Medical fluid cassettes and related systems

• US 8,721,883 B2
• Filed: 02/21/2012
• Issued: 05/13/2014
• Est. Priority Date: 06/04/2002
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland GmbH (Fresenius Medical Care AG)
• Original Assignee: Fresenius Medical Care Deutschland GmbH (Fresenius Medical Care AG)
• Inventors: Lauer, Martin
• Primary Examiner(s): CECIL, TERRY K
• Application Number:
  US13/401,419
• Publication Number:
  US 20120181226A1
• Time in Patent Office: 812 Days
• Field of Search: None
• US Class Current: 210/240
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/152 Details related to the interface between cassette and machine
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/1524 the interface providing means for actuating on functional elements of the cassette, e.g. plungers
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/15632 the filter being a dialyser
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/16 with membranes
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/1601 Control or regulation
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/1621 Constructional aspects thereof semi-permeable membranes for separation processes characterised by their properties B01D69/00; semi permeable membranes characterised by their material B01D71/00
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3401 Cassettes therefor
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3496 Plasmapheresis; Leucopheresis; Lymphopheresis A61M1/3472 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3621 Extra-corporeal blood circuits single-needle circuits A61M1/30
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/362223 the interface being evacuated interfaces to enhance contact
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/36224 with sensing means or components thereof
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/36225 with blood pumping means or components thereof
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/362261 at least one cassette surface or portion thereof being flexible, e.g. the cassette having a rigid base portion with preformed channels and being covered with a foil
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/362264 the filter being a blood filter
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/362265 Details of valves
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/367 Circuit parts not covered by the preceding subgroups of group A61M1/3621
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2202/0413 Blood
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/12 with interchangeable cassettes forming partially or totally the fluid circuit
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/122 using evacuated interfaces to enhance contact
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/126 with incorporated membrane filters
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/128 : with incorporated valves
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/3331 : Pressure; Flow
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 60/113 : in other functional devices, e.g. dialysers or heart-lung machines
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 60/268 : the displacement member being flexible, e.g. membranes, diaphragms or bladders
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 60/37 : Haemodialysis, haemofiltration or diafiltration
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 60/427 : the force acting on the blood contacting member being hydraulic or pneumatic
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 60/43 : using vacuum at the blood pump, e.g. to accelerate filling
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 60/847 : arranged in a cassette

Abstract

The invention relates to an apparatus for the treatment of a medical liquid comprising a liquid treatment machine and a cassette insertable therein substantially made of a rigid base body of the cassette with fitted chambers and passages and a foil covering them.

Claims

1. A dialysis system, comprising:

a dialysis machine defining a cassette compartment; and

a dialysis fluid cassette configured to be disposed in the cassette compartment, the dialysis fluid cassette comprising

a base defining a recessed region; and

a flexible membrane attached to the base and configured to cooperate with the recessed region to define a first fluid channel when the flexible membrane is pressed against the base,

wherein the base further comprises a member extending into the recessed region, the member defining a second fluid channel that extends to an opening in an end surface of the member, the recessed region and the member being configured such that when the membrane is pressed against the end surface of the member, fluid is permitted to flow around an outer contour of the member in the first fluid channel and through the first fluid channel and fluid is prevented from flowing through the second fluid channel, and when the membrane is spaced from the end surface of the member, fluid is permitted to flow around an outer contour of the member in the first fluid channel and through the first fluid channel and fluid is permitted to flow through the second fluid channel.

2. The dialysis system of claim 1, wherein the base comprises raised rims extending outwardly along edges of the recessed region, the raised rims configured to contact the membrane when the flexible membrane is pressed against the base to define the first fluid channel between the flexible membrane and the recessed region of the base.

3. The dialysis system of claim 2, wherein the end surface of the member is substantially planar with end surfaces of the raised rims.

4. The dialysis system of claim 1, wherein the outer contour of the portion of the member in the recessed region has a streamlined shape corresponding to a flow direction of fluid flow through the first fluid channel.

5. The dialysis system of claim 4, wherein the outer contour of the portion of the member in the recessed region has at least one of an acutely tapering separation edge and a rounded leading edge.

6. The dialysis system of claim 1, wherein the end surface of the member is in the form of a flat valve seat.

7. The dialysis system of claim 1, wherein a longitudinal axis of the second fluid channel extends substantially perpendicularly to a flow direction of the first fluid channel and substantially perpendicular to the flexible membrane.

8. The dialysis system of claim 1, wherein the dialysis machine further comprises a plunger having a first surface configured to press the flexible membrane against portions of the base extending along the edges of the recessed region, and a second surface configured to press the flexible membrane against the end surface of the member, and wherein the first and second surfaces are in the same plane.

9. The dialysis system of claim 8, wherein the first and second surfaces are formed by a common planar plunger surface.

10. The dialysis system of claim 9, wherein the plunger is configured such that the second surface of the plunger can be moved away from the end surface of the member to fluidly connect the first and second fluid channels.

11. A dialysis fluid cassette, comprising:

a base defining a recessed region; and

a flexible membrane attached to the base and configured to cooperate with the recessed region to define a first fluid channel when the flexible membrane is pressed against the base,

wherein the base further comprises a member extending into the recessed region, the member defining a second fluid channel that extends to an opening in an end surface of the member, the recessed region and the member being configured such that when the membrane is pressed against the end surface of the member, fluid is permitted to flow around an outer contour of the member in the first fluid channel and through the first fluid channel and fluid is prevented from flowing through the second fluid channel, and when the membrane is spaced from the end surface of the member, fluid is permitted to flow around an outer contour of the member in the first fluid channel and through the first fluid channel and fluid is permitted to flow through the second fluid channel.

12. The dialysis fluid cassette of claim 11, wherein the base comprises raised rims extending outwardly along edges of the recessed region, the raised rims configured to contact the membrane when the flexible membrane is pressed against the base to define the first fluid channel between the flexible membrane and the recessed region of the base.

13. The dialysis fluid cassette of claim 12, wherein the end surface of the member is substantially planar with end surfaces of the raised rims.

14. The dialysis fluid cassette of claim 11, wherein the outer contour of the portion of the member in the recessed region has a streamlined shape corresponding to a flow direction of fluid flow through the first fluid channel.

15. The dialysis fluid cassette of claim 14, wherein the outer contour of the portion of the member in the recessed region has at least one of an acutely tapering separation edge and a rounded leading edge.

16. The dialysis fluid cassette of claim 11, wherein the end surface of the member is in the form of a flat valve seat.

17. The dialysis fluid cassette of claim 11, wherein a longitudinal axis of the second fluid channel extends substantially perpendicularly to a flow direction of the first fluid channel and substantially perpendicular to the flexible membrane.

18. A dialysis system, comprising:

a dialysis machine defining a cassette compartment; and

a dialysis fluid cassette configured to be disposed in the cassette compartment, the dialysis fluid cassette comprising

a base defining a substantially planar surface and a recessed region extending inwardly from the substantially planar surface; and

a flexible membrane attached to the base and configured to cooperate with the recessed region to define a first fluid channel when the flexible membrane is pressed against the base,

wherein the base further comprises a member extending into the recessed region, the member defining a second fluid channel that extends to an opening in an end surface of the member, and the end surface of the member is substantially planar with surfaces of the base that contact the flexible membrane when the flexible membrane is pressed against the base such that when the flexible membrane is pressed against the end surface of the member, fluid is permitted to flow around the member and through the first fluid channel and fluid is prevented from flowing through the second fluid channel, and when the flexible membrane is spaced from the end surface of the member, fluid is permitted to flow around the member and through the first fluid channel and fluid is permitted to flow through the second fluid channel.

19. The dialysis system of claim 18, wherein the base comprises raised rims extending outwardly from the substantially planar surface along edges of the recessed region, the raised rims configured to contact the membrane when the flexible membrane is pressed against the base to define the first fluid channel between the flexible membrane and the recessed region of the base.

20. The dialysis system of claim 19, wherein the end surface of the member is substantially planar with end surfaces of the raised rims.

21. The dialysis system of claim 18, wherein the flexible membrane is configured to close the opening in the end surface of the member when the flexible membrane is pressed against the end surface of the member.

22. The dialysis system of claim 18, wherein an outer contour of the portion of the member in the recessed region has a streamlined shape corresponding to a flow direction of fluid flow through the first fluid channel.

23. The dialysis system of claim 22, wherein the outer contour of the portion of the member in the recessed region has at least one of an acutely tapering separation edge and a rounded leading edge.

24. The dialysis system of claim 18, wherein the end surface of the member is in the form of a flat valve seat.

25. The dialysis system of claim 18, wherein a longitudinal axis of the second fluid channel extends substantially perpendicularly to a flow direction of the first fluid channel and substantially perpendicular to the flexible membrane.

26. The dialysis system of claim 18, wherein the dialysis machine further comprises a plunger having a first surface configured to press the flexible membrane against portions of the base extending along the edges of the recessed region, and a second surface configured to press the flexible membrane against the end surface of the member, and wherein the first and second surfaces are in the same plane.

27. The dialysis system of claim 26, wherein the first and second surfaces are formed by a common planar plunger surface.

28. The dialysis system of claim 27, wherein the plunger is configured such that the second surface of the plunger can be moved away from the end surface of the member to fluidly connect the first and second fluid channels.

29. The dialysis system of claim 28, wherein the flexible membrane is configured so that fluid pressure within the first fluid channel forces the flexible membrane away from the end surface of the member when the second surface of the plunger is moved away from the end surface of the member.

30. A dialysis fluid cassette, comprising:

a base defining a substantially planar surface and a recessed region extending inwardly from the substantially planar surface; and

a flexible membrane attached to the base and configured to cooperate with the recessed region to define a first fluid channel when the flexible membrane is pressed against the base,

wherein the base further comprises a member extending into the recessed region, the member defining a second fluid channel that extends to an opening in an end surface of the member, and the end surface of the member is substantially planar with surfaces of the base that contact the flexible membrane when the flexible membrane is pressed against the base such that when the flexible membrane is pressed against the end surface of the member, fluid is permitted to flow around the member and through the first fluid channel and fluid is prevented from flowing through the second fluid channel, and when the flexible membrane is spaced from the end surface of the member, fluid is permitted to flow around the member and through the first fluid channel and fluid is permitted to flow through the second fluid channel.

31. The dialysis fluid cassette of claim 30, wherein the base comprises raised rims extending outwardly from the substantially planar surface along edges of the recessed region, the raised rims configured to contact the membrane when the flexible membrane is pressed against the base to define the first fluid channel between the flexible membrane and the recessed region of the base.

32. The dialysis fluid cassette of claim 31, wherein the end surface of the member is substantially planar with end surfaces of the raised rims.

33. The dialysis fluid cassette of claim 30, wherein the flexible membrane is configured to close the opening in the end surface of the member when the flexible membrane is pressed against the end surface of the member.

34. The dialysis fluid cassette of claim 30, wherein an outer contour of the portion of the member in the recessed region has a streamlined shape corresponding to a flow direction of fluid flow through the first fluid channel.

35. The dialysis fluid cassette of claim 34, wherein the outer contour of the portion of the member in the recessed region has at least one of an acutely tapering separation edge and a rounded leading edge.

36. The dialysis fluid cassette of claim 30, wherein the end surface of the member is in the form of a flat valve seat.

37. The dialysis fluid cassette of claim 30, wherein a longitudinal axis of the second fluid channel extends substantially perpendicularly to a flow direction of the first fluid channel and substantially perpendicular to the flexible membrane.