second state does not require energy input.

48. The dialysis system of claim 47 wherein said manifold has an orifice wherein said orifice is closed to fluid flow when said valve is in the first stable state and wherein said orifice is open to fluid flow when said valve is in the second stable state.

49. The dialysis system of claim 48 wherein said orifice is closed to fluid flow when said displacement member compresses a material into said orifice.

50. The dialysis machine of claim 28 wherein at least one said plurality of sensors is a flow meter.

51. The dialysis machine of claim 50 wherein said flow meter comprises at least two probes, each of said probes having a body and a contact surface positioned on said molded plastic substrate, wherein a first of said at least two probes generates a thermal wave within fluid flowing through said molded plastic substrate in response to a first thermal signal and a second of said at least two probes senses said thermal wave within said fluid.

52. The dialysis machine of claim 51 wherein said flow meter further comprises a reference signal generator, wherein said reference signal generator outputs a reference signal.

53. The dialysis machine of claim 52 wherein said flow meter further comprises a heat source, wherein said heat source receives said reference signal from said reference signal generator, is configured to thermally engage with the first of said at least two probes, and generates said first thermal signal, having a phase derived from said reference signal.

54. The dialysis machine of claim 53 wherein said flow meter further comprises a temperature sensor, wherein said temperature sensor is configured to thermally engage with said second probe, and generate a second thermal signal, having a phase derived from said thermal wave.

55. The dialysis machine of claim 54 wherein said flow meter further comprises a multiplier for receiving an input signal from said reference signal generator and for receiving said second thermal signal and for outputting a third signal.

56. The dialysis machine of claim 55 wherein said flow meter further comprises a low pass filter for receiving a signal derived from said third signal, and for receiving the reference signal from said reference signal generator, wherein said low pass filter modulates its cutoff frequency based upon the reference signal.

57. The dialysis machine of claim 56 wherein the low pass filter generates a filtered signal and wherein the reference signal generator generates said reference signal based, at least in part, on said filtered signal.

58. The dialysis machine of claim 53 wherein said second probe is separated from said first probe by a distance of less than two inches.

59. The dialysis machine of claim 58 further comprising an amplifier for amplifying said third signal and generating the signal derived from said third signal.

60. The dialysis machine of claim 53 wherein the contact surface of each of said at least two probes has a diameter in the range of 0.025 inches to 0.2 inches.

61. The dialysis machine of claim 53 wherein said second probe comprises a thermistor.

62. The dialysis machine of claim 53 wherein the body of each of said at least two probes has a diameter in the range of .03 inches to 0.15 inches.

63. The dialysis machine of claim 52 wherein said flow meter dynamically adjusts said reference signal in order to maintain a constant frequency.

64. The dialysis machine of claim 52 wherein said flow meter dynamically adjusts said reference signal in order to maintain a constant phase.

65. The dialysis machine of claim 50 wherein said flow meter is configured to project an optical beam into fluid within said molded plastic substrate;

detect a resultant acoustic signal at a first point upstream and at a second point downstream in the fluid;

determine a phase difference between said acoustic signal detected upstream and said acoustic signal detected downstream in the fluid, and compute the rate of flow of said fluid from said determined phase difference.

66. The dialysis machine of claim 65 wherein said phase difference is determined by subtracting the signals representative of said acoustic signal phase detected upstream and downstream.

67. The dialysis machine of claim 50 wherein said flow meter comprises an optical system for projecting an optical beam into fluid flowing through a transparent section of said;

a first acoustic detector for detecting the acoustic signal at a first point upstream from said transparent section;

a second acoustic detector for detecting said acoustic signal at a second point downstream from said transparent section;

a processor for determining a phase difference between said acoustic signal detected upstream and said acoustic signal detected downstream and for computing from the determined phase difference a rate of flow of fluid in said manifold.

68. The dialysis machine of claim 67, wherein said processor for determining the phase difference comprises a subtraction unit.

69. The dialysis machine of claim 67, wherein said optical system is a pulsed laser system.

70. The dialysis machine of claim 67, wherein said optical beam is projected perpendicular to the direction of flow of said fluid.

71. The dialysis machine of claim 67 wherein said flow meter has an operative sensing range between 20 mL/min to 600 mL/min.

72. The dialysis machine of claim 50 wherein said flow meter has an operative sensing range between 20 mL/min to 600 mL/min.

73. The dialysis machine of claim 1 wherein the controller unit further comprises a reader for detecting identification data embedded in said manifold.

74. The dialysis machine of claim 1 wherein the controller unit further comprises a temperature sensor, in data communication with said processing unit, which is adapted to be in thermal communication with said manifold when said door is in said recessed region.

75. The dialysis machine of claim 1 wherein the controller unit comprises a disconnection monitor for determining if a blood line connection to a patient has been disconnected.

76. The dialysis machine of claim 75 wherein the disconnection monitor comprises:

a. a pressure transducer in pressure communication with a blood flow path in said manifold wherein said pressure transducer generates a signal indicative of a pulse signal in said blood flow path;

b. a cardiac reference signal generator, wherein said cardiac reference signal generator detects and generates a signal indicative of said patient'"'"'s pulse;

c. a pressure transducer data receiver, wherein said pressure transducer data receiver receives said signal indicative of the pulse signal in said blood flow path;

d. a cardiac reference signal receiver, wherein said cardiac reference signal receiver receives said signal indicative of the patient'"'"'s pulse; and

e. a processor, wherein said processor cross-correlates said signal indicative of the pulse signal in said blood flow path and said signal indicative of the patient'"'"'s pulse to generate data indicative of a disconnection of the blood line connection to the patient.

77. The dialysis machine of claim 76 wherein the disconnection monitor further comprises a controller, wherein said controller triggers an alarm based upon said data indicative of a disconnection of the blood line connection to the patient.

78. The dialysis machine of claim 76 wherein the disconnection monitor further comprises a controller, wherein said controller shuts down a dialysis pump based upon said data indicative of a disconnection of the blood line connection to a patient.

79. The dialysis machine of claim 76 wherein said pressure transducer non-invasively generates a signal indicative of a pulse signal in said blood flow path.

80. The dialysis system of claim 76 wherein the processor cross-correlates said signal indicative of the pulse signal in said blood circuit and said signal indicative of the patient'"'"'s pulse by computing a sum of products of corresponding pairs of points of the signal indicative of the pulse signal in said blood circuit and said signal indicative of the patient'"'"'s pulse within a specified time frame.

81. The dialysis system of claim 76 wherein said disconnection monitor further comprises programmatic instructions for directing a patient to first attach said cardiac signal reference generator prior to starting a dialysis pump.

82. The dialysis system of claim 76 wherein said disconnection monitor further comprises programmatic instructions for directing the system to capture said signal indicative of the pulse signal in said blood flow path prior to starting a dialysis pump.

83. The dialysis system of claim 1 wherein said controller unit further comprises:

a. a display;

b. a second scale;

c. a bar code reader;

d. a memory storing a plurality of programmatic instructions wherein, upon execution by said processing unit, said instructions generate;

i. a first graphical user interface for presentation on said display, wherein said first graphical user interface displays each additive required for use in a dialysis treatment;

ii. a second graphical user interface for presentation on said display, wherein said second graphical user interface prompts a user of said system to submit a plurality of additives to scanning using said bar code scanner; and

iii. a third graphical user interface for presentation on said display, wherein said third graphical user interface prompts a user of said system to submit a plurality of additives to measurement using said scale.

84. The dialysis system of claim 83 wherein said second scale is a digital scale.

85. The dialysis system of claim 83 wherein the bar code scanner provides a visual indication of a successful read.

86. The dialysis system of claim 83 wherein the memory further comprises a table associating a plurality of additive names with a plurality of bar codes.

87. The dialysis system of claim 83 wherein the memory further comprises a table associating a plurality of additives with a plurality of weight values.

88. The dialysis system of claim 83 wherein the first graphical user interface displays a visual representation of the additive packaging.

89. The dialysis system of claim 83 wherein said third graphical user interface only prompts the user of said system to submit an additive to measurement using said scale if a bar code of the additive is not recognized.

90. The dialysis system of claim 83 wherein said third graphical user interface only prompts the user of said system to submit an additive to measurement using said scale if a bar code for the additive is not available.

91. The dialysis system of claim 1 wherein said controller unit further comprises:

a. a display;

b. a second scale comprising a plurality of magnets;

c. an electronic reader;

d. a memory storing a plurality of programmatic instructions wherein, upon execution by said processing unit, said instructions generate;

i. a first graphical user interface for presentation on said display, wherein said first graphical user interface prompts a user of said system to submit a plurality of additives to scanning using said bar code scanner; and

ii. a second graphical user interface for presentation on said display, wherein said second graphical user interface prompts a user of said system to submit a plurality of additives to measurement using said scale.

92. The dialysis system of claim 91 wherein, upon execution by said processing unit, said instructions further generate a third graphical user interface for presentation on said display, wherein said third graphical user interface displays each additive required for use in the dialysis treatment.

93. The dialysis system of claim 91 wherein said second scale is a digital scale and wherein said digital scale generates data representative of a weight of an object placed on said digital scale.

94. The dialysis system of claim 93 wherein said digital scale further comprises at least three flexures.

95. The dialysis system of claim 94 wherein each of said flexures comprises a magnet and a corresponding hall sensor.

96. The dialysis system of claim 1 wherein the manifold comprises a molded plastic substrate and wherein said molded plastic substrate comprises a first flow path and a second flow path defined therein and wherein said first flow path and said second flow path are fluidically separated by a valve.

97. The dialysis system of claim 96 wherein said controller unit further comprises a memory storing a plurality of programmatic instructions, wherein, when executed by said processing unit, said programmatic instructions are configured to define a first state of said valve and a second state of said valve depending upon a selected mode of operation.

98. The dialysis system of claim 97 wherein said selected mode of operation is either a priming mode or a treatment mode.

99. The dialysis system of claim 97 wherein said first state of the valve places said first flow path in fluid communication with said second flow path.

100. The dialysis system of claim 99 wherein said second state of the valve places said first flow path in fluid isolation from said second flow path.

101. The dialysis system of claim 1 wherein said manifold comprises a molded plastic substrate and wherein said substrate comprises a first fluid circuit for infusing fluid into a patient and a second fluid circuit for removing fluid from the patient.

102. The dialysis system of claim 101 wherein said controller unit further comprises a first pump configured to alternately operate on said first circuit and said second circuit;

a second pump configured to alternately operate on said second circuit and said first circuit; and

a controller for causing said first pump to alternatively operate on said first circuit and said second circuit and for causing said second pump to alternatively operate on said first circuit and said second circuit, wherein each of the said first pump and second pump operate only one circuit at a given time.

103. The dialysis system of claim 102, wherein the first pump causes a higher amount of fluid to be pumped per unit time than the second pump.

104. The dialysis system of claim 102, wherein said first and second pumps alternately operate on said first and second circuits for a time interval, wherein said time interval is derived from an allowable difference in the amount of fluid pumped per unit time by the said first and second pumps.

105. The dialysis system of claim 102, wherein said first and second pumps are peristaltic pumps.

106. The dialysis system of claim 102, further comprising a restrictor for equalizing a pressure differential between said first and second circuits.

107. The dialysis system of claim 106 wherein said restrictor is active and equalizes said pressure differential based upon a measured pressure differential derived from a first pressure sensor in said first circuit and from a second pressure sensor in said second first circuit.

108. The dialysis system of claim 1 wherein said panel further comprises a funnel defined by two sloped surfaces leading to a channel and wherein said channel comprises at least one moisture sensor.

109. The dialysis system of claim 108 wherein, when the door is received into said recessed region, said funnel is located below the manifold and configured to channel fluid leaking from said manifold toward said moisture sensor.

110. The dialysis machine of claim 1 wherein a bottom surface of said controller unit is adapted to be removably attached to a top surface of said base unit.

111. The dialysis machine of claim 110 wherein the controller unit is automatically placed in electrical communication with the base unit when said bottom surface of the controller unit is attached to the top surface of the base unit.

112. The dialysis machine of claim 1 wherein the controller unit is physically detached from the base unit.

113. The dialysis machine of claim 112 wherein the controller unit is automatically placed in data communication with the base unit when said bottom surface of the controller unit is attached to the top surface of the base unit.

114. The dialysis machine of claim 112 wherein the controller unit is in fluid communication with the base unit.

7. The dialysis machine of 4 wherein at least one of said pump shoes is movably attached to said door by a member and spring.

9. The dialysis machine of claim 7 wherein said controller unit further comprises a sensor for measuring movement of said member.

10. The dialysis machine of claim 9 wherein said processing unit receives a measure of the movement of said member from the sensor and determines a fluid pressure based on said measure.

8. The dialysis machine of 7 wherein said member is a bolt.

115. A dialysis machine comprising:

a disposable plastic substrate comprising tubing adapted to be connected to a patient and comprising flow paths for transporting blood from said patient;

a dialyzer in fluid communication with said disposable plastic substrate and adapted to receive said blood;

a first unit wherein said first unit comprises;

i. a door having a first face;

ii. a housing attached to said door, wherein housing has a second face;

iii. at least one manifold receiver fixedly attached to said second face wherein said manifold receiver is adapted to physically receive said disposable plastic substrate;

iv. a display for displaying a graphical user interface; and

v. a processing unit for controlling a flow of said blood through the disposable plastic substrate and dialyzer; and

a second unit, wherein said second unit is adapted to physically attach to, and detach from, said first unit and wherein said second unit comprises;

i. at least one planar surface for supporting a container of fluid, wherein said container of fluid is in fluid communication with said disposable plastic substrate;

ii. a scale integrated with said planar surface; and

a heater in thermal communication with said container.

116. The dialysis machine of claim 115 wherein said disposable plastic substrate defines a first flow path which is fluidically isolated from a second flow path.

117. The dialysis machine of claim 116 wherein said disposable plastic substrate comprises:

a. a first layer;

b. a second layer;

c. a first flow path defined by a first surface of the first layer and a first surface of the second layer;

d. a second flow path defined by a first surface of the first layer and a first surface of the second layer; and

e. a valve in fluid communication with both said first flow path and said second flow path wherein said valve has first state and a second state and wherein, when in said first state, the first flow path and second flow path are in fluid isolation and when in said second state, the first flow path and second flow path are in fluid communication.

118. The dialysis machine of claim 116 wherein said disposable plastic substrate comprises a first plurality of ports in opposing alignment to a second plurality of ports.

119. The dialysis machine of claim 118 wherein at least one of said first plurality of ports and second plurality of ports comprises a member having an external cylindrical housing, wherein said member has an interior space defined by a central axis.

120. The dialysis machine of claim 119 wherein said central axis is angled relative to a plane within which said plastic substrate lies.

121. The dialysis machine of claim 120 wherein said angle is in a range of 5 degrees to 15 degrees.

122. The dialysis machine of claim 118 wherein at least one of said first plurality of ports is defined by a cross-sectional area having a first diameter and a second diameter perpendicular to the first diameter.

123. The dialysis machine of claim 122 wherein said at least one of said first plurality of ports is connected to a port channel defined by a cross-sectional area having a third diameter and a fourth diameter perpendicular to the third diameter, wherein the third diameter is greater than the first diameter and wherein the fourth diameter is less than the second diameter.

124. The dialysis machine of claim 123 wherein the port channel comprises at least one protruding member having a height less than the fourth diameter.

125. The dialysis machine of claim 123 wherein the port channel is covered by a flexible membrane.

126. The dialysis machine of claim 125 wherein the port channel comprises at least one protrusion configured to prevent a flexible membrane from collapsing into said port channel and completely occluding said port channel.

127. The dialysis machine of claim 123 wherein the cross-sectional area of said port channel is different from said cross-sectional area of said port and where the cross-sectional area of said port channel is configured to maintain a substantially constant velocity of fluid passing through said port and into said port channel.

128. The dialysis machine of claim 116 wherein said disposable plastic substrate is defined by a first segment, second segment, and third segment:

a. wherein said first segment is parallel to said second segment;

b. wherein said third segment is perpendicular to, and attached to, each of said first segment and second segment; and

c. wherein said first, second, and third segment define a first flow path that is fluidically isolated from a second flow path.

129. The dialysis machine of claim 128 wherein said first segment has a first plurality of ports and said second segment has a second plurality of ports, and wherein said first and second plurality of ports are in alignment.

130. The dialysis machine of claim 129 wherein at least one of said first plurality of ports and second plurality of ports comprises a member having an interior space defined by a central axis.

131. The dialysis machine of claim 130 wherein said central axis is angled relative to a plane within which said first and second segment lie.

132. The dialysis machine of claim 131 wherein said angle is in a range of 5 degrees to 15 degrees.

133. The dialysis machine of claim 131 wherein at least one of said first plurality of ports is defined by a cross-sectional area having a first diameter parallel to a length of the first segment and a second diameter perpendicular to the first diameter.

134. The dialysis machine of claim 133 wherein said at least one of said first plurality of ports is connected to a port channel having a cross-sectional area with a third diameter parallel to the length of the first segment and a fourth diameter perpendicular to the third diameter, wherein the third diameter is greater than the first diameter and wherein the fourth diameter is less than the second diameter.

135. The dialysis machine of claim 134 wherein the port channel comprises at least one protruding member having a height less than the fourth diameter.

136. The dialysis machine of claim 135 wherein the port channel is covered by a flexible membrane.

137. The dialysis machine of claim 135 wherein the port channel comprises at least one protrusion configured to prevent a flexible membrane from collapsing into said port channel.

138. The dialysis machine of claim 134 wherein the cross-sectional area of said port channel is different from said cross-sectional area of said port and where the cross-sectional area of said port channel is configured to maintain a substantially constant Reynolds number of fluid passing through said port and into said port channel.

139. The dialysis machine of claim 128 wherein the third segment is attached to a center of the first segment and the second segment.

140. The dialysis machine of claim 128 wherein the third segment is not attached to a center of the first segment or the second segment.

141. The dialysis machine of claim 128 wherein said first segment has at least one port wherein a portion of an interior of said port is defined by flat base.

142. The dialysis machine of claim 128 wherein said first segment and said second segment have a length in a range of 4 to 7 inches and a width in a range of 0.5 to 1.5 inches.

143. The dialysis machine of claim 142 wherein said third segment has a length in a range of 2.5 to 4.5 inches.

144. The dialysis machine of claim 128 wherein said first segment has a first length and a first width, said second segment has a second length and a second width, and said third segment has a third length and a third width, and wherein said first length and said second length is greater than the third width and said first width and second width is less than the third length.

145. The dialysis machine of claim 128 wherein said first segment has a first length and a first width and said second segment has a second length and a second width, and wherein said first length is equal to said second length and said first width is equal to said second width.

146. The dialysis machine of claim 115 wherein said disposable plastic substrate comprises a tubular segment that connects said disposable plastic substrate with said dialyzer.

147. The dialysis machine of claim 146 comprising a receiver to removably attach said dialyzer to an external surface of said dialysis machine.

148. The dialysis machine of claim 146 wherein said tubular segment comprises a disposable conductivity probe, having an internal volume, wherein said internal volume receives fluid flowing through said tubular segment.

149. The dialysis machine of claim 148 wherein said disposable conductivity probe is adapted to removably connect to mating probes positioned on an external surface of said dialysis machine.

150. A dialysis machine comprising:

a first unit, adapted to be physically detachable from and in data communication with a second unit, wherein said first unit comprises;

i. A door with a pressure plate positioned on an interior face of the door;

ii. A housing with a panel wherein said housing and panel define a recessed region configured to receive said interior face of said door;

iii. An alignment mechanism fixedly attached to said panel, wherein said alignment mechanism is configured to detachably receive a manifold on said panel and position said manifold against said pressure plate when the door is received into said recessed region, wherein said manifold is in fluid communication with a patient, with a sorbent cartridge, with a dialyzer, and with a source of water; and

iv. a processing unit for controlling a flow of blood through said manifold and said dialyzer and for controlling a flow of said water through said manifold, said sorbent cartridge, and said dialyzer;

Wherein said second unit comprises;

i. a planar surface for receiving said water in a container;

ii. a weighing means integrated with said planar surface; and

a heater in thermal communication with said container.